ObjectiveThe potential suitable area for ecological planting， key ecological factors， and suitable range of Polygonatum odoratum in China were analyzed to provide theoretical and scientific guidance for the artificial planting of P. odoratum. MethodA total of 454 geographical distribution records of P. odoratum in China and 118 ecological factors were used in this study. The maximum entropy model （MaxEnt） was adopted to predict the suitable areas of P. odoratum. The key ecological factors and their suitable ranges were analyzed by the jackknife method， contribution rates of ecological factors， and response curves. ResultThe suitable areas of P. odoratum were mainly located in the northwest， north， and northeast of China， the highly suitable areas of which were concentrated in Shaanxi， Shanxi， Gansu， etc. Solar radiation in November （Srad11）， precipitation in July （Prec7）， percentage of evergreen/deciduous needleleaf trees （Class1）， silt content （2-50 μm） mass fraction （SLTPPT）， and annual average temperature （Bio1） were found to be the key ecological factors affecting the suitable distribution of P. odoratum in China. The cumulative contribution rate of solar radiation factors （31.29%）>vegetation factors （25.61%）>soil factors （19.52%）>precipitation factors （11.38%）>temperature factors （8.57%）>topography factors （3.63%）. ConclusionIt is suggested to carry out ecological planting of P. odoratum mainly in Shaanxi （such as Baoji and Ankang Cities and Ningshan， Liuba， and Hua Counties）， Gansu （such as Tianshui City， Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture， and Liangdang and Huating Counties）， and Shanxi （such as Yangquan， Taiyuan， Fenyang， and Jinzhong Cities， as well as Xingxian County） of China. Solar radiation factors should be given priority in the planting process， followed by vegetation， soil， precipitation， temperature， and topography factors. The range of key ecological factors， namely Srad11， Prec7， Class1， SLTPPT， and Bio1 should be controlled within 8 095.21-10 334.98 （optimum 8 787.50） kJ·m^-2·d^-1， 109.99-223.60 （146.91） mm， 1.00%-9.45% （6.76%-10.68%）， 41.73%-50.35% （46.53%）， and 3.29-16.33 （13.57） °C， respectively.

Objective: To investigate the incidence density of adult sleep disorders (SD) in Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province from 2017 to 2023, so as to provide insights into formulating the control measures of SD. Methods: The electronic health records of permanent residents aged 18 years and over in Yinzhou District from 2017 to 2023 were collected through the Yinzhou Regional Health Information Platform. New cases of SD were diagnosed for the first time a year after establishing health records. The incidence density was estimated using Poisson distribution. The temporal, population and regional distribution characteristics of new cases of SD were analyzed using a descriptively epidemiological method. Results: From 2017 to 2023, there were 1 255 129 permanent residents aged 18 years and over in Yinzhou District, with a total observed person-time of 6 292 884 person-years and a median of 5.67 (interquartile range, 3.74) person-years. There were 165 490 new cases of SD, including 67 095 males (40.54%) and 98 385 females (59.46%). The incidence density of SD in Yinzhou District from 2017 to 2023 was 26.30/1 000 person-years, with no significant trend observed (P>0.05). The incidence density of SD was higher in females than in males (29.63/1 000 person-years vs. 22.57/1 000 person-years, P<0.05). The highest incidence density of SD was observed in individuals aged 70 to <80 years (63.30/1 000 person-years), and the lowest was in individuals aged 18 to <30 years (7.24/1 000 person-years). The incidence density of SD in individuals aged 30 years and over was higher than that in individuals aged 18 to <30 years (all P<0.05). The incidence density of SD was 32.03/1 000 person-years in individuals with junior high school education or below, which was higher than individuals with senior high school/technical secondary school education (25.93/1 000 person-years) and college degree and above (18.87/1 000 person-years, all P<0.05). Dongliu Street, Dongjiao Street, and Baihe Street had relatively higher incidence densities of SD, at 45.11/1 000 person-years, 42.87/1 000 person-years and 40.16/1 000 person-years, respectively. Conclusions From 2017 to 2023, there was no significant trend in the incidence density of SD in Yinzhou District. Higher incidence density were observed in females, the elderly, and individuals living in central urban areas.

