Objective: To investigate the prevalence of anemia among students aged 6-15 years old participated in the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Program in 2012-2021 in Hunan Province, and to explore associated factors. Methods: A cluster random sampling method was used. The survey was conducted among compulsory education students who came from counties in Hunan Province where nutrition improvement plan and key surveillance were carried out. Height and weight were measured, hemoglobin, dietary habits and health knowledge were collected. Results: Since the implementation of nutrition improvement plan in 2012, the anemia rate decreased from 12.8% to 9.3%, the average hemoglobin content decreased from 133.9 g/L to 130.0 g/L. The proportion of students eating meat every day increased from 20.4% to 47.3%. Students eating three or more servings of table tennis ball size of meal increased from 21.4% to 47.3%. The proportion of students eating more than three kinds of vegetables per day was 39.1% in 2016 and 32.6% in 2019, and less than 30% in other years. The proportion of students eating three or more servings of table tennis ball size of vegetables increased from 19.5% to 39.6%, and the proportion of students eating snack less than once a day increased from 13.1% to 76.9%. The proportion of students drinking beverages less than once a day increased from 36.5% to 90.7%. Girls, older than 12 years, not eating meat every day, and who eat less than 1 serving of table tennis ball size of meat, eat less than 3 servings of table tennis ball size of vegetables and fruit at one time, and who eat less than 3 kinds of vegetables every day, and those who grow slowly had higher risk of anemia. Potential factors of anemia in students varied by survey year. Conclusion The implementation of the compulsory education has improved the nutritional status of compulsory education students in rural areas of Hunan Province, but anemia still occurs. Potential factors associated with childhood anemia are changing. Child health literacy education should adapt to the changing social and economic enviornment, as well as lifestyles. Targeted and appropriate nutritional education and intervention are greatly needed.

Objective To establish an online quantitative analysis model for moisture content assay of hydroxychloroquine sulfate particles by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Methods The NIR spectra were collected in real time when the material particles were dried in the fluidized bed. Meanwhile the water content of the particles was measured with the standard moisture tester. The multiplicative signal correction (MSC) and first derivative followed by Karl Norris smoothing were used for spectra pretreatment. Two spectral range (4 935−5 336 cm⁻¹ and 6 911−7 297 cm⁻¹) were selected for the quantitative model with the partial least squares (PLS) regression. Results The quantitative calibration model had good correlation coefficients with Rc value=0.952 9 and Rp value=0.936 6. The root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) was 0.408 and the root mean square error of prediction error (RMSEP) was 0.435. The ratio of standard deviation of validation set to prediction standard deviation (RPD) was 5.18. There was no significant difference between the predicted value and the reference value by t test when the established model was applied in large-scale production. Conclusion The online model established for monitoring water content has high accuracy and stability, which can be applied in industrial scale process to monitor the particle moisture in real time.

Objective To understand the changes on patterns of sleep duration of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) cohort in 9 provinces from 2004 to 2011.Methods Four rounds of CHNS data were used.Urban/rural,age and gender specific insufficient sleeping rates and excessive sleeping rates were analyzed.Results In 2004,2006,2009 and 2011,a total of 274,281,329 and 304 children aged 3-5 years;874,806,768 and 742 children aged 6-12 years;789,529,426 and 367 children aged 13-17 years;9 568,9 530,9 942 and 9 609 adults aged ≥18 years were surveyed respectively.The lowest insufficient sleeping rate was 53.9％ (200/371) in 3-17 years old children in rural area in 2006,the highest insufficient sleeping rate was 77.2％ (44/57) in 3-5 years old children in urban area in 2004.The insufficient sleeping rate increased in rural 3-5 years old children from 2004 to 2011.For the adults aged ≥ 18 years,the insufficient sleeping rate ranged from 4.2％ (82/ 1 954) in females aged 18-44 years in 2004 and 2009 to 20.8％ (211/1 015) in urban residents aged ＞ 60 years in 2011.The insufficient sleeping rate in age-groups 44-59 years and ≥60 years increased in both males and females and in both urban area and rural area from 2004 to 2011.The gender specific excessive sleeping rate in 3-17 years old children was very low in both urban area and rural area and no difference was found in different rounds of survey.The excessive sleeping rate in adults ranged from 18.4％ (569/3 093) in urban population in 2011 to 32.5％ (1 617/4 969) in females in 2004.The excessive sleeping rate of adult decreased from 2004 to 2011.Conclusion We should pay attention to the fact that the insufficient sleeping rate in adolescents is high and in increase in rural 3-5 years old children and adults aged ≥45 years.

