Objective This study aimed to estimate the therapeutic effects of preformed metal crown(PMC)and pre-fabricated zirconia crowns(ZC)on decayed primary morals in children,as well as to analyze the possible influencing fac-tors.Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed on the data of 192 patients(aged 3 to 8)in the Stomatologi-cal Department of Shenzhen Children's Hospital from October 2021 to December 2021.The decayed mandibular first molars were selected and restored by vital-pulp therapy followed by PMC and ZC,including 96 cases(96 caries)in the PMC group and 96 cases(96 caries)in the ZC group.Oral clinical examination was performed at 3 months,1 year,and 2 years after treatment,overwiewing the clinical therapeu-tic effects and periodontal status of PMC and ZC groups,as well as recording the crown integrity,gingival index(GI),probing bleeding index(BI),plaque index(PLI)and various prosthetic indices.Results No significance differences existed in the periodontal status of PMC and ZC groups at 3 months,1 year,and 2 years after treatment(P>0.05).However,the GI,BI,and PLI in the PMC group were higher than those in the ZC group at 3 months,1 year,and 2 years after treatment,and the difference was dramatically signifi-cant(P<0.05).No significances difference existed in various prosthetic indices(P>0.05),as well as in the GI,BI,and PLI,between the two groups(P>0.05).No significant differences existed in various prosthetic indices between genders after PMC restoration(P>0.05).The scores of girls in various prosthetic indices after ZC restoration were higher than those of boys(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis indicated an inverse correlation between age in the PMC group and the GI,BI,PLI,and FDI indices(P<0.01),rather than in the ZC group(P>0.05).Conclusion PMC and ZC can be ap-plied to restore deciduous molar caries.The periodontal status of deciduous teeth in ZC group was superior to that in the PMC group.The periodontal status of deciduous teeth in PMC group may be stable with increased age.

Clinical data and genetic mutation characteristics of a patient with Coffin-Siris syndrome by 6q25.3 deletion were summarized. The child was a 7-year and 6-month old girl who had feeding difficulties, repeated infection, language and motor retardation, low intelligence, laryngeal cartilage dysplasia, thick eyebrows, sparse teeth, hairy back, hyperactivity and aggressive behavior, seizures and ataxia. There was no abnormality in chromosomal karyotype analysis by proband; genomic copy number variant sequencing (CNV-seq) indicated approximately 4.27 Mb heterozygous deletion in chromosome 6q25.3 region, with 17 genes including ARID1B gene, father maternal CNV-seq showing no abnormalities. Trio-whole-exome sequencing showed the proband missed all exons 1-20 of the ARID1B gene, with wild-type parents. The proband had severe clinical symptoms and haplodose insufficiency which was the genetic etiology.

Imbalance of calcium homeostasis and abnormal autophagy are important pathogenesis mechanisms for neurodegenerative diseases, as PD, AD, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); and correlation is noted between imbalance of calcium homeostasis and abnormal autophagy. A number of studies have reported that different calcium storage compartments of cells can affect autophagy via calcium channels or Ca 2+-related signal proteins, such as cytoplasm calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 (Orai1) and transient receptor potential canonical channel (TRPC), endoplasmic reticulum calcium channel inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R), mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) related to Ca 2+ uptake, lysosomal calcium channel transient receptor potential channel mucolipin 1(TRPML1) and two-pore channels, cytoplasmic Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ)/AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) pathway. This review summarizes the research progress on autophagy regulated by Ca 2+ in intracellular calcium storage compartments and cytoplasm in neurodegenerative diseases, with a view to further understand the pathogenesis of these diseases.

