ObjectiveTo understand the infection characteristics of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in hospitalized patients in a tertiary sentinel hospital in Shanghai, so as to provide an evidence for the development of targeted prevention and control measures. MethodsData of MDROs strains and corresponding medical records of some hospitalized patients in a hospital in Shanghai from 2021 to 2023 were collected, together with an analysis of the basic information, clinical treatment, underlying diseases and sources of sample collection. ResultsA total of 134 strains of MDROs isolated from hospitalized patients in this hospital were collected from 2021 to 2023 , including 63 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 57 strains of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and 14 strains of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). Of the 134 strains, 30 strains were found in 2021, 47 strains in 2022 and 57 strains in 2023. The male-to-female ratio of patients was 2.05∶1, with the highest percentage (70.90%) in the age group of 60‒<90 years. The primary diagnosis was mainly respiratory disease, with lung and respiratory tract as the cheif infection sites. There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of strains between different genders and infection sites (P>0.05). However, the differences in the distribution of strains between different ages and primary diagnosis were statistically significant (P<0.05). Patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), had urinary tract intubation, were not artery or vein intubated, were not on a ventilator, were not using immunosuppresants or hormones, and were not applying radiotherapy or chemotherapy were in the majority. There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of strains for whether received radiotherapy or chemotherapy or not (P>0.05), while the differences in the distribution of strains with ICU admission history, urinary tract intubation, artery or vein intubation, ventilator use, and immunosuppresants or hormones use or not were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The type of specimen was mainly sputum, the hospitalized ward was mainly comprehensive ICU, the sampling time was mainly in the first quarter throughout the year, the number of underlying diseases was mainly between 1 to 2 kinds, the application of antibiotics ≥4 kinds, and those who didn’t receive any surgery recently accounted for the most. There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of strains between different specimen types, wards occupied and history of ICU stay (P<0.05), but no statistically significant difference in the distribution of strains between different sampling times, number of underlying diseases and types of antibiotics applied (P>0.05). ConclusionThe situation of prevention and control on MDROs in this hospital is still serious. Focus should be placed on high-risk factors’ and infection monitoring and preventive measures should be strengthened to reduce the incidence rate of MDROs infection.

Fusion genes are new sequences formed by the recombination of two or more gene fragments in the genome that play an important biological role and have clinical significance in the proces of tumorigenesis and development.The detection of fusion genes can provide important guidance for early diagnosis,risk stratification and targeted therapy of tumors.Traditional fusion gene detection methods dominate clinical applications,but have limitations such as low sensitivity,high cost or technical complexity,making them difficult to apply on a large scale.Fortunately the rapid advancements of new biotechnology,a series of new fusion gene detection methods are gradually emerging,providing new alternatives for fusion gene detection.This article reviews traditional fusion gene detection methods and the sequencing technologies developed in recent years,aiming to provide ideas for the detection of fusion genes and guidance for the diagnosis and precise treatment of related diseases.

