Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients′suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.

Objective:To investigate the hemodynamic characteristics of the lenticulostriate artery (LSA) in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) patients with recent small subcortical infarcts (RSSI) using 7.0 T two-dimensional phase-contrast MRI (2D PC-MRI).Methods:A total of 16 CSVD patients with deep RSSI and 18 age-and sex-matched healthy controls (HC group) meeting the inclusion criteria were prospectively recruited from July 2021 to June 2022 at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University. All participants underwent 7.0 T 2D PC-MRI with imaging plane localized at the level of the basal ganglia. A self-developed software (Flow analyze V1.0) was used to analyze the hemodynamic status of bilateral LSAs. The hemodynamic parameters including the maximum velocity (V max), average velocity (V avg), pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index (RI) of LSAs were calculated and recorded. As for the CSVD cases, the symptomatic side was defined as the ipsilateral side to the RSSI (CSVD symptomatic-side group), and the contralateral side was defined as the asymptomatic side (CSVD asymptomatic-side group). ANOVA or Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare hemodynamic parameters among the three groups. Results:Significant differences in V max, V avg and PI were observed among the CSVD symptomatic-side group, CSVD asymptomatic-side group, and HC group ( F=5.22, P=0.006; F=3.47, P=0.033; F=4.37, P=0.014). Specifically, CSVD symptomatic-side group showed significantly reduced V max ( P=0.004) and V avg ( P=0.017), and increased PI ( P=0.007) compared to the HC group. The CSVD asymptomatic-side group showed decreased V max ( P=0.026) and increased PI ( P=0.039) compared to the HC group. Conclusions:Hemodynamic assessment based on 7.0 T 2D PC-MRI reveal that CSVD patients with RSSI decrease blood flow velocity and increase arterial PI of LSAs. These findings suggest potential corresponding hemodynamic mechanisms associated with CSVD with RSSI lesions.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and its associated protein gene system can limit the horizontal gene transfer, thereby effectively preventing the invasion of foreign gene elements such as bacteriophages. CRISPR arrays of different bacteria are diverse. Based on the differences in the CRISPR system, this review summarizes the application of CRISPR in food-borne pathogen evolution analysis, detection and typing, virulence and antibiotic resistance in recent years. We also address bacterial detection typing method developed based on the characteristics of CRISPR arrays and the association of CRISPR with virulence and drug resistance of food-borne pathogens. The shortcomings of CRISPR in evolution, detection and typing, virulence and resistance applications are analyzed. In addition, we suggest standardizing CRISPR typing methods, improving and expanding the CRISPR database of pathogenic bacteria, and further exploring the co-evolution relationship between phages and bacteria, to provide references for further exploration of CRISPR functions.
Bacteria/genetics* ; Bacteriophages/genetics* ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics* ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/genetics* ; Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics* ; Virulence/genetics*

OBJECTIVETo compare the influence of cardiac-pulmonary function on clinical acute respiratory failure patients using Proportional assist ventilation (PAV), Pressure support ventilation (PSV) and intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). Here, we also describe some our experience with the clinical use of PAV.

METHODSUsing the IPPV mode in ten acute respiratory failure patients, calculate Elastance (Ers) and Resistance (Rrs), then change to PSV, set inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP) according to IPPV, so that tidal volume (V(T)) is the same as that of IPPV. We then changed the mode into PAV and set the assist ratio according to PSV, so that V(T) and Ppeak were the same as that of PSV. Then we observed the changes of respiratory mechanics, blood gas levels and hemodynamics during ventilation.

RESULTSCompared with PSV and IPPV, peak pressure (Ppeak) of PAV was markedly lower while V(T) was similar; work of breathing of patient (WOBp), and work of breathing of ventilation (WOBv) were also lower; center vein pressure (CVP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) of PAV were markedly lower than that of IPPV while V(T) were similar. Compared with PSV, V(T), mean blood pressure (mBP) and cardiac output (CO) of PAV were higher. Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and WOBp of PAV were lower while Ppeak was similar; the differences in WOBp were notable.

CONCLUSIONSFor clinical acute respiratory failure patients, compared with PSV and IPPV, PAV has lower airway pressure, less WOBp and less influence on hemodynamics.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cardiac Output ; physiology ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Ventilation ; physiology ; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure ; physiology ; Respiration, Artificial ; methods ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Ventilators, Mechanical