Lung cancer is the second commonly diagnosed cancer and remained the leading cause of cancer-related death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths in 2020. The identification of driver gene mutation and administration of corresponding tyrosine kinase inhibitor have improved overall survival and quality of life in advanced lung cancer patients. Check point inhibitor has revolutionized treatment strategy of driver gene negative advanced NSCLC patients. TNM staging system is the most widely used classification method, providing an international common language during academic communication and important tool for predicting prognosis and subsequent treatment decision making. Accumulating knowledge about prognostic factors in lung cancer promotes the update of TNM classification. In the World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) held in Singapore, September, 2023, International Association for Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) released the forthcoming 9 th edition of TNM classification for lung cancer, which is supposed to be adopted at January, 2024. The manuscript discussed the history, data resource and limitation of the TNM staging system.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with lower cervical fracture is often categorized into unstable fracture, with a high incidence of neurological injury and a high rate of disability and morbidity. As factors such as shoulder occlusion may affect the accuracy of X-ray imaging diagnosis, it is often easily misdiagnosed at the primary diagnosis. Non-operative treatment has complications such as bone nonunion and the possibility of secondary neurological damage, while the timing, access and choice of surgical treatment are still controversial. Currently, there are no clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture with or without dislocation. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts to formulate Clinical guidelines for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis combined with lower cervical fracture in adults ( version 2024) in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine, scientificity and practicality, in which 11 recommendations were put forward in terms of the diagnosis, imaging evaluation, typing and treatment, etc, to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture.

Objective To investigate the incidence rate,clinical characteristics,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen,China.Methods Led by Shenzhen Children's Hospital,the Shenzhen Neonatal Data Collaboration Network organized 21 institutions to collect 36 cases of neonatal stroke from January 2020 to December 2022.The incidence,clinical characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen were analyzed.Results The incidence rate of neonatal stroke in 21 hospitals from 2020 to 2022 was 1/15 137,1/6 060,and 1/7 704,respectively.Ischemic stroke accounted for 75％(27/36);boys accounted for 64％(23/36).Among the 36 neonates,31(86％)had disease onset within 3 days after birth,and 19(53％)had convulsion as the initial presentation.Cerebral MRI showed that 22 neonates(61％)had left cerebral infarction and 13(36％)had basal ganglia infarction.Magnetic resonance angiography was performed for 12 neonates,among whom 9(75％)had involvement of the middle cerebral artery.Electroencephalography was performed for 29 neonates,with sharp waves in 21 neonates(72％)and seizures in 10 neonates(34％).Symptomatic/supportive treatment varied across different hospitals.Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment was performed for 12 neonates(33％,12/36),with a mean score of(32±4)points.The prognosis of 27 neonates was followed up to around 12 months of age,with 44％(12/27)of the neonates having a good prognosis.Conclusions Ischemic stroke is the main type of neonatal stroke,often with convulsions as the initial presentation,involvement of the middle cerebral artery,sharp waves on electroencephalography,and a relatively low neurodevelopment score.Symptomatic/supportive treatment is the main treatment method,and some neonates tend to have a poor prognosis.

Aim To investigate the effect of quercetin(Que)on podocyte inflammatory injury and the under-lying mechanism.Methods MPC5 cells were divided into normal glucose group(NG),mannitol group(MA),high glucose group(HG)and high glucose+quercetin group(HG+Que).Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometry.The expression of SIRT1,STAT3,apoptosis-related proteins(Bax,Bcl-2,caspase-3)and pyroptosis pro-tein GSDME was detected by Western blot.The ex-pression levels of inflammatory factors(IL-6,TNF-α,IL-18,IL-1β)in cell supernatants were detected by ELISA.Then small interfering RNA technology was used to knockdown SIRT1 expression.To further eval-uate the biological significance of SIRT1 in response to high glucose and Que treatment,negative control group(HG+si-NC+Que)and SIRT1 interference group(HG+si-SIRT1+Que)were added in the presence of high glucose and Que.Results Compared with the high glucose group,40 μmol·L-1 Que could alleviate the apoptosis of MPC5 cells induced by high glucose,decrease the expression of apoptosis related protein Bax and caspase-3,as well as increase the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2;ELISA results showed that Que could decrease the expression of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1 β and IL-18 induced by high glucose.Mechanical-ly,Que could alleviate the inhibitory effect of high glu-cose on the expression of SIRT1,and further decrease the activation of STAT3 and N-GSDME,and inhibit pyroptosis.Compared with the si-NC group,si-SIRT1 group could reverse the protective effect of Que on the high glucose induced inflammatory damage of podo-cytes,the expression of apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 increased,while the expression of anti-apop-totic protein Bcl-2 decreased.At the same time,the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1 βand IL-18 in supernatants increased,and the expres-sion of STAT3 and N-GSDME increased.Conclusion Que could inhibit pyroptosis and relieve the inflam-matory damage of podocytes through SIRT1/STAT3/GSDME pathway.

