Schizophrenia is a common chronic mental disorder.Cognitive dysfunction is one of its core symptoms,which severely affects the social functioning of patients.Currently,antipsychotic medication treatments have poor efficacy in improving cognitive functions.Recent studies have found that metformin can improve cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia.However,the mechanism of action remains unclear.This review summarizes the therapeutic effects of metformin on cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia patients such as improving insulin resistance,repairing neuronal damage,regulating neuroimmunity,and combating oxidative stress,thereby providing new insights for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Objective:To investigate the impact of group-based rehabilitation exercise on motor and non-movement symptoms of Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods:A total of 88 patients from out-patient and in-patient services at our hospital were randomly assigned to an early exercise group(E-EG), a late exercise group(L-EG), and a control group(CG)using a randomized delayed-start design.Patients in the E-EG carried out a rigorous, formal group exercise program, one hour per session, twice per week, for 18 months(May 2018-November 2019). Patients in the L-EG took part in the exercise program in the final 6-12 months of the study.We assessed outcomes using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS), Parkinson's disease questionnaire-39(PDQ-39 Q), trail-making test part A & B, nine-hole peg test(9-HPT), 30 second sit to stand test(30s SST), 10 m walk test(10 m W), mini-balance evaluation systems test(Mini-BEST), Fullerton Advanced Balance(FAB)Scale and time up and go(TUG)test.Results:Compared with pre-exercise levels, patients with PD in the E-EG had lower performance in UPDRS(17.5±8.3 vs.20.0±8.6, t=-2.2, P=0.02)and lower performance in PDQ-39(27.2±2.1 vs.29.0±9.8, t=-2.6, P=0.001)after exercise.Moreover, compared with pre-exercise levels, patients with PD in the E-EG showed decreased post-exercise performance in trail-making test part B(114.2±25.5 vs.129.8±28.4, t=-2.3, P=0.02)and in 9-HPT(33.7±7.3 vs.39.6±9.3, t=-2.6, P=0.001). Conclusions:The practice of group-based rehabilitation exercise can improve movement abilities and quality of life in PD patients, especially if implemented early.Targeted rehabilitation exercise should be taken as part of the treatment strategy for PD patients as early as possible to deliver the best benefits.

Antipsychotic medications are commonly used to treat schizophrenia,but they can have negative effects on lipid metabolism,leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases,reduced life expectancy,and difficulties with treatment adherence.The specific mechanisms by which antipsychotics disrupt lipid metabolism are not well understood.Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins(SREBPs)are important transcriptional factors that regulate lipid metabolism.Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9),a gene regulated by SREBPs,plays a critical role in controlling levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and has become a focus of research on lipid-lowering drugs.Recent studies have shown that antipsychotic drugs can affect lipid metabolism through the SREBP/PCSK9 pathway.A deep understanding of the mechanism for this pathway in antipsychotic drug-related metabolic abnormalities will promote the prevention of lipid metabolism disorders in patients with schizophrenia and the development and application of new drugs.

Objective:To investigate an accurate and quantitative method to measure the eyeball morphological parameters of guinea pigs through a method that combines programmed digital techniques and mathematical geometric principles.Methods:Twenty-two three-week-old clean-grade male tricolor guinea pigs were selected and sacrificed by anesthesia overdose.Eyeballs were enucleated.The horizontal and sagittal images of the eyeball were taken with the high-speed photographic model of 13 million pixels macro meter, and the pictures were imported into pycharm programming software.Using the pre-written analysis program of Python 3.9, the conversion coefficient between the photo pixel and the actual length was obtained by a scale, and then the corneal surface was fitted by arc fitting and conic curve fitting.The results of arc fitting were converted to calculate the corneal radius of curvature.The corneal eccentricity was calculated according to the general conic equation (Ax 2+ Bxy+ Cy 2+ Dx+ Ey+ F=0). The corneal asphericity was evaluated by curve fitting between the central 3-mm and the whole cornea.The use and care of the animals complied with Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (No.2022-A009-01). Results:The digital method of Python programming can show the corneal contour of guinea pigs completely and clearly.In the transverse plane, there was no significant difference in the corneal curvature measurements among the digital fitting in central 3-mm cornea, digital fitting in whole cornea and curvature meter ( F=1.693, P=0.190). In the sagittal plane, there was a significant difference in the corneal curvature measurements among the three methods ( F=3.500, P=0.030), and the corneal curvature measurements of the whole cornea measured by the curvature meter were significantly greater than those measured by the digital fitting ( P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the measurements of corneal curvature radius among the three methods in the transverse plane and the sagittal plane ( F=1.817, P=0.170; F=2.050, P=0.133). The horizontal and sagittal corneal eccentricity measured by digital fitting in central 3-mm cornea were 0.55±0.15 and 0.53±0.17, which were lower than 0.66±0.10 and 0.64±0.14 measured by digital fitting in whole cornea, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=-4.860, -5.210; both at P<0.01). Conclusions:It is feasible to use Python programming digital method to measure the corneal curvature and eccentricity of guinea pigs.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are essential parts of tumor stroma. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), overexpressed in CAFs, is closely related to tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, immunosuppression and prognosis, which is a vital target for tumor targeted diagnosis and therapy. In recent years, a variety of new radiolabeled quinoline-based FAP inhibitors (FAPIs) have been used for tumor targeted diagnostic and therapeutic research. A number of studies have confirmed that radiolabeled FAPIs plays an important role in tumor diagnosis, staging and treatment, which have a good clinical application prospect. This review summarizes the research status of radiolabeled FAPIs and discusses their potential in the accurate diagnosis and therapy of tumors.

