OBJECTIVE: To compare the applicability of two risk assessment methods for occupational health risk assessment in enterprises with 1-bromopropane(1-BP) production and utilization. METHODS: Three enterprises with 1-BP production and utilization were selected as the research subjects by a typical sampling method. The exposure concentration of time-weighted average of 1-BP-exposed in worker was detected. The non-carcinogenic health risk of 1-BP was assessed using the USA Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) inhalation risk(EPA assessment model) and the Ministry of Manpower of Singapore(MOM assessment model), and the results were compared. RESULTS: When the EPA method was used for the assessment, the risk assessment results of the four posts in the manufacturing enterprises were all negligible. In the enterprises that use 1-BP, the posts of cleaning machine B and clamping were of medium risk and the other four posts were of low risk based on the occupational exposure limit(OEL) in China used as the reference exposure concentration(RfC). When the 24-hour minimal risk level of USA Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry was used as the RfC, the posts of cleaning machine B and clamping were of extreme high risk; the posts in cleaning machine A and checking were of high risk; the post in the cleaning machine D was of medium risk and the post of cleaning machine C was of low risk. When the MOM assessment model was used for evaluation, the four posts were of low risk in the 1-BP production enterprises. In the enterprises that use 1-BP, the posts of cleaning machine B and clamping were of high risk; the posts of cleaning machine A, cleaning machine D and checking were of medium risk; and the post of cleaning machine C was of low risk. CONCLUSION: When the OEL value is used for risk assessment, the MOM assessment method is more suitable than the EPA assessment method to assess occupational health risks of 1-BP.

Objective To evaluate the effect of malaria elimination monitoring in Liyang City, so as to provide the evidence for formulating control strategies and measures of malaria elimination. Methods The monitoring data about the epidemic situation, blood tests of feverish patients and epidemiology investigation of individual malaria patients in Liyang City from 2010 to 2016 were collected and analyzed by the descriptive epidemiology method. Results From 2010 to 2016, there were 67 malaria cases in total. Totally 39 196 feverish patients had blood tests for Plasmodium, and 65 of them showed positive and the positive rate was 0.17%. The other 2 cases of microscopy negative were treated with anti-malarial drugs by themselves after the onset of fever, and no Plasmodium was detected in the microscopy, but the tests with malaria rapid diagnostic kit (RDTs) were positive. Among all the 67 cases, there were 49 falciparum malaria cases, 13 ovale malaria cases and 5 vivax malaria cases. All the 67 malaria cases were imported, and the number of cases from Africa was 63 (94.03%). Totally 97.01% (65/67) of the malaria patients were male and most of them were young adults. The patients aged 30 to 49 years accounted for 73.13% (49/67) and 80.60% (54/67) of them were farmers. There were malaria cases in all the 10 towns of the city, and the time of onset had no obvious seasonal characteristics. The timely rate of case report, timely rate of blood film review, standardized treatment rate, epidemiological case investigation rate, and epidemic focus investigation and disposal rate were all 100%. There were 18 076 people with the active case investigation, but no malaria parasite positive carriers were found. The mosquito vector monitoring was performed with the methods of mosquito trap lamp and human bait half night trap, and 187 and 78 Anopheles mosquitoes were captured respectively, and all the parasites were Anopheles sinensis. A total of 88 person-times were performed for the Plasmodium examinations with microscopy and RDTs (one blood sample, two detections) in Liyang City Center for Disease Prevention and Control from 2012 to 2016, and 35 person-times were positive, including 28 person-times of Plasmodium falciparum and 7 person-times of P. ovale, and there was no statistically significant difference between the detection rates of P. falciparum, and P. ovale (adjusted χ² = 0.05, P > 0.05). There were 34 RDTs positive cases, including 14 cases of malignant malaria, and 17 cases of malignant malaria or mixed infections of P. falciparum with other three kinds of Plasmodium parasites, and 3 cases of single infection or mixed infections of other three kinds of Plasmodium parasites, and there was a statistically significant difference among them in the positive RDTs detection rates (adjusted χ² = 13.75, P < 0.05). Conclusions There are still imported malaria cases and there is the risk of malaria retransmission in Liyang City. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the malaria surveillance work and the management of infectious sources, so as to consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination in the future.

