While the milestone development of brain-computer interfaces （BCI） has brought a series of benefits to society， it has also exposed a range of ethical issues. By sorting out the relevant research on BCI conducted by domestic scholars， the research results were discussed at three levels， including subjectivity， epistemology， and axiology. In terms of subjectivity， there was a controversy over the concept of “subjectivity” of BCI， raising the problem of subject responsibility； in epistemology， there were doubts about the new cognitive form brought about by BCI， and the new cognitive approaches exposed potential problems； as for axiology， there was confidence in the macroscopic development of BCI， while concerns about its microscopic individual and social issues were raised. Finally， this paper pointed out that future research needs to be further expanded in research fields and depth， and three governance suggestions were proposed， including improving institutional guarantees and strengthening standardized governance， forming diverse teams and enhancing ethical breakthroughs， and enhancing self-awareness and actively complying with regulations.

Objective:To observe the expression of B7-H4 in experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM).Methods:BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 2 groups:the control group and the experimental group.The mice of experimental group were injected with myosin to establish EAM models , while the mice of control group were injected with complete Freund 's adjuvant and normal saline.All the mice were killed separately at the 14th,21st,30th and 45th day for lymphocyte proliferation assay ,hematoxylin-eosin staining,immunohistochemical staining and real-time PCR.Results:The inflammation infiltration of heart was most serious at the 14th and 21st day,then it was gradually relieved with time;the results of lymphocyte proliferation assay and real-time PCR were similar to that of the inflammation infiltration of heart ,which were in high level at the 14th and 21st day,and they were both higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05 );B7-H4 protein were only detected in the experimental group ,and it was constantly expressed during the whole experiment on the endothelium of heart with myocarditis.Conclusion:B7-H4 participates in the progress of EAM ,and it may be a new way of studying the mechanism of myocarditis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze failure reasons of surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), and explore the methods of reoperation. METHOD: By selecting 27 patients, who accepted surgical treatment for OSAHS and recurred, we analyzed failure reasons and obstructive location by apneagraph, nasopharyngeal 3D-CT, electronic nasopharynlaryngoscope. Among them, 14 patients accepted reoperation, such as uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), nasoendoscopic surgery, adenoidectomy, partial glossectomy, tracheotomy were applied matching to differential obstructive location. AHI, lowest SaO2, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), complication were recorded after 6 months. RESULT: After 6 months, their AHI decreased from 48.19 +/- 13.11 to 11.32 +/- 4. 42, ESS scores decreased from 12.93 +/- 4.60 to 4.93 +/- 1.44, P<0.05. Two of the 14 patients were cured, while the other 12 were efficient. No complications were observed. CONCLUSION Obstructive location judgement and proper surgical operation are the keys of the treatment. Preoperative AG sleep monitoring, nasopharyngeal 3D CT, electronic nasopharynlaryngoscope examination for determining blocking plane, the decision of surgery which is significant.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Palate ; surgery ; Palate, Soft ; surgery ; Pharynx ; surgery ; Recurrence ; Reoperation ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; prevention & control ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Uvula ; surgery

With the development of Chinese education system, academic students in medical university can not meet the demand of current social development. The combination of teaching and research ideas should run through the whole teaching process, which is an important approach to bring up innovative talents. This article focuses on teaching process of rehabilitation medicine, and how to run research ideas through each sections of rehabilitation medicine. Research ideas begins with teaching, shaped in clinical practice, and being applied for clinical work. That is just the right thinking for cultivating outstanding medical specialists in the 21st century.

Along with the rapid development of globalization,the international medical aid enterprise is drawing more and more attention with its bright humanitarianism standpoint,non-national boundary,and non-political orientation characteristics.From the angle of medical ethics,this article encloses ethical issues and contradictions in realistic international medical service aid,reflects on relevant ethical principles,and comes up with feasible countermeasures to solve current problems.