Cutaneous hemangioma is a kind of benign skin vascular tumor caused by congenital abnormal vascular development. The rays emitted by 90Sr has a good effect on it. Meanwhile, 90Sr application is easy to operate, effective, with less side effects and painless. It is a method worthy of promotion in the treatment of skin hemangioma. This article reviews the application of 90Sr application in cutaneous hemangioma treatment.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of 90Sr application on superficial hemangioma in hair area and its effect on the volume of hair. Methods:A total of 136 pediatric patients (55 males, 81 females, 1-30 months old; 136 lesions) with head hemangioma in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University between February 2018 and October 2019 were enrolled. They were divided into 3 groups according to the hair density of tumor sites. Group A ( n=63, 3(2, 6) months old, male/female=27/36): the hair in tumor sites was as thick as the surrounding hair. Group B ( n=40, 3(2, 5) months old, male/female=17/23): the hair in tumor sites was thinner than the surrounding area. Group C ( n=33, 3(2, 6) months old, male/female=11/22): there was no hair growth in the tumor sites. All groups were treated with 90Sr application, and the total absorbed dose of each course was 10-30 Gy, which was divided into 8 times. Three to four months after the treatment, the efficacy and adverse reactions were evaluated and the volume of hair was divided into 3 grades according to the hair density of the tumor sites: flourishing, good growth and no growth. If the clinical effect was unsatisfied, a second course of treatment was conducted. Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test or χ 2 test was used for data analysis. Results:The differences of age ( H=0.01), gender ( χ 2=0.92) among group A, group B and group C were not significant (both P>0.05). The total recovery rates of 3 groups after two-course treatment were 88.9%(56/63), 95.0%(38/40) and 93.9%(31/33) respectively ( χ 2=1.49, P>0.05). Besides, the incidences of adverse reactions were 6.3%(4/63), 7.5%(3/40) and 9.1%(3/33) respectively ( χ 2=0.24, P>0.05). Three to four months after treatment, the hair on tumor sites in group A and B was rated as flourishing, 28 children in group C were rated as flourishing, 5 children were rated as good growth, and none of the children showed no growth. Conclusions:The 90Sr application has a good treatment effect on the small superficial hemangioma in the hair area of infants, and the amount of hair in the affected area can be restored to normal after treatment. This treatment is worthy of clinical application.

Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegeneration, and its pathogenesis is related to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and calcium homeostasis imbalance. In recent years, the relationship between Parkinson's disease and Ca 2+ has become a research hotspot. Calcium homeostasis disorders can lead to Parkinson's disease in different ways. The level of intracellular calcium ion depends on store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), calcium release-activated calcium modulator1 (Orai1), stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) can form a functional complex to regulate it. PD neurotoxins can selectively damage dopaminergic neurons by reducing the function of Orai1-STIM1-TRPC1 complex and damaging SOCE and its downstream signal pathways. And the complex may affect the development of Parkinson's disease by acting on microglia and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and then regulate neuroinflammation and autophagy. Therefore, restoring the expression and function of Orai1-STIM1-TRPC1 function complex and maintaining calcium homeostasis may be the therapeutic targets of Parkinson's disease.

Objective:To understand the agglutination characteristics of different subtypes of avian influenza viruses, we selected erythrocytes from different sources to find suitable erythrocytes for influenza environmental sample detection.Methods:Different subtypes of avian influenza viruses, which were isolated from environmental sample between 2009 and 2016 in China, were selected to do hemagglutination assay using 5 animal erythrocytes (chicken, turkey, guinea pig, horse, and sheep). Flow cytometry was used to detect expression level and type of sialic acid receptors of different erythrocytes, and the characteristics of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the viral hemagglutinin protein were analyzed by amino acid sequence.Results:In this study, a total of 28 strains of avian influenza virus including 14 subtypes were detected. The result showed that all viruses could agglutinate with turkey and guinea pig erythrocytes and the rest three erythrocytes were unable to produce agglutination with some viruses; among them, one H9N2 virus (A/environment/Anhui/43762/2015) did not agglutinate with chicken erythrocytes, one H1N1 virus (A/environment/Shandong/76972/2014) and two H9N2 viruses (A/environment/Chongqing/79449/2014 and A/environment/Anhui/43762/2015) did not agglutinate with horse erythrocytes, two viruses of H9N2 (A/environment/Chongqing/79449/2014 and A/environment/Anhui/43762/2015) and two viruses of H13N8 (A/environment/Qinghai Lake/166/2012 and A/environment/Qinghai Lake/13/2012) did not agglutinate with sheep erythrocytes. The result of flow cytometry showed that two sialic acid receptors, α-2, 3 and α-2, 6, were detected on the surface of erythrocytes of turkey, chicken and guinea pig, but the expression ratios of the two receptors were different. Only the expression of α-2, 3 sialic acid receptors was detected in horse and sheep erythrocytes. Sequence analysis suggested that amino acid substitution in key regions of viral hemagglutinin protein RBD may be an important factor affecting the binding properties of different erythrocytes.Conclusions:Our result suggested that turkey and guinea pig erythrocytes are the most sensitive in the hemagglutination test. Receptor expression and type of erythrocytes from different sources can significantly affect the agglutination reaction of different subtypes of avian influenza virus, and the amino acid changes in key regions of RBD can also affect the result of agglutination reaction.