Objective:To investigate the types of cervical epithelial cells and the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection subtypes of 7 646 women specimens in Anhui province, and provide evidence for cervical cancer prevention.Methods:Thinprep cytologic test (TCT) and flow fluorescence hybridization technique were used to detect cervical epithelial lesions and HPV subtypes.Results:The total positive rate for TCT was 20.25%, and the positive rate was the highest in ≥ 60 age group (28.41%), followed by 10 to ≤ 19 age group (26.32%). The atypical squamous cells-undetermined significance (ASC-US), cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) and HSIL positive rates were the highest in the ≥60 age group, and the low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) positive rate was highest in the 10-19 age group. The proportion of patients with 40-49 age group was the highest, and that of ≥60 age group was the highest. The single infection rate of different cervical epithelial cell lesions was higher than that of multiple infection rates. As the deepening degree of the lesion, the high-risk single infection rate of HPV showed a increasing trend from ASCUS, LSIL, ASC-H to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL); The common subtypes of HPV infection in negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) are 52, 16, 58, 53 and 6. The common subtypes of ASCUS are 52, 16, 53, 58 and 51. The common subtypes of ASC-H are 18, 58 and16. LSIL common subtypes are 16, 52, 56, 58, 53 and 66, HSIL common subtypes are16, 58, 33, 52 and 59 type.Conclusions:The high risk and single genotypes of infection were dominant in different cervical epithelial cell lesions in Anhui. Women who aged ≥60 should pay attention and regularly undergo HPV testing and cervical cancer screening. The HPV infection subtypes of different cervical epithelial cell lesions are different, and the common subtypes are HPV52, 16, 58, 53, among which types 16, 58 and 33 are common infection subtypes detected in different lesions.

At present, there still exist some limitations in the laparoscopic surgery robot represented by da Vinci surgical robot, such as the lack of force feedback function. Doctor can not feel the force feedback while operating. In this paper, a new minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery robot system is designed. Based on the master side surgeon's console, stereo vision subsystem and the slave side surgical cart, the multi-dimensional instrument force feedback technology and force feedback based safety protection strategy are introduced. The design realizes the force sensing function of full state operation. Besides, a number of different live pig experiments are carried out. The amount of bleeding in these experiments is relatively small compared with the data of the same kind of surgical robots, which effectively validates the force feedback and surgical safety protection strategies of the new robot system.
Animals ; Equipment Design ; Laparoscopy ; instrumentation ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Robotic Surgical Procedures ; instrumentation ; Robotics ; Swine

To design and synthesize photosensitizers with different substituents and to identify its physicochemical characteritics and photodynamic effect on cancer cells.Two kinds of BODIPY photosensitizers BPOI and BPCI were synthesized through condensation reaction between aldehyde and reactive hydrogen of pyrrole, followed with electrophilic substitution reaction. Physicochemical properties were characterized byH NMR, FT-IR and UV-visible absorption spectra and fluorescence emission spectra. The ability to produce reactive oxygen species was detected by BPDF and DCFH-DA. Photodynamic therapy effect on rat glioma C6 cellswas determined by MTT method.Two kinds of BODIPY photosensitizers BPOI and BPCI were successfully synthesized with different substituents, which were confirmed byH NMR, FT-IR. Both materials had low toxicity and could be readily taken up by tumor cells. The ability of synthesized photosensitizers to produce reactive oxygen species was strongly influenced by solvent polarity when the substituent was electron-donating group, while no effect was found when the substituent was electron-withdrawing group.Photosensitizer BPOI with electron-donating substituent produces reactive oxygen species with a slow rate in a highly polar environment, while greatly enhanced this effect in a low polarity environment, which is expected to be used for environmental-selective photodynamic therapy in tumor cells.

AIM To develop an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of berberine hydrochloride,jatrorrhizine hydrochloride,palmatine hydrochloride,kaempferol,luteolin and apigenin in Qingre Zhili Pills (Berberidis Radix and Portulacae Herba).METHODS The analysis of methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 35 ℃ thermostatic Agilent TC-C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-0.02％ potassium dihydrogen phosphate flowing at 0.9 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelengths were set at 265 nm and 360 nm.RESULTS Six constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r≥0.999 3),whose average recoveries were 97.16％-99.90％ with the RSDs of 0.62％-1.48％.CONCLUSION This simple method can be used for the rapid quality control of Qingre Zhili Pills.

Objective:To design and synthesize photosensitizers with different substituents and to identify its physicochemical characteritics and photodynamic effect on tumor cells.Methods:Two kinds of BODIPY photosensitizers BPOI and BPCI were synthesized through condensation reaction between aldehyde and reactive hydrogen of pyrrole,followed with electrophilic substitution reaction.Physicochemical properties were characterized by 1H NMR,FT-IR and UV-visible absorption spectra and fluorescence emission spectra.The ability to produce reactive oxygen species was detected by BPDF and DCFH-DA.Photodynamic therapy effect on rat glioma C6 cells in vitro was determined by MTT method.Results:Two kinds of BODIPY photosensitizers BPOI and BPCI were successfully synthesized with different substituents,which were confirmed by 1H NMR,FT-IR.Both materials had low toxicity and could be readily taken up by tumor cells.The ability of synthesized photosensitizers to produce reactive oxygen species was strongly influenced by solvent polarity when the substituent belongs to electron-donating group,while no effect was found when the substituent belongs to electron-withdrawing group.Conclusion:Photosensitizer BPOI with electron-donating substituent produces reactive oxygen species with a slow rate in a highly polar environment,while the ability to produce reactive oxgen is greatly improved in a low polarity environment,which is expected to be used for environmental-selective photodynamic therapy in tumor cells.