OBJECTIVE To summarize the current status of position training for clinical pharmacists in China and provide references for the continuous optimization of such training programs. METHODS SinoMed， CNKI，VIP and Wanfang Data were electronically searched to collect position training of clinical pharmacists studies from the inception until November 5th 2024. After data extraction and quality evaluation， descriptive analysis was performed on the results of the included studies. RESULTS & A total of 68 pieces of relevant literature were included in the study. Among them， 50 studies reported on training content， 49 involved the allocation of teaching resources in the bases， 48 addressed training methods， and 39 focused on training evaluation； only 2 studies mentioned faculty development. There were notable variations in the clinical pharmacist training programs across different bases， particularly in the allocation of teaching resources， such as the composition of the teaching team and the utilization of auxiliary teaching tools. Additionally， differences existed in training approaches， such as those employing a single method versus a blended approach. Conversely， the core training content of each base generally revolved around clinical pharmacy practice， demonstrating a degree of consistency. Moreover， the overall emphasis on teacher training and assessment tended to be obviously insufficient. Each base can focus on enhancing the competence of clinical pharmacists by allocating teaching resources， selecting training methods， improving training content， and using evaluation tools， to further enhance the quality of clinical pharmacist training.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a heterogeneous group of diseases that affect the temporomandibular joint, chewing muscle system, dental occlusion, and even various structures throughout the body, with significant characteristics of biological-psychological-social pattern. TMD related chronic pain, as the most important clinical symptom, can result in negative emotions seriously affecting patients′ quality of life and physical and mental health. Although a variety of therapies have been previously reported to treat TMD related chronic pain, there is a lack of widely recognized therapies. Professor Jason W Busse (from Michael G DeGroote National Pain Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton ON, Canada) took the lead and collaborated with multiple internationally renowned schools/hospitals of stomatology to develop an international consensus on the management of chronic pain associated with TMD, a clinical practice guideline, which took two years and was published in December 15th, 2023 in a global top journal of clinical research The British Medical Journal. This clinical practice guideline explored the comparative effectiveness of available therapies for chronic pain associated with TMD, conditionally recommended the specific intervention for different treatment or pain relief, proposed a comprehensive, agreed, and standardized clinical practice guideline. This present article describes the methodology and key elements of the clinical practice guideline to help clinicians fully understand and appropriately apply this guidance, which could provide the references for clinical practice of TMD associated chronic pain in China.

This paper summarizes the exploration process and academic significance of the academic thought of Zhou Zhongying,a master of traditional Chinese medicine,who took the creation of a new system of TCM pathogenesis theory as the core,and interprets its theoretical connotation.As a pioneer in the construction of higher education textbooks for traditional Chinese medicine,Professor Zhou Zhongying created the outline of TCM internal medicine viscera differentiation,persisted in carrying out innovative research on patho-genesis theory,achieved fruitful academic results,and enriched and developed the academic system of TCM theory.In the clinical di-agnosis and treatment of exogenous febrile diseases and acute and difficult internal injuries,he systematically created new pathogenesis theories such as stasis-heat theory and cancer toxicity theory.Based on this,the legislation of medication can improve the clinical effi-cacy,and it is realized that identifying the pathogenesis is the key link in syndrome differentiation and treatment.In his later years,Professor Zhou Zhongying,guided by the holistic view,proposed the"thirteen pathogenesis"and constructed a new system of TCM pathogenesis differentiation,highlighting the guiding value of complex pathogenesis and the causal chain of pathogenesis elements to complex clinical diseases and syndromes,forming a theory with the idea of"examining syndromes and seeking pathogenesis,activating syndrome differentiation"as its soul.This theory breaks through the rigid thinking of syndrome differentiation and treatment based on a single pathogenesis or fixed syndrome type,reconstructs the theoretical framework of TCM with the idea of holistic view,and is a major academic innovation in modern TCM.