The aim of this study is to apply 3D printing technology to hospital drug dosing operations, and explore its feasibility and scalability. Drugs often dosed in hospitals are selected as models. The commercially available drug was ground into powder, diluted with medicinal excipients and then mixed with 75% ethanol and binder to prepare a paste for 3D printing. The dose and physicochemical properties of divided tablets were controlled by setting print parameters and printing models in computer software. Different 3D printers were employed to evaluate the impact of the device on the dosing tablet. Two drugs were dosed in this study to explore the scalability of 3D printing technology between different drugs. The drug content of the three divided dose tablets (warfarin sodium 1 mg, 2 mg, hydrochlorothiazide 5 mg) was 1.02±0.03, 1.96±0.01, 5.19±0.06 mg. The content uniformity was 1.0, 5.3, 2.6, respectively. The drug dissolution rate was (99.3±1.2)%, (101.5±0.3)%, (98.1±0.8)% in 45, 45 and 30 min. The mechanical properties of the three sub-doses and the stability within 30 days were in line with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015) requirements. At the same time, it was found that the printing parameters and prescriptions can affect the properties of the divided dose tablets. By controlling the dilution ratio of commercial drug and printing parameters, the drug release rate can be customized to achieve individualized treatment. Both different modes of 3D printers can produce qualified sub-doses, and 3D print dispensing technology was also versatile between the two drugs. 3D printing can prepare small-volume, high-precision, high-repetition dosing tablets, with all properties in compliance with pharmacopoeia regulations. Thus, this method can be used as a new and scalable sub-dosing method.

Objective: To compare the clinical effects of transperitoneal (Tp) versus extraperitoneal (Ep) robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, CNKI, and CBM for the articles comparing the clinical effect Tp-RARP with that of Ep-RARP in the treatment of localized prostate cancer published from January 2000 to November 2016. All the articles must meet the inclusion criteria, that is, dealing with at least one of the following aspects: operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative catheterization time, length of bed confinement, perioperative complications, positive surgical margins, bowel-related complications, postoperative anastomotic leakage, and postoperative urinary continence. We subjected the data obtained to statistical analysis using the RevMan5.3 software. RESULTS: Two randomized controlled trials and six case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis, involving 451 cases of Tp-RARP and 676 cases of Ep-RARP. Compared with Tp-RARP, Ep-RARP showed significantly shorter operation time (WMD = 21.39, 95% CI: 7.54－35.24, P = 0.002), shorter length of bed confinement (WMD = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.61－1.09, P <0.001), and lower rate of bowel-related complications (RR = 9.74, 95% CI: 3.26－29.07, P <0.001). However, no statistically significant differences were found between the two strategies in intraoperative blood loss (WMD = －8.12, 95% CI: －27.86－11.63, P = 0.42), postoperative catheterization time (WMD = 0.17, 95% CI: －0.55－0.21, P = 0.38), or the rates of perioperative complications (RR = 1.34, 95% CI: －0.97－1.87, P = 0.08), positive surgical margins (RR = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.95－1.61, P = 0.12), anastomotic leakage (RR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.46－2.10, P = 0.95), urinary continence at 3 months (RR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.91－1.00, P = 0.05) and urinary continence at 6 months (RR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.97－1.02, P = 0.82). CONCLUSIONS Ep-RARP has the advantages of shorter operation time, shorter length of bed confinement and lower rate of bowel-related complications over Tp-RARP, and therefore may be a better option for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. However, more multi-centered randomized controlled clinical trials are needed for further evaluation of these two approaches.
Blood Loss, Surgical ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Margins of Excision ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; Prostatectomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Robotic Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the effects of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 on expression of mechano growth factor (MGF). Methods In the experimental group, TNF-α and IL-6 at concentration of 25, 50, 100 ng/mL, or IL-1β at concentration of 2.5, 5.0, 10 ng/mL were applied to fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) for 12 hours. The inhibitor groups were pretreated with PKA pathway inhibitor KT5720 at concentration of 1.0 mmol for 1 hour. The control group remained under the same culture condition as the experimental group, but without any growth factor. Real-time PCR was used to measure the gene expression of MGF. Results Treated with TNF-α at concentration of 25 ng/mL and IL-1β at concentration of 10 ng/mL, the MGF expression in FLSs was significantly increased (P＜0.05). IL-6 had no effect on MGF expression. A specific inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, at concentration of 1.0 mmol significantly decreased the activation of MGF synthesis by TNF-α and IL-1β in FLSs (P＜0.05). Conclusions TNF-α at concentration of 25 ng/mL and IL-1β at concentration of 10 ng/mL significantly induce the MGF expression in FLSs, which activate MGF synthesis via the PKA pathway. This study is of significance in improving the application of MGF used in tissue repair area to make up the insufficient stress stimulation.

