[Objective] To identify the ABO blood group of a patient with rare B antigen-specific autoantibody with cold agglutinin, and evaluate the effect of blood transfusion. [Methods] Red blood cells of patient were washed with 37℃ physiological saline and treated with sulfhydryl reagent. ABO blood group antigen was detected by tube method and microcolumn gel method. After the cold agglutinin was removed by EDTA anticoagulant plasma absorbed by type O red blood cells at 4℃, the related blood group antibodies were detected by type B red blood cells absorbing and releasing liquid at 4℃. The blood transfusion effect of patients was evaluated by the changes of hemoglobin before and after transfusion, and their ABO blood group was continuously monitored. [Results] B antigen was detected in the positive setting of serological experiment, cold agglutinin was detected by absorption and elution of type O red blood cells, and anti-B antibody was detected by absorption and elution of type B red blood cells. That is, there was specific autoantibody against B antigen, and the antibody property was IgM. No adverse reactions occurred during the infusion of 3 U type O washed red blood cells and the infusion was effective. The patient was continuously followed for two months, and the forward and reverse blood group identification were consistent, both of which were type B. [Conclusion] According to the previous blood group identification results, serological identification and follow-up comprehensive analysis, the ABO blood group of the patient is type B, but there are transient high titer cold agglutinin and B antigen-specific autoantibodies.

Autologous blood donation is an important strategy of blood conservation. The Administrative Measures for the Clinical Use of Blood in Medical Institutions (Order No. 85 of the National Health Commission) requires medical institutions to promote the implementation of autologous blood donation actively. The clinical practice guidelines for patient blood management also recommend the proactive use of autologous blood donation to reduce the reliance on allogeneic blood. Preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD) is one of the autologous blood donation with wide range of indications, easy to operate, and can effectively reduce the transfusion of allogeneic blood. However, the performance of PABD in China is unsatisfactory due to various factors such as the patient composition of medical institutions, the implementation of outpatient department of blood transfusion, the level of attention paid to this issue, and the fact that traditional PABD do not meet clinical requirements. Therefore, improving the PABD model and exploring new PABD technology, as well as promoting their clinical application, are critical measures to meet the development requirements of patient blood management and to alleviate the shortage of blood supply. This article summarizes the improvements in the PABD model, and a novel PABD technology of PABD—preoperative deep apheresis of autologous red blood cells and/or platelets (deep apheresis autologous blood storage technology), and the current situation of clinical application of PABD to provide paradigm for clinical transfusion.

Inherited thrombocytopenia refers to a group of rare hereditary disorders characterized by a sustained reduction in platelet count. Different genetic mutations are associated with diverse clinical manifestations and prognoses, with certain mutations even predisposing to hematological malignancies. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled efficient identification of pathogenic variants in relevant genes, significantly advancing research progress, and numerous genes have been implicated in these disorders. This review expands the scope of relevant genes, refines the classification mechanism, and is not limited to a single population compared to previous research. It focuses on elucidating the genetic etiology and pathological mechanisms of inherited thrombocytopenia, while highlighting the critical role of identifying germline mutations in achieving precise diagnosis.

Thrombocytopenia 2 (THC2) is an autosomal dominant hematologic disorder caused by germline mutations in the ANKRD26 gene, characterized primarily by persistent thrombocytopenia and a predisposition to myeloid neoplasms. Owing to nonspecific clinical presentation and limited disease awareness, THC2 is frequently underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, potentially leading to inappropriate interventions. This article systematically outlines the clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and strategies for the precise diagnosis and treatment of THC2, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for its clinical management and for the in-depth investigation of its pathogenesis.

Inherited thrombocytopenia (IT) is a group of rare hereditary platelet disorders characterized by reduced platelet counts and, sometimes accompanied by platelet dysfunction. This review comprehensively summarizes various cell models used in IT research, which are derived from different sources, including patient-derived primary cells (such as megakaryocytes, platelets, and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells), stem cell lines (encompassing both adult and pluripotent stem cells), and immortalized megakaryocyte cell lines derived from tumor cells. These cell models provide an indispensable research platform for in-depth exploration of the pathogenesis of IT, screening of potential therapeutic drugs, and evaluation of drug efficacy. Additionally, this review delves into the research progress of utilizing gene editing technologies to simulate IT-causing mutations and their pathogenic mechanisms, and summarizes the application prospects and challenges of in vitro cell models in the field of IT research.