Objective:To disclose the genome characteristics and mutations of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) strains from the imported cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Gansu province, thereby to provide scientific reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in Gansu province. Methods:The respiratory tract specimens of imported COVID-19 cases from seven countries in Gansu province in 2020 were collected. The virus genome was sequenced by the second-generation sequencing technology, the whole genome sequences were compared and analyzed, and the MEGA software was used to construct a phylogenetic tree based on the neighbor-joining method.Results:A total of 46 2019-nCoV genome sequences with a length of 29 605~29 903 bp were obtained. Compared with the Wuhan reference strain (GenBank ID: NC_045512.2), it was found that the median (minimum to maximum) number of the nucleotide mutations of the 2019-nCoV genome sequence of the imported cases was 10 (7-24). A total of 134 nucleotide mutation sites were found in all 2019-nCoV genome sequences from 7 entry countries in Gansu province, distributed in 11 open reading frames (ORFs). The top three nucleotide mutations in different proteins: ORF1ab (78), S(20), N(12). Among the 134 nucleotide mutations, 82 caused amino acid mutations, and all of them were missense mutations. No insertions or deletions were seen. Types of deletion mutations, the top three amino acid mutations in different proteins: ORF1ab (46), S(11), N(10); the key sites of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the S protein have not been mutated.Conclusions:No imported cases in Gansu province have been found to carry the reported mutations that can clearly lead to changes in the spread and pathogenicity of 2019-nCoV.