With the increasing proportion of human papilloma virus(HPV)infection in the pathogenic factors of oro-pharyngeal cancer,a series of changes have occurred in the surgical treatment.While the treatment mode has been im-proved,there are still many problems,including the inconsistency between diagnosis and treatment modes,the lack of popularization of reconstruction technology,the imperfect post-treatment rehabilitation system,and the lack of effective preventive measures.Especially in terms of treatment mode for early oropharyngeal cancer,there is no unified conclu-sion whether it is surgery alone or radiotherapy alone,and whether robotic minimally invasive surgery has better func-tional protection than radiotherapy.For advanced oropharyngeal cancer,there is greater controversy over the treatment mode.It is still unclear whether to adopt a non-surgical treatment mode of synchronous chemoradiotherapy or induction chemotherapy combined with synchronous chemoradiotherapy,or a treatment mode of surgery combined with postopera-tive chemoradiotherapy.In order to standardize the surgical treatment of oropharyngeal cancer in China and clarify the indications for surgical treatment of oropharyngeal cancer,this expert consensus,based on the characteristics and treat-ment status of oropharyngeal cancer in China and combined with the international latest theories and practices,forms consensus opinions in multiple aspects of preoperative evaluation,surgical indication determination,primary tumor re-section,neck lymph node dissection,postoperative defect repair,postoperative complication management prognosis and follow-up of oropharyngeal cancer patients.The key points include:① Before the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer,the expression of P16 protein should be detected to clarify HPV status;② Perform enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the maxillofacial region before surgery to evaluate the invasion of oropharyngeal cancer and guide precise surgical resec-tion of oropharyngeal cancer.Evaluating mouth opening and airway status is crucial for surgical approach decisions and postoperative risk prediction;③ For oropharyngeal cancer patients who have to undergo major surgery and cannot eat for one to two months,it is recommended to undergo percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy before surgery to effectively improve their nutritional intake during treatment;④ Early-stage oropharyngeal cancer patients may opt for either sur-gery alone or radiation therapy alone.For intermediate and advanced stages,HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer general-ly prioritizes radiation therapy,with concurrent chemotherapy considered based on tumor staging.Surgical treatment is recommended as the first choice for HPV unrelated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(including primary and re-current)and recurrent HPV related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma after radiotherapy and chemotherapy;⑤ For primary exogenous T1-2 oropharyngeal cancer,direct surgery through the oral approach or da Vinci robotic sur-gery is preferred.For T3-4 patients with advanced oropharyngeal cancer,it is recommended to use temporary mandibu-lectomy approach and lateral pharyngotomy approach for surgery as appropriate;⑥ For cT1-2N0 oropharyngeal cancer patients with tumor invasion depth＞3 mm and cT3-4N0 HPV unrelated oropharyngeal cancer patients,selective neck dissection of levels ⅠB to Ⅳ is recommended.For cN+HPV unrelated oropharyngeal cancer patients,therapeutic neck dissection in regions Ⅰ-Ⅴ is advised;⑦ If PET-CT scan at 12 or more weeks after completion of radiation shows intense FDG uptake in any node,or imaging suggests continuous enlargement of lymph nodes,the patient should undergo neck dissection;⑧ For patients with suspected extracapsular invasion preoperatively,lymph node dissection should include removal of surrounding muscle and adipose connective tissue;⑨ The reconstruction of oropharyngeal cancer defects should follow the principle of reconstruction steps,with priority given to adjacent flaps,followed by distal pedicled flaps,and finally free flaps.The anterolateral thigh flap with abundant tissue can be used as the preferred flap for large-scale postoperative defects.

Background::Somatic copy number variations (SCNVs) in the CDKN2A gene are among the most frequent events in the dysplasia-carcinoma sequence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, whether CDKN2A SCNVs are useful biomarkers for the risk stratification and management of patients with esophageal squamous cell dysplasia (ESCdys) is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and prognostic value of CDKN2A SCNVs in patients with mild or moderate (m/M) ESCdys. Methods::This study conducted a prospective multicenter study of 205 patients with a baseline diagnosis of m/M ESCdys in five high-risk regions of China (Ci County, Hebei Province; Yanting, Sichuan Province; Linzhou, Henan Province; Yangzhong, Jiangsu Province; and Feicheng, Shandong Province) from 2005 to 2019. Genomic DNA was extracted from paraffin biopsy samples and paired peripheral white blood cells from patients, and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay, P16-Light, was used to detect CDKN2A copy number. The cumulative regression and progression rates of ESCdys were evaluated using competing risk models. Results::A total of 205 patients with baseline m/M ESCdys were enrolled. The proportion of ESCdys regression was significantly lower in the CDKN2A deletion cohort than in the diploid and amplification cohorts (18.8% [13/69] vs. 35.0% [28/80] vs. 51.8% [29/56], P <0.001). In the univariable competing risk analysis, the cumulative regression rate was statistically significantly lower ( P = 0.008), while the cumulative progression rate was higher ( P = 0.017) in ESCdys patients with CDKN2A deletion than in those without CDKN2A deletion. CDKN2A deletion was also an independent predictor of prognosis in ESCdys ( P = 0.004) in the multivariable analysis. Conclusion::The results indicated that CDKN2A SCNVs are associated with the prognosis of ESCdys and may serve as potential biomarkers for risk stratification.