Objective: This meta-analysis aims to refine the understanding of the optimal choice between different cage shapes in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) by systematically comparing perioperative data, radiological outcomes, clinical results, and complications associated with banana-shaped and straight bullet cages. Methods: A meticulous literature search encompassing PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, China Knowledge Network, and Wanfang Data was executed up to October 5, 2023. Inclusion criteria focused on studies comparing banana-shaped and straight bullet cages in TLIF. The quality of included studies was assessed using appropriate tools such as the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for nonrandomized studies. Rigorous evaluations were performed for radiographic outcomes, including disc height (DH), segmental lordosis (SL), lumbar lordosis (LL), subsidence, and fusion rates. Clinical outcomes were meticulously evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and complications. Results: The analysis incorporated 7 studies, involving 573 patients (297 with banana-shaped cages, 276 with straight cages), all with NOS ratings exceeding 5 stars. No statistically significant differences were observed in operative time, blood loss, or hospitalization between the 2 cage shapes. Banana-shaped cages exhibited greater changes in DH (p = 0.001), SL (p = 0.02), and LL (p = 0.01). Despite statistically higher changes in ODI for straight cages (26.33, p < 0.0001), the actual value remained similar to banana-shaped cages (26.15). Both cage types demonstrated similar efficacy in VAS, complication rates, subsidence, and fusion rates. Conclusion Although banana-shaped cages can excel in restoring DH, SL, and LL, straight bullet cages can provide comparable functional improvements, pain relief, and complication rates.

Objective: This meta-analysis aims to refine the understanding of the optimal choice between different cage shapes in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) by systematically comparing perioperative data, radiological outcomes, clinical results, and complications associated with banana-shaped and straight bullet cages. Methods: A meticulous literature search encompassing PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, China Knowledge Network, and Wanfang Data was executed up to October 5, 2023. Inclusion criteria focused on studies comparing banana-shaped and straight bullet cages in TLIF. The quality of included studies was assessed using appropriate tools such as the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for nonrandomized studies. Rigorous evaluations were performed for radiographic outcomes, including disc height (DH), segmental lordosis (SL), lumbar lordosis (LL), subsidence, and fusion rates. Clinical outcomes were meticulously evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and complications. Results: The analysis incorporated 7 studies, involving 573 patients (297 with banana-shaped cages, 276 with straight cages), all with NOS ratings exceeding 5 stars. No statistically significant differences were observed in operative time, blood loss, or hospitalization between the 2 cage shapes. Banana-shaped cages exhibited greater changes in DH (p = 0.001), SL (p = 0.02), and LL (p = 0.01). Despite statistically higher changes in ODI for straight cages (26.33, p < 0.0001), the actual value remained similar to banana-shaped cages (26.15). Both cage types demonstrated similar efficacy in VAS, complication rates, subsidence, and fusion rates. Conclusion Although banana-shaped cages can excel in restoring DH, SL, and LL, straight bullet cages can provide comparable functional improvements, pain relief, and complication rates.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To explore the influence of deviation of the bolt in femoral neck system (FNS) on the short-term outcomes in young and middle-aged patients with displaced femoral neck fracture.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 114 young and middle-aged patients with displaced femoral neck fracture who had been treated with FNS at Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital from December 2019 to January 2023. Based on the postoperative measurements of the deviation of the bolt tip to the central axis of the femoral head and neck (W), the patients were divided into a central group (W≤20%) and a deviation group (W>20%). In the central group of 63 cases, there were 27 males and 36 females with a mean age of (46.4±8.0) years. In the deviation group of 51 cases, there were 20 males and 31 females with a mean age of (45.1±9.8) years. The 2 groups were compared in terms of weight-bearing time, fracture healing time, tip-apex distance, degree of femoral neck shortening, Harris Hip Score and EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire-5L (EQ-5D-5L) utility value at the last follow-up, as well as complications and revision surgeries.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the preoperative general information, auxiliary reduction or quality of fracture reduction between the 2 groups, showing comparability between groups ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the partial weight-bearing time between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). In the central group, the full weight-bearing time [15.0 (14.0, 16.0) weeks] and fracture healing time [14.0 (12.0, 15.0) weeks] were significantly shorter than those in the deviation group [16.0 (15.0, 19.0) weeks; 15.0 (13.0, 17.0) weeks], the tip-apex distance [(21.4±3.4) mm] was significantly shorter than that in the deviation group [(23.5±2.7) mm], the Harris Hip Score [(90.6±6.1) points] and EQ-5D-5L utility value [0.9 (0.8, 0.9)] at the last follow-up were significantly higher than those in the deviation group [(87.7±6.2) points; 0.9 (0.8, 0.9)], and the incidences of moderate and severe femoral neck shortening [25.4% (16/63)], avascular necrosis of the femoral head [0 (0/63)] and revision surgery [0 (0/63)] were significantly lower than those in the deviation group [66.7% (34/51), 7.8% (4/51), 9.8% (5/51)] (all P< 0.05). Conclusion:A closer positioning of the FNS bolt to the central axis of the femoral head and neck favors satisfactory short-term outcomes and a lower revision surgery rate in young and middle-aged patients with displaced femoral neck fracture.