Objective To study the efficacy and safety of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH-a) combined with laparoscope conservative surgery in treatment of moderate or severe endometriosis.Methods From Jan.2007 to Jan.2010,68 patients with moderate or severe undergoing treatment in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were enrolled in this retrospective study.Three groups were classified,which were 25 patients in GnRH-a group,subcutaneous injection Leuprorelin on the second day of menstruation,every 4 weeks for 3 months.Twenty-three patients in Marvelon group,orally one marvelon tablet on the second day of menstruation,continuous 21 days for one period of treatment for 3 courses.Twenty patients in surgery group,without any medicine used preoperatively.All patients were followed by 12 months and compare their surgery time,blood loss,recovery,visual analog scale (VAS),and recurrence and so on.Results The operating time were (68 ± 18) min in GnRH-a group,(80 ± 21) min in Marvelon group and (90± 24) min in surgery group.The amount of bleeding were (118 ± 15) ml in GnRh-a group,(161 ± 18) ml in Marvelon group and (193 ± 13) ml in surgery group.There was significant lower in the operating time and amount of bleeding in GnRH-a group than those in other two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The activity time and the anus exhaust time were shorter in patients in GnRh-a group than those in the other two groups significantly(P ＜ 0.05).When followed up in 12 months after treatment,visual analogue scale had dropped from 3.8 (1.9-6.8) to 1.9 (1.1-2.8) in GnRh-a group,from 2.7 (1.3-5.5) to 1.8 (1.2-3.2) in Marvelon group and from 1.9(1.0-4.9) to 1.6(1.0-3.6) in surgery group.It was showed the most remarkable decreased VAS in GnRHa group when compared with the other two groups(P ＜ 0.05).The recurrence rates were 12％ (3/25) in GnRH-a group,22％ (5/23) in Marvelon group and 25 ％ (5/25) in surgery group.It was found that the most significant lower recurrence was in GnRH-a group when compared with the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions It was safe and efficacy that GnRH-a combined with laparoscopic conservative surgery were used in treatment of endometriosis.It could bring shorter operation time,less intraoperative blood loss,quick postoperative recover,the lower recurrence rate.

Objective To detect the expression of heparanase (HPA) in cervical cancer cells and investigate the impact of quercetin on the expression of HPA,and the molecular mechanism that quercetin inhibits the growth of cervical cancer cells.Methods The experimental groups included cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa and Caski) exposed to different concentrations of quercetin (20,40 and 80 μmol/L) in the culture medium.The control groups included a negative control group,which was cultured with RPMI 1640 only,and a positive control group,in which cervical cancer cells were transfected with HPA small interference RNA (siRNA) to silence HPA expression.The cellular expression levels of HPA were detected with fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis at 24,48 and 72 hours after treatment.Results (1) HPA was significantly expressed in both cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa and Caski),and it exists both nucleus and cytoplasm.(2)The real-time PCR shows as follows:as the quercetin concentration increased (20,40 and 80 μmol/L),the mRNA expression level of HPA decreased (P ＜0.01),in which the inhibition of HPA expression was concentration dependent.In addition,the inhibition of HPA expression was also time dependent.As time growth,the expression level of HPA mRNA (24,48 and 72 hours) in HeLa and Caski cells decreased (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with negative control group,the expression level of HPA mRNA decreased in different concentrations of quercetin (40 and 80 μmol/L) in both HeLa and Caski cells (all P ＜ 0.05) ; Compared with positive control group,the expression level of HPA mRNA expressed no obvious difference in quercetin (80 μmol/L) group (P ＞ 0.05) in HeLa cells,while it was opposite in Caski cells(P ＜0.01).(3)The result of western blot shown that,as the quercetin concentration increased(20,40 and 80 μmol/L)and time growth (24,48 and 72 hours),the expression level of HPA protein decreased (P ＜ 0.01),and the inhibition of HPA protein expression was concentration and time dependent.Compared with negative control group,the expression level of HPA protein decreased in different concentrations of quercetin (40 and 80 μmol/L) in both HeLa and Caski cells (all P ＜ 0.05) ;Conpared with positive control group,the expression level of HPA protein expressed no obvious difference in quercetin (80 μmol/L) group (all P ＞ 0.05) in both HeLa cells and Caski cells (all P＞0.05).Conclusion Quercetin could inhibits the expression of HPA in cervical carcinoma cell lines,which inhibition is concentration and time dependent.

OBJECTIVETo study the possible clonal origin of neuroendocrine cells in colorectal adenocarcinoma.

METHODSTwenty-six microsatellite loci were screened using laser capture microdissection, DNA extraction and whole genome amplification. Microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in adenocarcinoma cells and neuroendocrine cells amongst 30 cases of colorectal carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation were detected using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP)-silver staining. The mutation status of p53 was evaluated by PCR-sequencing. The clonal origin of neuroendocrine cells in colorectal adenocarcinoma was determined.