Lung cancer is the second commonly diagnosed cancer and remained the leading cause of cancer-related death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths in 2020. The identification of driver gene mutation and administration of corresponding tyrosine kinase inhibitor have improved overall survival and quality of life in advanced lung cancer patients. Check point inhibitor has revolutionized treatment strategy of driver gene negative advanced NSCLC patients. TNM staging system is the most widely used classification method, providing an international common language during academic communication and important tool for predicting prognosis and subsequent treatment decision making. Accumulating knowledge about prognostic factors in lung cancer promotes the update of TNM classification. In the World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) held in Singapore, September, 2023, International Association for Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) released the forthcoming 9 th edition of TNM classification for lung cancer, which is supposed to be adopted at January, 2024. The manuscript discussed the history, data resource and limitation of the TNM staging system.

Objective To investigate whether the combination of conventional respiratory training and articulatory visual feedback training can improve respiratory function and diaphragmatic function in stroke patients.Methods This single-blind randomized controlled trial recruited a total of 30 stroke patients who were admitted to Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,from Nov 2022 to Aug 2023,and divided them into two groups:a experimental group(n=15)and a control group(n=15).The experimental group received conventional respiratory training combined with articulatory visual feedback training,and the control group received conventional respiratory training.The training in the 2 groups was conducted 5 times per week for 4 weeks.Results Both groups significantly improved in maximum inspiratory pressure(MIP),peak inspiratory flow(PIF),maximum phonation time(MPT),maximum counting ability(MCA),and peak expiratory flow(PEF)in each of the two groups improved significantly after training(P<0.05).After training,compared with the control group,the experimental group showed significant differences in MIP[(46.04±13.58)cmH2O vs.(63.46±16.96)cmH2O;P=0.004;95%CI:-28.91,-5.93;effect size(ES)=1.13],PIF[(144.00±43.81)L/min vs.(190.20±75.01)L/min;P=0.049;95%CI:-1.54,0;ES=0.75],MCA[(7.06±3.25)s vs.(10.30±4.89)s;P=0.041;95%CI:-6.34,-0.13;ES=0.77],forced vital capacity(FVC)[(1.74±0.76)L vs.(2.26±0.57)L;P=0.04;95%CI:-1.03,-0.03;ES=0.77],forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1)[(1.10±0.40)L vs.(1.60±0.50)L;P=0.004;95%CI:-0.85,-0.18;ES=1.1],and PEF[(83.40(55.80)L/min vs.171.12(94.80)L/min;P=0.012)].However,there were no statistically significant differences after training between the two groups in the maximum phonation time(MPT),vital capacity(VC),maximum voluntary ventilation(MVV),diaphragm mobility of the nonparetic side and paretic side,thickening fraction of the nonparetic side and paretic side.Conclusion Compared with conventional respiratory training alone,the combination of articulatory visual feedback training with conventional respiratory training is more effective in enhancing respiratory and lung function in stroke.