Objective:To understand the current status of gastroscopy in diagnosing gastric lesions in general population, and to recommend the optimal age for the first gastroscopy and intervals for repeated gastroscopy.Methods:The gastroscopy records of residents aged 18-80 years in Yinzhou District of Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, between April 2010 and December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The detections of gastric lesions across different years, age and genders were described. Goodness of fit tests were applied to compare the differences in detection rates of different lesions in first-time endoscopy in different age groups and different populations. Generalized additive models were used to fit the trend of age specific gastric lesion detection rate explore the optimal age for gastroscopy. The appropriate gastroscopy intervals were determined according to the progress of the gastric lesions detected in repeated gastroscopy.Results:A total of 237 751 participants with 344 398 gastroscopy records were included in analyses. A total of 5 597 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), 9 796 cases of intestinal metaplasia (IM), 165 cases of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN), 52 cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) and 435 cases of gastric cancer were detected by the first gastroscopy. The overall detection rate of gastric lesions increased significantly in age group 45-70 years, and remained stable after 70 years old, with LGIN and HGIN showing notable increases at 50 and 55 years old, respectively. Repeated gastroscopy detected CAG, IM, LGIN, and HGIN at a higher rate compared with the first gastroscopy. Normal/superficial gastritis progressed in 3-5 years, whereas CAG or more severe lesions progressed in 1-6 years.Conclusion:Gastroscopy is recommended for general population aged 45 years and above. Furthermore, gastroscopy can be performed every 3-5 years for individuals with normal endoscopy results and once a year for patients with CAG or more severe gastric lesions.

Objective:To investigate the expression level of C-type lectin domain family 4 member G ( CLEC4 G) in liver disease tissues and its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Methods:The cancer tissue and the corresponding adjacent tissues (at least 2 cm from the edge of the cancer tissue), cut in surgeries from January to December in 2019, of 40 HCC patients in Zhuzhou Central Hospital, as well as 10 normal liver tissue samples (seen as far away as possible from the edge of the cancer tissue with naked eyes) and 10 liver cirrhosis samples were analyzed retrospectively. The tumor genome atlas (TCGA) database was used to screen the HCC transcriptome data sets, and bioinformatics methods were used to make expression heat maps and box maps which can help analyze the difference of CLEC4 G in cancer and adjacent tissues. The mRNA expression level of CLEC4 G was detected by conducting real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), and the protein expression level of CLEC4G was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( Mean± SD). Group t test was used for inter-group comparison. The counting information was expressed as a percentage (%). The χ2 test was adopted to analyze the correlation between CLEC4 G expression level and the clinicopathological features of patients. Results:The expression level of CLEC4 G in cancer tissues was significantly decreased in heat map compared with that in adjacent tissues. In the box figure, the relative expression of CLEC4 G mRNA in the cancer tissues was (82.5±18.9) and (3 354.4±296.2) in paracancer tissues, with statistically significant difference ( P<0.001). Respectively, qRT-PCR and IHC showed that mRNA of CLEC4 G were abundant in normal liver tissues (3 301.3±286.4), while they were very little in liver cancer tissues (63.6±32.9), significantly decreasing in liver cirrhosis (1 742.6±208.7) and paracancer tissues (1 553.2±249.9), with statistically significant difference ( P<0.001). Moreover, low CLEC4 G expression level was associated with tumor vascular metastasis in HCC patients. Conclusions:CLEC4 G is highly expressed in normal liver tissue, but with the progression of malignant liver disease, it is significantly decreased with little expression in HCC tissue. It can be expected to be a good marker for the pathological diagnosis of HCC.

Objective To investigate the Preventive effect of sodium hyaluronate gel on postoperative adhesion of hysteroscopic intrauterine adhesions. Methods 84 cases of IUA patients undergoing hysteroscopy were retrospectively selected,and divided into two groups according to the different ways of prevention and control of IUA,42 cases in each group.The control group was treated with Foley balloon catheter after operation,the study group was treated with sodium hyaluronate gel prevention on the based of control group.The clinical signs of the patients before and after treatment one,two and three months were observed,the therapeutic effects and complication were compared between two groups. Results After treatment one,two and three months,the adhesion type score and the score scale of study group, were significantly decreased,and lower than the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The total effective rate of the study group was 90.48%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group (83.33%),the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).In the course of treatment,the complication rate of the two groups was 11.90% (5/42),there was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of complications. Conclusion Hyaluronic acid sodium gel on hysteroscopic intrauterine adhesions in patients with postoperative adhesions have a significant preventive effect,can improve the treatment efficiency and clinical signs,and with high security.