RESULTSAmongst the 30 cases studied, the prevalence of MSI was 16.9% while that of LOH was 8.5%. The rate showed no statistically significant difference between adenocarcinoma cells and neuroendocrine cells. In 6 cases, the microsatellite alteration was entirely consistent. In 23 cases, the rate of microsatellite alteration consistency was greater than that of inconsistency. In 1 case, the consistency and inconsistency rates were identical. There was statistically significant difference between consistency and inconsistency of microsatellite alteration. The prevalence of p53 mutation was 16.7% which was the same for both adenocarcinoma cells and neuroendocrine cells.

CONCLUSIONSAdenocarcinoma cells and neuroendocrine cells in colorectal adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation have similar biologic changes. It is likely that they are of identical origin.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; pathology ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Humans ; Laser Capture Microdissection ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Microsatellite Instability ; Neuroendocrine Cells ; pathology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics

BACKGROUNDPrecise evaluation of the live donor's liver is the most important factor for the donor's safety and the recipient's prognosis in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Our study assessed the clinical value of computer-assisted three-dimensional quantitative assessment and a surgical planning tool for donor evaluation in LDLT.

METHODSComputer-assisted three-dimensional (3D) quantitative assessment was used to prospectively provide quantitative assessment of the graft volume for 123 consecutive donors of LDLT and its accuracy and efficiency were compared with that of the standard manual-traced method. A case of reduced monosegmental LDLT was also assessed and a surgical planning tool displayed the precise surgical plan to avoid large-for-size syndrome.

RESULTSThere was no statistically significant difference between the detected graft volumes with computer-assisted 3D quantitative assessment and manual-traced approaches ((856.76 ± 162.18) cm(3) vs. (870.64 ± 172.54) cm(3), P = 0.796). Estimated volumes by either method had good correlation with the actual graft weight (r-manual-traced method: 0.921, r-3D quantitative assessment method: 0.896, both P < 0.001). However, the computer-assisted 3D quantitative assessment approach was significantly more efficient taking half the time of the manual-traced method ((16.91 ± 1.375) minutes vs. (39.27 ± 2.102) minutes, P < 0.01) to estimate graft volume. We performed the reduced monosegmental LDLT, a pediatric case, with the surgical planning tool (188 g graft in the operation, which was estimated at 208 cm(3) pre-operation). The recipient recovered without large-for-size syndrome.

CONCLUSIONSComputer-assisted 3D quantitative assessment provided precise evaluation of the graft volume. It also assisted surgeons with a better understanding of the hepatic 3D anatomy and was useful for the individual surgical planning tool.

Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; In Vitro Techniques ; Liver ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Liver Transplantation ; Living Donors ; Organ Size ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective Design and synthesize short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vector of RNA for specific silencing of heparanase (HPA) gene,screened plasmid which silence effects is the best.Observe the function of ceil invasion after inhibiting the expression of HPA in cervical carcinoma cell lines (HeLa).Methods The genomic sequence of HPA gene was retrieved from GenBank database.Designed four pairs of specific oligonucleotide sequences and a negative control according to the shRNA design principles.They were inserted into the vector pYr-1.1,vectors,and transfected into HeLa cells via lipofectamine.Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and immunofluorescence were employed to detect the expression of HPA gene in the transfected cells at the mRNA and protein levels,respectively.The plasmid were screened and transfected into HeLa cells,then transwell small room stromal invasion experiment were employed to observe the cervical carcinoma cell invasion.Results RT-PCR results of transfected HeLa cells shown that the mRNA amplification multiples were 0.54 ±0.05 in the HPA-592 group,0.89 ±0.18 in HPA-995 group,0.82 ±0.22 in the HPA-1351 group,0.91 ±0.47 in HPA-1658 group.While,they were 1.31 ±0.72 and 1.09 ±0.16 in negative control and blank control group,respectively.Green fluorescence was visible in the cytoplasm,which indicated that the HPA protein was expressed in the cytoplasm,of them the weakest green fluorescence in the HPA-592 group.The relative numbers of invasive cells among the HeLa cells were as follows:182 ±6 in the blank control group,258 ± 17 in the negative control group,and 44 ± 4 in the HPA-592-specific interference group(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Successfully screened shRNA vector targeting human HPA,efficiently inhibit expression of HPA gene when transfected into HeLa cells,and significantly reduced the invasion capacity of cervical carcinoma cells.