Objective To detect the main nutritional components of novel jujube beverage from Laoling Zizyphus Jujuba cv.Jinsixiaozao.Methods Free monosaccharides in novel jujube juice were determined by the HPLC-RID method while water-soluble polysaccharides were analyzed by UV spectrophotometric method with the phenol-sulfuric acid derivatization.Amino acid and mineral contents were obtained by the automatic amino acid analyzer and atomic absorption photometric methods, respectively.The quantification of total phenolic and flavonoids was accomplished by the UV spectrophotometric method after the respective complexation of the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum nitrate.The contents of rutin and cyclic nucleotides were determined by the HPLC-UV method.Results The average contents of sucrose, glucose, fructose and polysaccharides in novel jujube juice were 3.85, 32.5,27.3 and 3.6 mg/mL, respectively.The total amino acid average content was 269.7 μg/mL.The mineral average contents of Ca, Fe, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cr, and Cu were 35.1,0.85, 55.8, 0.85, 0.44, 0.41, 0.21μg/mL, respectively.The novel jujube juice contained average 1.34μg/mL rutin equivalents of total phenolics and average 157.3 μg/mL gallic acid equivalents of total flavonoids.Finally, the average amounts of rutin, cAMP and cGMP were 7.15, 19.17 , and 8.11 μg/mL, respectively.Conclusion The newly developed jujube juice is worthwhile further marketing development attributed to its rich nutritional components and healthy values .

Objectives:To improve the surgical procedures and investigate the feasibility of the closed placement of nasojejunal tube during Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. Methods:From January 2010 to December 2013, 85 patients (72 males and 13 females) with esophageal or gastric cardiac carcinoma underwent Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy in our department. Briefly, the general surgical proce-dures were performed as follows:1) stomach mobilization and enlargement of esophageal hiatus and pyloric sphincter digital fracture via laparotomy; 2) tubular stomach reconstruction, esophageal carcinoma resection, and intra-thoracic esophagogatrostomy via right posterolateral thoracotomy;and 3) forward closed placement of feeding tube through the nostrils and jejunum of patients under the guid-ance of a surgeon, who palpates the pylorus through the hiatus with the use of fingers. Results:No operative death or feeding tube-asso-ciated adverse event was observed. Among the 85 patients who have undergone Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy, feeding tube placement in-to the jejunum during surgery failed in 33 cases. The success rate of nasojejunal feeding tube placement was 61.2%(52/85). Twelve pa-tients with successful tube placement did not receive enteral feeding for several reasons and were thereby transferred to parenteral group. Significant differences were observed in terms of the nutritional cost and proportion between enteral feeding and parenteral groups (?1,469 ± 741 vs.?3,223 ± 917, P<0.001;3.4%vs. 7.2%, P<0.001). No differences in postoperative hospital stay and morbidi-ty were observed between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion:The novel forward closed placement of nasojejunal feeding tube dur-ing Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy provides a non-invasive, feasible, simple, and economical method for postoperative nutritional support. Surgeons could perform this novel technique successfully in practice.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the dysregulated genes among the differentially expressed genes in 41 nasopharyngeal biopsy samples and identify their protective transcriptional factors.

METHODSThe differentially expressed gene profiles were obtained by analyzing both types I and II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC_I and NPC_II, respectively) using EXCEL and Bioinformatics tools. The transcriptional factors were further studied only when (1) the difference in the binding sites of the differentially expressed genes between NPC_I and NPC_II groups was statistically significant, (2) the expressions of the transcription factors were correlated with the gene expressions in the samples, and (3) the transcription factors affected at least 40% of the expression of the related genes.

RESULTSIn NPC_I samples, 80 transcription factors were found to be up-regulated, in which RUNX3, GATA3, NR3C1, NRF1, RXRA, SMAD7, TBP, and ZBTB6 were positive factors and HLF and MTF1 were negative factors, involved in the regulation of the genes in T cell receptor signaling pathway. No eligible transcription factors were found in association with down-regulated genes in NPC_I compared to NPC_II gene expression profiles.

CONCLUSIONSThe over-expressed genes in NPC_I are mainly related to immune responses, and we found 8 positive factors and 2 negative factors that regulate the genes in T cell receptor signaling pathway. The 10 transcription factors may serve as potential therapeutic targets for NPC_I. We failed to identify any transcription factors associated with down-regulated genes in NPC_I relative to NPC_II possibly as a result of multiple factors that affect the differential gene expressions in NPC_II including the transcription factors, DNA phosphorylation and modification, chromosome variation and environmental factors.