Objective: To compare the value of two 3D imaging reconstruction methods for left atria and pulmonary vein on guiding the catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: From January 2014 to January 2017, a total of 100 drug refractory paroxysmal AF patients were divided into left atria direct angiography group (n=50), and indirect angiography group (n=50). 3D CARTO system was applied for mapping and guiding the ablation procedure. Patients assigned to direct angiography group were treated as follows: intraoperative puncture of atrial septum, inject contrast agent directly into the left atrium, conduct left atrial and pulmonary venous rotation angiography, reconstruct three-dimensional image, integrate the image into real-time X-ray system to facilitate circumferential pulmonary vein isolation. Patients assigned into the indirect angiography group were treated as follows: inject contrast agent through the right ventricle, conduct delayed rotation angiography of the left atria and pulmonary vein to guide circumferential pulmonary vein fixation and ablation. The left atrial and pulmonary venous image acquisition, the operation and X-ray exposure time, the success rate and the incidence of complication of the two groups were compared. The patients were followed up for 3-6 months. Results: General clinical characteristics of the two groups were similar(all P>0.05). Ablation was successful in all 100 patients. The operation time[(112.0±21.4)min vs. (134.0±24.3)min]and X-ray exposure time((10.7±4.7)min vs. (15.8±5.2)min)were significantly lower in direct angiography group than in indirect angiography group (both P<0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the immediate (86%(43/50) vs. 82%(41/50), P=0.59) and short-term (76%(38/50) vs. 72%(36/50), P=0.65) success rate and complication rate (1 aneurysm in the direct angiography group, 1 pericardial tamponade in the indirect angiography group). In-hospital mortality was zero percent. Conclusion It is safe and effective method to guide the radiofrequency catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation by reconstruction 3D image of left atrium and pulmonary vein. Compared with indirect angiography group, direct angiography group can improve the imaging quality of left atrium and pulmonary vein, decrease the X-ray exposure time of the ablation procedure.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of CD4+CD25+Tregs(Tregs)on the protective efficacy of glutha?tione?S?transferase(GST)against Schistosoma japonicum in mice. Methods Female BALB/c mice were divided randomly into five groups:a normal control group,an infected control group,an anti?CD25mAb group,a GST immunization group and a com?bination group with GST immunization and anti?CD25 mAb. The GST group and combination group were injected percutaneously with GST 50μg each mouse,the other two groups were injected with equal volume PBS. The immunization was performed for 3 times for two?week interval,and 2 weeks after the last immunization,each mouse was challenged with 40 S. japonicum cercaria. Two weeks post?infection,the combination group and anti?CD25 mAb group were injected intraperitoneally with 300μg anti?CD25 mAb each mouse. The mice were succumbed 2 weeks,3 weeks,4 weeks and 5 weeks post?infection respectively. The per?centages of CD4+CD25+Tregs in splenocytes of mice were measured with flow cytometer. The levels of IFN?γ,IL?2,IL?4,IL?5 and TGF?βin cell cultural supernatants were determined by sandwich?ELISA after stimulation with Con A. The liver sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results The worm burden in the combination group(15.80 ± 2.74)was significantly lower than those of the infected control group(27.78 ± 3.15),anti?CD25 mAb group(21.50 ± 4.21),and GST group(20.84 ± 6.46). Compared to those of the infected control group,the percentages of CD4+CD25+Tregs were significantly higher in the GST group,while the percentages of CD4+CD25+Tregs were significantly lower post?anti?CD25 mAb?administration. Regardless of GST administration,the levels of IFN?γ,IL?2,IL?4 and IL?5 after anti?CD25 mAb were significantly higher than those of the in?fected control groups. There were no significant differences of egg granuloma and the level of TGF?βbetween each group. Con?clusion CD4+CD25+Tregs could be partially blocked by anti?CD25 mAb while Th1 and Th2 type immunization response could be enhanced,which plays a role in improving the protective efficacy of GST against of S. japonicum.