Objective:To explore the effects and mechanisms of polycaprolactone-cellulose acetate (PCL-CA) nanofiber scaffold loaded with rat epidermal stem cells (ESCs) on wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in rats.Methods:The experiment research method was applied. The primary ESCs were isolated from 1-3 d old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (undefined gender) by rapid adherent method and cultured by rapid adherent method. ESCs of the first passage were used for the subsequent experiments after the positive expressions of integrin β 1 and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) in primary cells were identified respectively by flow cytometey and immunofluorescence method. PCL-CA nanofiber scaffolds with polycaprolactone and cellulose acetate as components were prepared by electrospinning technique. The topological structure of the nanofiber scaffolds was determined and the diameter of 25 fibers was measured by scanning electron microscope. The constructed PCL-CA nanofiber scaffolds were used as the culture substrate for ESCs, which were cultured in keratinocytes (KCs) medium to construct ESCs-nanofiber scaffold complex (hereinafter referred to as ESCs scaffold). After 3 days of culture, the morphology of ESCs in the scaffold and their relationship was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The ESCs in ESCs scaffold were set as PCL-CA nanofiber scaffold group, and the ESCs cultured with KCs medium in culture dishes coated with type Ⅳ collagen were set as type Ⅳ collagen group. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression level of CK19 in ESCs in the two groups after 3 days of culture ( n=3). The protein expressions of CK19 and proliferating nuclear antigen (PCNA) in ESCs in the two groups were detected by immunofluorescence method after 7 days of culture. A circular full-thickness skin wound of about 2 cm in diameter was prepared on both left and right sides of the back of 15 male SD rats aged 6-8 weeks. The rats were then equally divided into blank control group without implantation, scaffold alone group implanted with PCL-CA nanofiber scaffold, and ESCs scaffold group implanted with ESCs scaffold which were constructed after 3 days of culture according to the random number table. The percentage of wound areas on post injury day (PID) 3, 7, 14, and 21 was calculated ( n=5). The new skin tissue at the wound edge was collected on PID 21, the wound healing quality was evaluated by Masson staining, and the protein expression levels of Notch1, Jagged1, and Hes1, which are key proteins of Notch signaling pathway, were detected by Western blotting ( n=3). Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance, analysis of variance for repeated measurement, independent sample t test, and Bonferroni correction. Results:The constructed PCL-CA nanofiber scaffolds had a porous, mesh-like, and multilayered three-dimensional structure, in which the surface of the fibers was smooth and non-porous, and the fiber diameter was (383±24) nm. The ESCs in ESCs scaffold showed intact cellular structures and were tightly attached to the scaffold after 3 days of culture. The cells were interconnected and fully extended on the surface of the scaffold to form a membrane. After 3 days of culture, the protein expression level of CK19 of ESCs in PCL-CA nanofiber scaffold group was significantly higher than that in type Ⅳ collagen group ( t=24.56, P<0.01). After 7 days of culture, compared with those in type Ⅳ collagen group, there was no significant change in the proportion of PCNA positive cells of ESCs in PCL-CA nanofiber scaffold group, while the proportion of CK19 positive cells was higher. On PID 3, 7, 14, and 21, the percentages of wound areas of rats in ESCs scaffold group were (78.0±1.8)%, (40.9±2.0)%, (17.9±1.1)%, and (5.0±1.0)%, respectively, which were significantly lower than (84.2±1.9)%, (45.4±2.6)%, (21.8±1.7)%, and (10.1±1.1)% in blank control group ( t=5.42, 3.09, 4.33, 7.58, P<0.05 or P<0.01) and (82.7±1.2)%, (44.8±2.0)%, (22.4±2.4)%, and (10.3±2.4)% in scaffold alone group ( t=4.98, 3.11, 3.84, 4.57, P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the percentages of wound areas of rats between blank control group and scaffold alone group were similar ( t=1.47, 0.39, 0.47, 0.22, P>0.05). On PID 21, the layer of new skin at the wound edge of rats in each group was intact; compared with that in blank control group or scaffold alone group, the new skin tissue at the wound edge of rats in ESCs scaffold group had more orderly collagen arrangement; the scaffolds in the new skin at the wound edge of rats were completely degraded in ESCs scaffold group and scaffold alone group. On PID 21, the protein expression levels of Notch1, Jagged1, and Hes1 in the new skin tissue at the wound edge of rats in scaffold alone group were similar to those in blank control group ( t=1.70, 1.94, 0.18, P>0.05), while the protein expression levels of Notch1, Jagged1, and Hes1 in the new skin tissue at the wound edge of rats in ESCs scaffold group were significantly higher than those in scaffold alone group ( t=13.31, 22.07, 20.71, P<0.01). Conclusions:PCL-CA nanofiber scaffolds can inhibit the differentiation of ESCs of rats without affecting their proliferation in vitro. ESCs scaffolds constructed through using PCL-CA nanofiber scaffolds as the carrier to culture ESCs of rats can significantly promote the wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in rats, and the mechanism may be related to the activation of Notch signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the expression and significance of miR-21 in patients with primary gout. Methods The patients were divided into 4 groups: 35 acute gout patients (AG), 50 intermittent gout patients (IG), 25 chronic gout patients (CG) and 39 healthy patients. Their peripheral blood were collected and laboratory indexes were recorded. The expression of miR-21 and Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The blood and clinical data of another 5 healthy volunteers were collected, their peripheral blood was stimulated with 100 μg/ml monosodium urate (MSU) for 1 hour, pho-sphate buffer (PBS) was used as controls, then the expression of microRNA (miR)-21, NLRP3, interleukin (IL)-1β mRNA was detected by RT-qPCR. Rank sum test and spearman correlation analysis were used for data analysis. Results In primary gout patients, the expression of miR-21 in AG [12 ×10-4 (8.0 ×10-4)], IG [9.4 ×10-4 (6.9 ×10-4)], CG [7.3 ×10-4 (5.6 ×10-4)] was significantly higher than that in healthy control group [1.0×10-4(2.0×10-4)] (Z=9.83, P=0.02], while the expression of NLRP3 in AG[0.0444(0.0233)], IG[0.0581(0.0326)], CG[0.0314(0.0198)] was significantly lower than that in healthy control group [0.0886(0.0359)] (Z=13.82, P<0.01). In the primary gout of IG group, the expression of miR-21 was positively correlated with NLRP3 mRNA (r=0.449, P=0.016). After stimulated by 100 μg/ml MSU, the expression of miR-21 of the stimulated group [8.78×10-4(14×10-4)] was higher than that in the control group [6.25×10-4(6×10-4)](Z=-2.203, P<0.05), and the expression of IL-1βin stimulated group [3.06(2.00)] was higher than that in the control group [2.64 (1.22] (Z=-2.203, P<0.05). The level of miR-21 in patients with primary gout was positively correlated with the level of uric acid (UA), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALT) (r=0.473, 0.639, 0.487, P<0.05). Conclusion The increase of miR-21 in patients with primary gout may be involved in the inflammatory reaction of gout.