Objective:To summarize the concept, theoretical basis, evaluation tools and mechanisms, influencing factors, and intervention measures of kinesiophobia.Methods:The literature on kinesiophobia in patients undergoing total knee replacement was electronically searched on databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, WanFang Data, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library. The search period was from database establishment to June 24, 2023. This study extracted and analyzed data from the included literature.Results:A total of 32 articles were included. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia was a widely used tool for evaluating kinesiophobia. The influencing factors of kinesiophobia were demographic and disease factors, body motor function, and psychological and social factors. The intervention measures for kinesiophobia mainly included cognitive behavioral intervention, pain health education, exercise, art video or music intervention, multidisciplinary collaborative intervention, and so on.Conclusions:The concept and theoretical basis of kinesiophobia are not yet complete. It is necessary to revise and improve the theoretical model and assessment tool for kinesiophobia and construct an intervention program for kinesiophobia in combination with the concept of rapid rehabilitation.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the risk factors for perioperative malnutrition in aged fracture patients.Methods:A comprehensive search of databases including CNKI, WanFang, VIP, SinoMed, Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, and CINAHL was conducted to identify relevant studies on risk factors for perioperative malnutrition in aged fracture patients from inception to May 10, 2023. Additional grey literature was identified by snowball sampling and manual searches. Two postgraduate students trained in evidence-based nursing independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality of the studies. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.Results:Fourteen original studies were included, covering 46 risk factors for malnutrition. Meta-analysis of factors reported in at least two studies indicated that age≥ 70 years, low body mass index, low hemoglobin, preoperative hypoalbuminemia, female, physical inactivity, non-home residence, low self-care ability, intertrochanteric fracture, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic gastritis, dementia/cognitive decline, cancer, stroke, chronic heart failure, multiple chronic diseases, high Charlson Comorbidity Index, weight loss, depression, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification≥Ⅲ, taking multiple medications≥ 4 types, and longer hospital stays all increased the incidence of perioperative malnutrition in aged fracture patients ( P< 0.05) . Conclusions:The incidence of perioperative malnutrition in the aged fracture population is high and influenced by multiple factors. This highlights the need for healthcare providers to conduct dynamic and precise nutritional screenings for high-risk patients and to implement personalized perioperative nutritional management to prevent malnutrition and promote rapid recovery in aged fracture patients.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of the surgical strategy of reversely opening under the protection of distal thrombectomy stent on anterior circulation tandem lesions.Methods A total of 42 patients with acute ischemic stroke with anterior circulation tandem lesions receiving opening surgery from January 2018 to December 2023 were selected as the study subjects.According to the surgical strategy,the pa-tients were divided into the observation group (n=23,adopting the distant stent protection) and the control group (n=19,adopting the protective umbrella protection).The intraoperative thrombus escape rate,inci-dence rate of 24 h symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH),successful opening rate,total operation time,good prognosis rate and mortality rate on postoperative 90 d were compared between the two groups. Results All patients in the both groups were successfully opened,and the opening rate was 100％.There were no statistically significant differences in the 90 d good prognosis rate and mortality rate,SICH incidence rate at postoperative 24 h and total operation duration between the both groups (P>0.05).The thrombus distal end escape rate in the observation group was lower than that in the control group with statistically significant difference (4.3％ vs. 26.3％,P=0.043).Conclusion In the opening operation of anterior circulation tandem lesions,adopting the reverse opening surgical strategy under the distal stents protection has a lower thrombus escape rate,which is comparable to that of reverse opening under the traditional carotid artery protective um-brella in the aspects of effect and safety.