By analyzing the of genetic testing data of patients with renal polycystic kidney disease and their relatives, this study aims to identify unreported novel gene mutation sites associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Structural prediction software was employed to investigate protein structural changes before and after mutations, explore genotype-phenotype correlations, and enrich the ADPKD gene database. In this single-center retrospective study, patients with multiple renal cysts diagnosed from January 2019 to February 2023 at the Zhong Da Hospital Southeast University were included. Genetic and clinical data of patients and their families were collected. Unreported novel gene mutation sites associated with ADPKD were identified. The AlphaFold v2.3.1 software was used to predict protein structures. Changes in protein structure before and after mutations were compared to explore genotype-phenotype correlations and enrich the ADPKD gene database. Twelve mutated genes associated with renal cysts were detected in 52 families. Nineteen novel gene mutation sites associated with ADPKD were identified, including 17 mutations in the PKD1 gene (one splicing mutation, seven frameshift mutations, four nonsense mutations, one whole-codon insertion, and four missense mutations); one ALG9 missense mutation; and one chromosomal structural variation. Truncating mutations in the PKD1 gene were correlated with a more severe clinical phenotype, while non-truncating mutations were associated with greater clinical heterogeneity. Numerous novel gene mutation sites associated with ADPKD remain unreported. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the pathogenicity of these novel mutation sites, establish genotype-phenotype correlations, and enrich the ADPKD gene database.

Objective: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) involves a variety of visual symptoms that are thought to be partially caused by structural abnormalities of the retina. However, the relationship between retinal structural changes, disease severity, and intracranial alterations remains unknown. We investigated distinct retinal thinning patterns and their relationship with clinical severity and intracranial alterations in a PSP cohort. Methods: We enrolled 19 patients with PSP (38 eyes) and 20 age-matched healthy controls (40 eyes). All of the participants underwent peripapillary and macular optical coherence tomography. Brain 11C-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl) tropane (11C-CFT) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography imaging were also performed in patients with PSP. We investigated the association between retinal thickness changes and clinical features, striatal dopamine transporter availability, and cerebral glucose metabolism. Results: The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and macula were significantly thinner in patients with PSP than in controls. The thickness of the superior sector of the pRNFL demonstrated a significant negative relationship with the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III and Hoehn and Yahr staging scale scores. A significant negative correlation was found between outer inferior macular thickness and disease duration. Outer temporal macular thickness was positively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. In PSP, lower outer temporal macular thickness was also positively correlated with decreased dopamine transporter binding in the caudate. Conclusion The pRNFL and macular thinning may be candidate markers for monitoring disease severity. Additionally, macular thinning may be an in vivo indicator of nigrostriatal dopaminergic cell degeneration in PSP patients.

Objective:To explore the effect of diclofenac sodium suppository combined with tramadol sustained-release tablets on postoperative pain relief and recovery in patients with mixed hemorrhoids.Methods:Sixty patients with mixed hemorrhoids who underwent external dissection and internal ligation at the Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Proctology Hospital from September to October 2023 were selected and randomly divided into A group and AS group using a random number table method, with 30 patients in each group. The group A patients received oral tramadol sustained-release tablets 4 hours after surgery, while the group AS received diclofenac sodium suppositories for anal canal therapy in addition to the group A. Two groups were compared for postoperative pain [Visual Analog Scale (VAS)] and patient comfort [Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)], cumulative tramadol consumption, supplementary rescue pethidine needs, and adverse reactions at 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours.Resultsl:The VAS of the AS group were lower than those of the A group at 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours after surgery. The NRS scores of the group A patients at 4, 8, and 24 hours were significantly better than those of the group AS. The cumulative consumption of tramadol in the AS group at 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours after surgery was significantly lower than that in the A group; The demand rate for postoperative rescue of pethidine in the group A was significantly higher than that in the group AS. The incidence of nausea in the group A was significantly higher than that in the group AS.Conclusions:The combination of postoperative diclofenac sodium suppositories and oral tramadol sustained-release tablets for mixed hemorrhoid surgery has a significant improvement effect on pain. It can reduce the dosage of tramadol, reduce the need for rescue and supplementary analgesia, and have fewer adverse reactions.