Objective:To construct a new thrombus risk assessment model and evaluate its predictive ability for venous thromboembolism(VTE)in the patients with malignant tumors,and to provide the basis for the early predition of the malignant tumor patients with high risk for VTE.Methods:A total of 128 untreated malignant tumor patients were included,of which 40 were diagnosed with VTE within 2 months of malignant tumor diagnosis and categorized as VTE group.A total of 88 patients who did not develop VTE were categorized as non-VTE group.The clinical risk factors and laboratory indicators of the patients in two groups were compared and analyzed;the types of thrombotic events of the patients were analyzed;the diagnostic values of thrombin-antithrombin-complex(TAT),α2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complex(PIC),D-dimer(D-dimer),and fibrin degradation products(FDP)in malignant tumors complicated by VTE were assessed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis;Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlations of the clinical risk factors and biomarkers with the malignant tumors complicated with VTE.A new thrombus risk assessment model was constructed,consisting of TAT≥0.70 μg·L-1,poor differentiation,and cardiovascular risk factors.The predictive probability of the model for malignant tumors complicated by VTE was evaluated based on the significance,goodness of fit,calibration curve,and C value of the model.The clinical application value of the new thrombus risk assessment model,COMPASS-CAT risk score(CRS),and Khorana risk score(KRS)in assessing malignant tumor patients complicated by VTE was compared using the C value and decision curve analysis(DCA).Results:The plasma levels of TAT(P＜0.001),PIC(P＜0.001),D-dimer(P＜0.05),and FDP(P＜0.01)of the patients in VTE group were higher than those in non-VTE group.Compared with the patients without cardiovascular risk factors,poor differentiation,and lymphatic metastasis,the malignant tumor patients with cardiovascular risk factors(P＜0.001),poor differentiation(P＜0.001),and lymphatic metastasis(P＜0.05)were more likely to develop VTE.Most VTE events(65％)were isolated deep vein thromboembolism(DVT).The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC),sensitivity,and specificity of TAT and PIC were higher than those of D-dimer and FDP.TAT≥0.70 μg·L-1(P＜0.05),poor differentiation(P＜0.01),and cardiovascular risk factors(P＜0.01)were the independent risk factors for VTE in the malignant tumor patients.A new thrombus risk assessment model consisting of TAT≥0.70 μg·L-1,poor differentiation,and cardiovascular risk factors was constructed.The new risk assessment model had a high goodness of fit(P=0.805)and good predictive ability during internal validation(x2=75.266,P＜0.001).The ROC curve analysis results showed that the C values for the new thrombus risk prediction model,CRS,and KRS were 0.908,0.676,and 0.541,respectively.The DCA curve analysis results showed that the new thrombus risk assessment model had a higher net benefit rate compared with CRS and KRS.Conclusion:TAT and PIC have greater diagnostic efficiency than D-dimer in the early prediction of the malignant tumor patients with high-risk VTE.For the patients included in this study,the new thrombus risk assessment model,constructed from TAT≥0.70 μg·L-1,poor differentiation,and cardiovascular risk factors,has superior diagnostic efficiency and clinical predictive value compared with CRS and KRS.

Objective To observe the effect of different concentrations of glutamine(Gln)on the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer HT-29 cells and explore the possible mechanism.Methods According to different Gln concentrations,HT-29 cells at logarithmical growth were divided into control group(2 mmol/L,as the basal medium concentration group)and experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ(4,6 and 8 mmol/L).After a 2-hour pre-treatment,all groups were exposed to 8 Gy irradiation of a Co-60 radiation source.CCK-8 assay and clonal formation assay were used respectively to explore the effects of different Gln concentrations on cell viability and cell radiosensitivity after irradiation.The level of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in each group was measured in 24 h after irradiation,and the apoptotic rate was detected with flow cytometry in 48 h after irradiation.The protein expression levels of Nrf2,HO-1,and cleaved-Caspase3 were determined by Western blotting.Results In 24 h after Gln intervention,the cell viability of experimental groups Ⅱ and Ⅲof non-irradiated HT-29 cells was significantly higher than that of the control group and of experimental group Ⅰ(P＜0.05).In 24 h after radiation,the cell viability of each experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).In 14 d after radiation,there were more clone formation in each experimental group than the control group(P＜0.05).The ROS level was significantly lower in each experimental group than the control group in 24 h after radiation(P＜0.05).After 48 h of radiation,the apoptotic rate was notably lower in each experimental group than the control group(P＜0.05).The expression level of Nrf2 in the experimental group Ⅰ was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05),those of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the experimental groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were higher than those of the control group and experimental group Ⅰ(P＜0.05).While the expression of cleaved-Caspase3 in the experimental groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was lower than the control group and experimental group Ⅰ(P＜0.05),and it in the experimental group Ⅲ was lower than that of experimental group Ⅱ(P＜0.05).Conclusion Gln can significantly reduce the radiosensitivity of HT-29 cells,which is associated with its reducing oxidative stress damage and reducing cell apoptosis.Our results suggest that Gln might be detrimental to radiation therapy in patients with colorectal cancer.