Objective To evaluate the effect of positive experience intervention on anxiety, depression and quality of life among rural empty nesters. Methods A total of 115 rural empty nesters were divided into the intervention group (n=58) and the control group (n=57). Both groups received routine community activities. In addition, participants in the intervention group received positive experience intervention. Geriatric Depression Scale, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and 12-item Short-Form Health Survey were adopted to measure the related items before and after the intervention. Results The intervention group showed a significant decrease in anxiety (1.54±0.07) and depression (7.28±3.82), compared with the control group (1.64±0.09, 11.81±6.38), the difference was significant (t=-5.960,-4.613, P<0.01). The Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) was 47.01±6.47 and 52.13±6.22 in the intervention group, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (41.37±8.71, 48.71±6.13), the differences were significant (t=3.937, 2.970, P < 0.01). Conclusions Positive experience intervention can decrease anxiety and depression, and improve quality of life of rural empty nesters.

OBJECTIVETo perform a retrospective cohort study in order to determine the differences in short-term curative effect of ribavirin in combination with interferon alfa (IFNa)-2a vs. pegylated (Peg)-IFNa-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC).

METHODSOne-hundred-and-eighty-eight treatment of the CHC patients who were administered combination therapy of ribavirin with IFNa from 2010 to 2012. One-hundred-and-thirty-three of the patients received the therapy with IFNa-2a and the remaining 55 received Peg-IFNa-2a. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) load and levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured at treatment weeks 4, 12, 24, and 48. Adverse reactions were recorded. Differences between the groups were assessed by statistical analysis.

RESULTSThe patients in the Peg-IFNa-2a group and the IFNa-2a group showed no significant difference in sex distribution, age, smoking habits, or drinking habits at baseline (all P more than 0.05). Both antiviral therapies significantly reduced the HCV load and levels of ALT and AST (baseline levels vs. all treatment weeks examined, P less than 0.05); however, the reduction in the HCV load at week 4 was significantly more robust with the Peg-IFNa-2a therapy (2.96 ± 0.66) log10 IU/ ml vs. (3.47 ± 1.42)1og10 IU/ml; F =4.14, P=0.04). The Peg-IFNa-2a group also showed a significant higher rate of rapid virological response (RVR) than the IFNa-2a group (72.72% vs .57.14%; x²=4.37, P=0.04), but there were no statistically significant differences found between the two groups for early virological response rate (EVR), endpoint antiviral treatment virologic response rate (ETR), biochemical response rate, or rate of adverse reactions (all P more than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONRibavirin in combination with Peg-IFNa-2a produces a better RVR than in combination with IFNa-2a .Yet, the EVR, ETR, biochemical response rate, and rate of adverse reactions is similar for the two forms of IFNa-2a. Further studies are required to determine the potential superiority of Peg-IFNa-2a for a long-term curative effect.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polyethylene Glycols ; therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Ribavirin ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To study the relationship between mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) infection and children asthma,and to observe the treatment effects of macrolide antibiotics (azithromycin) on mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.Methods 250 children of respiratory disease were investigated with olimpus electron gastroscope,200 children asthma;the serum specific antibodies were determined by Diagnostic Kit for measurement of antibodies to mycoplasma pneumoniae (Passive Particle Agglutination) ;and the eosinophilic grannlocytes were serologically analyzed in children with recent asthma.Random selection 42 MP infection positive to macrolides antibiotics (azithromycin) treatment.Results 44 MP infection positive,200 children asthma cases had MP infection with 21％ (42/200) MP positive,the specific antibody titers to MP showed significant difference in children with recent asthma compared with those in the contol group ( x2 =6.14,P ＜ 0.05 ),and correlated with the count of eosinophilic granulocy positively ( r =0.603,P ＜ 0.05) ;The positive rates of specific antibody,infection with MP were significantly higher than those in the control group( t =4.38,P ＜ 0.05 ).MP infection positive group with azithromycin treatment effect is significantly higher than that of cefuroxime group ( x2 =16.18,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion MP infection is closely associated with the pathogenesis of children asthma;and early routine testing for MP antibodies.Macrolides antibiotics can eliminate MP infection,a new generation of macrolides antibiotics(azithromycin) is more advantageous to the control of acute attack of asthma.