Both anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease and the anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) are common causes of pulmonary-renal syndrome. Organizing pneumonia (OP), a special pattern of interstitial lung disease, is extremely rare either in AAV or anti-GBM disease. We report an old woman presented with OP on a background of co-presentation with both ANCA and anti-GBM antibodies.
Female ; Humans ; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic ; Organizing Pneumonia ; Autoantibodies ; Glomerulonephritis ; Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease ; Pneumonia ; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis/complications*

The metabolism study of radiolabeled drugs plays an important role in the development of new drugs. It provides information on drug absorption, metabolism, tissue distribution and excretion, and plays an irreplaceable role in the metabolite safety evaluation and mass balance of new drugs. The new guidance draft on clinical trials of radiolabeled drugs recently released by the US FDA puts forward higher standards and has been widely concerned by the industry. In recent years, in the research and development of new drugs in China, ¹⁴C labeled drugs have been used to carry out clinical metabolism studies, which has overcome key technical bottlenecks and accumulated experience. This paper summarizes the above research progress, analyzes the existing problems, and preliminarily looks forward to the future technological development and application.

Abstract: Objective　To evaluate the potential transmission risk of schistosomiasis in Yunnan Province, and to provide strategic basis for the prevention and control. Methods　Based on the prevalence of schistosomiasis, the social and environmental factors that may lead to the epidemic, 1-3 villages from 3 provincial-level and 15 county-level counties (cities and districts) were selected as the evaluated villages in 2021. The risk of schistosomiasis spread was analyzed comprehensively by consulting, reviewing and collecting routine surveillance data of schistosomiasis in the villages, combined with snail and wild feces survey. The risk level was evaluated for the positive snails, positive wild feces, resident infection, average density of live snails and snail frame occurrence rate. Results　Totally 7 snail counties schistosomiasis transmission was blocked of 18 epidemic counties and the rest were eliminated counties. A total of 152 447 snail frames were investigated and 3 043 frames with snails, 15 895 snails were captured and included 15 727 live snails in the 32 evaluated villages. The total area of snail was 58.87 hm2 and the area of reoccurrence was 34.19 hm2 with snail frame occurrence rate of 2.00% and average density of live snails 0.103 2/0.11 m2, and no positive snails were found by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. A total of 1 374 wild feces were collected in 27 evaluated villages of 14 epidemic counties, mainly from cattle, dogs, sheep, equine animals, pigs and so on, all of which were negative. According to the risk assessment of epidemic spread, Yongle Village and Yongsheng Village in Eryuan County, Zhiming Village in Chuxiong City were Ⅱ risk, and the rest were Ⅲ risk. Conclusions　Although the risk of transmission is low in Yunnan Province, the risk of transmission and spread still exists. It is necessary to strengthen the risk monitoring, control of snail and effective management of livestock to prevent the rebound of the epidemic.

AIM: To investigate the effect of orthokeratology lens on ocular surface and meibomian gland in children and adolescents of different ages.METHODS: A total of 120 cases(240 eyes)of myopic children and adolescents treated in the optometry clinic of our hospital from December 2020 to February 2021 were retrospectively selected, and they were divided into the orthokeratology group(60 cases, 120 eyes)and the frame glasses group(60 cases, 120 eyes)according to the myopia correction methods. The changes in ocular surface and meibomian gland after wearing glasses were analyzed, and those changes in patients of different ages were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: Corneal curvature decreased, non-invasive tear film break-up time(NIBUT)shortened and meibomian gland score increased at 3, 6, 9 and 12mo in the orthokeratology group after wearing lens, while lower tear meniscus height increased at 6, 9 and 12mo compared with that before wearing lens. In the frame glasses group, the lower tear meniscus height was higher at 6 and 9mo than that before wearing glasses(both P<0.05). At the same time point, the corneal curvature of the orthokeratology group was significantly lower than that of the frame glasses group at all time points, the NIBUT at 3, 9 and 12mo after wearing the lens was shorter than that of the frame glasses group and the meibomian gland scores were higher at 6, 9 and 12mo than those at the same time point in the glasses group(all P<0.05). After wearing lens for 12mo, the corneal curvature of the orthokeratology group at all ages was significantly lower than that of the frame glasses group, the NIBUT of the orthokeratology group at 8 to 12 years old and 13 to 15 years old was significantly lower than that of the frame glasses group, and the meibomian gland score was significantly higher than that of the frame glasses group(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Orthokeratology lens may affect the ocular surface and meibomian glands function, and the effects on ocular surface are more pronounced in children and adolescents under 12 years old. Therefore, younger children and adolescents could be prioritized for myopia correction with framed glasses, and then wearing orthokeratology lens when they get older.