Objective:To construct a combined diet and exercise program for puerperal women with Yin-deficiency constitution based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution identification, and evaluate the effect of this program.Methods:This study was guided by the complex intervention development framework of the UK Research Council, and based on the TCM constitution identification, and determined the combined diet and exercise program for puerperal women with Yin-deficiency constitution based on TCM constitution identification through literature review, case analysis, group discussion, and Delphi method. From October to December 2022, convenience sampling was used to select 76 delivery women with Yin-deficiency constitution who delivered at Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University as the research subject. According to the delivery time, the delivery women were divided into a control group ( n=37) and an experimental group ( n=39). The control group adopted routine postpartum nursing. On this basis, the experimental group implemented the combined diet and exercise program for puerperal women with Yin-deficiency constitution based on TCM constitution identification. We compared the Yin-deficiency constitution score, duration of lochia, and incidence of puerperium complications between two groups of delivery women before and after intervention. Results:The final constructed program included 6 primary indicators, 20 secondary indicators, and 50 tertiary indicators. In the two rounds of consultation, the positivity coefficients of experts were all 100%, the authority coefficients of experts were 0.827 and 0.843, and the Kendall harmony coefficients were 0.419 and 0.502, respectively with a statistical difference ( P<0.01). After intervention, the score of Yin-deficiency constitution, duration of lochia, and incidence of puerperium complications in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The combined diet and exercise program for puerperal women with Yin-deficiency constitution based on TCM constitution identification is scientific, comprehensive, and feasible, which can provide reference for future development of TCM constitution management during the puerperium.

With the development of global economy, the dramatically increased production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics has led to a remarkably increased amount of plastic waste. PET waste can be treated by landfill, incineration, or biodegradation. While landfilling and incineration may cause secondary pollution, biodegradation has since received increased attentions due to its environmental friendliness. Recent studies have indicated that the carbohydrate binding module (CBM) can effectively enhance the binding of PET degrading enzymes to PET, and consequently increasing PET degradation rate. Here we constructed a fusion protein BaCBM2-Tfuc containing the BaCBM2 from Bacillus anthraci and the cutinase Tfuc from Thermobifida fusca, by megaprimer PCR of whole plasmids (MEGAWHOP). Notabaly, the PET film degradation efficiency (at 60 ℃) of BaCBM2-Tfuc was 2.8 times that of Tfuc. This study may provide technical support for constructing fusion proteins capable of efficiently degrading PET.
Carbohydrates ; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Thermobifida

【Objective】 To compare the clinical effects and screw placement accuracy for treating lumbar disc herniation between robot-assisted minimal invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (RA-MIS-TLIF) and minimal invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF). 【Methods】 We retrospectively recruited 69 patients with single segment lumbar disc herniation treated between January 2018 and August 2019 at Honghui Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University. There were cases of 33 RA-MIS-TLIF (RA group) and 36 MIS-TLIF (MIS-TLIF group). Subsequently, the patients’ baseline characteristics were collected, including age, gender, body mass index, complication with diabetes, duration of symptoms, operated segment, and follow-up time. We also collected perioperative parameters such as operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency, screw placement accuracy, wound drainage, hospitalization duration, postoperative complicatins, and fusion rate. Lower back pain, lower extremity pain visual analogue score (VAS), and lumbar Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores (JOA) were obtained preoperatively, postoperative 3 days/6 months/12 months, and the last follow-up. 【Results】 All the procedures were successfully completed and the follow-up time was 14.82±1.83 (RA group) and 15.11±1.62 (MIS-TLIF group) months, without significant difference (P>0.05). Compared with MIS-TLIF group, RA group had less intraoperative blood loss [(116.67±18.48) min vs. (128.06±22.53) min], fluoroscopy frequency [(12.42±2.28) vs. (15.67±2.46)], screw placement accuracy (93.18% vs. 84.03%), postoperative drainage [(73.03±23.52) mL vs. (88.33±28.54) mL], and shorter hospitalization stay [(6.45±1.52)d vs. (7.69±1.85) d] (all P<0.05). However, operation time did not significantly differ (P>0.05). The VAS of lower back pain and lower extremity pain, and lumbar JOA were significantly improved after the operation (P<0.001). At the same time point, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Meanwhile, fusion rate and incidence of complications did not significantly differ between the two groups (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Both robot-assisted MIS-TLIF and MIS-TLIF can achieve excellent clinical effects in treating single-segment lumbar disc herniation. However, the former can improve the accuracy of screw placement and reduce intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy frequency, postoperative drainage and hospitalization time, which indicates a promising application.