Carcinoma ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; classification ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To summarize our results and experience in dealing with the postoperative intrathoracic gastro-air-way fistulae after esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma.Methods From January 2010 through February 2012,1490 patients with esophageal carcinoma underwent esophagectomy in our department.The postoperative intrathoracic gastro-airway fistulae were documented in 10 patients,with a frequency of 0.67％.Five of them died.The possible etiology,clinical characters,treatment and prevention of this complication were reviewed.Results The location of the fistulate were 7 at left main bronchus,1 at right main bronchus,and 2 at distal trachea.After 2-3 weeks conservative treatment,1 patient underwent primary surgical repair and cured,1 refused any further intervention and sacrified,8 patients underwent endoscopic insertion of covered stent and only 3 healed.For the remaining 5 cases with failed stent therapy,2 died of severe aspiration and lung infection,3 had surgical repair,one of them successed and 2 died of aspiration and aortic rupture,respecively.Conclusion The development of intrathoracic gastro-airway fistulae was associated with the iatrogenic injuries and suturing material irritation of the gastric tube to the tracheal/bronchial wall.Therefore,a meticulous closure and wapping of gastroplasty and appropriate isolation using artifical patch or great omentum between airway and esophageal substitution could effectively reduce the fistulae.The stent therapy usually fails in treating this entity and surgical repair remains the final and ratical therapeutic option.Primary repaire is suggested and careful preoperative assessment is crucial.

Objective To analyze the dysregulated genes among the differentially expressed genes in 41 nasopharyngeal biopsy samples and identify their protective transcriptional factors. Methods The differentially expressed gene profiles were obtained by analyzing both types I and II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC_I and NPC_II, respectively) using EXcelland Bioinformatics tools. The transcriptional factors were further studied only when (1) the difference in the binding sites of the differentially expressed genes between NPC_I and NPC_II groups was statistically significant, (2) the expressions of the transcription factors were correlated with the gene expressions in the samples, and (3) the transcription factors affected at least 40%of the expression of the related genes. Results In NPC_I samples, 80 transcription factors were found to be up-regulated, in which RUNX3, GATA3, NR3C1, NRF1, RXRA, SMAD7, TBP, and ZBTB6 were positive factors and HLF and MTF1 were negative factors, involved in the regulation of the genes in T cell receptor signaling pathway. No eligible transcription factors were found in association with down-regulated genes in NPC_I compared to NPC_II gene expression profiles. Conclusions The over-expressed genes in NPC_I are mainly related to immune responses, and we found 8 positive factors and 2 negative factors that regulate the genes in T cell receptor signaling pathway. The 10 transcription factors may serve as potential therapeutic targets for NPC_I. We failed to identify any transcription factors associated with down-regulated genes in NPC_I relative to NPC_II possibly as a result of multiple factors that affect the differential gene expressions in NPC_II including the transcription factors, DNA phosphorylation and modification, chromosome variation and environmental factors.

Objective To analyze the dysregulated genes among the differentially expressed genes in 41 nasopharyngeal biopsy samples and identify their protective transcriptional factors. Methods The differentially expressed gene profiles were obtained by analyzing both types I and II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC_I and NPC_II, respectively) using EXcelland Bioinformatics tools. The transcriptional factors were further studied only when (1) the difference in the binding sites of the differentially expressed genes between NPC_I and NPC_II groups was statistically significant, (2) the expressions of the transcription factors were correlated with the gene expressions in the samples, and (3) the transcription factors affected at least 40%of the expression of the related genes. Results In NPC_I samples, 80 transcription factors were found to be up-regulated, in which RUNX3, GATA3, NR3C1, NRF1, RXRA, SMAD7, TBP, and ZBTB6 were positive factors and HLF and MTF1 were negative factors, involved in the regulation of the genes in T cell receptor signaling pathway. No eligible transcription factors were found in association with down-regulated genes in NPC_I compared to NPC_II gene expression profiles. Conclusions The over-expressed genes in NPC_I are mainly related to immune responses, and we found 8 positive factors and 2 negative factors that regulate the genes in T cell receptor signaling pathway. The 10 transcription factors may serve as potential therapeutic targets for NPC_I. We failed to identify any transcription factors associated with down-regulated genes in NPC_I relative to NPC_II possibly as a result of multiple factors that affect the differential gene expressions in NPC_II including the transcription factors, DNA phosphorylation and modification, chromosome variation and environmental factors.

This paper sets out to summarize the literatures based on immobilized enzyme biochromatography and its application in inhibitors screening in the last decade.In order to screen enzyme inhibitors from a mass of compounds in preliminary screening,multi-pore materials with good biocompatibility are used for the supports of immobilizing enzymes,and then the immobilized enzyme reactor applied as the inmobilized enzyme stationary phase in HPLC.Therefore,a technology platform of high throughput screening is gradually established to screen the enzyme inhibitors as new anti-tumor drugs.Here,we briefly summarize the selective methods of supports,immobilization techniques,co-immobilized enzymes system and the screening model.