ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effectiveness and safety of Xiaozhong Zhitong Mixture （消肿止痛合剂） combined with antibiotic bone cement in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer （DFU） with damp-heat obstructing syndrome. MethodsA total of 72 DFU patients with damp-heat obstructing syndrome were randomly assigned to treatment group （36 cases） and the control group （36 cases）. Both groups received standard treatment and topical antibiotic bone cement for ulcer wounds， while the treatment group received oral Xiaozhong Zhitong Mixture （50 ml per time， three times daily） in additionally. Both groups underwent daily wound dressing changes for 21 consecutive days. Ulcer healing rate， serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）， interleukin-1 beta （IL-1β）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， C-reactive protein （CRP）， and white blood cell （WBC） count were observed before and after treatment， and visual analog scale （VAS） scores for wound pain， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome scores， and the DFU Healing Scale （DMIST scale） were also compared. Liver and kidney function were evaluated before and after treatment， and adverse events such as allergic reactions， worsening ulcer pain were recorded. ResultsTotally 35 patients in the treatment group and 33 in the control group were included in the final analysis. The ulcer healing rate in the treatment group was （87.93±9.34）%， significantly higher than （81.82±12.02）% in the control group （P = 0.035）. Compared to pre-treatment levels， both groups showed significant reductions in serum CRP， WBC， MDA， IL-1β， and TNF-α levels， with an increase in SOD level （P＜0.05）. TCM syndrome scores， VAS， and DMIST scores also significantly decreased in both groups （P＜0.05）， with greater improvements in the treatment group （P＜0.05）. No significant adverse reactions were observed in either group during treatment. ConclusionXiaozhong Zhitong Mixture combined with antibiotic bone cement has significant advantages in promoting DFU healing， reducing inflammatory response， and alleviating oxidative stress in DFU patients with damp-heat obstructing syndrome， with good safety for DFU patients with damp-heat obstructing syndrome.

The core idea of occupational health risk assessment models is to systematically evaluate occupational health risks according to target hazard characteristics and relevant exposure levels of workers. Occupational exposure assessment is based on concentration, frequency, exposure time, and other indicators that indicate actual exposure of workers to occupational hazards, which is a critical component of health risk assessment. However, the accuracy and comparability of assessment results are affected by differences in parameter assignment for exposure assessment across different studies, as well as insufficient emphasis on multiple occupational hazard exposure. This review aimed to explore the assignment and standardization of exposure assessment parameters for occupational health risk assessment modeling, and systematically sorted out the meaning, assignment methods, and sources of exposure assessment related parameters in commonly used occupational health risk assessment models, with the goal of providing researchers with standardized assessment tools to enhance the scientific rigor and practicality of occupational health risk assessments. Considering the individual differences and temporal fluctuations in occupational exposure, it is recommended that researchers should adopt appropriate sampling strategies, reasonably select sample subjects and time based on the division of similar exposure group (SEG), and conduct statistical inference on the obtained data to derive representative exposure parameters. For combined exposure to chemicals with similar toxic effects, the health risk assessment methods are relatively mature. However, the assessment of combined exposure to hazards with different properties and health effects still lacks scientific authority and needs further research and discussion.

BACKGROUND:In recent years,it has been found that some traditional Chinese medicine monomers can alleviate oxidative stress and apoptosis of the skin flap,promote vascular regeneration of the skin flap and prevent skin flap necrosis by activating autophagy. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine monomer regulating autophagy in preventing flap necrosis. METHODS:The Chinese and English key words were"traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),autophagy,skin flaps".The first author searched the relevant articles published in CNKI and PubMed databases from January 2010 to October 2022.A total of 196 articles were retrieved in the preliminary screening and then screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The quality assessment was conducted by reading the literature titles and abstracts.Finally,55 articles were summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The regulation of autophagy is mediated by AMPK/mTOR,PI3K/AKT and other signaling pathways.Activation of autophagy can alleviate the oxidative stress and apoptosis of the flap,promote the regeneration of blood vessels in the flap,and prevent flap necrosis.(2)Terpenoids(Betulinic acid,Andrographolide,Notoginseng Triterpenes,Catalpa),phenolic compounds(Resveratrol,Curcumin,Gastrodin),phenolic acids(Salvianolic acid B)and steroid compounds(Pseudoginsenoside F11)in traditional Chinese medicine monomers can alleviate oxidative stress and apoptosis of skin flap by regulating related signaling pathways to activate autophagy,promote skin flap angiogenesis and promote skin flap survival.(3)Studying the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine monomer to prevent flap necrosis by regulating autophagy can provide a reference and theoretical basis for traditional Chinese medicine to prevent flap necrosis and promote flap healing in the clinic.

BACKGROUND:Persistent hyperglycemia has been identified as promoting neurovascular dysfunction,leading to irreversible endothelial dysfunction,increased neuronal apoptosis,oxidative stress and inflammation.These changes in combination or alone lead to microvascular and macrovascular lesions as well as progressive neuropathy.Noncoding RNAs may provide a new strategy for understanding the etiology,pathogenesis and treatment of the disease. OBJECTIVE:To review the role and mechanism of noncoding RNAs in the occurrence and development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy by reviewing relevant literature at home and abroad,in order to provide new ideas and approaches for noncoding RNAs in the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of diabetes neuropathy. METHODS:CNKI and PubMed were retrieved for relevant literature published from database inception to 2022.The key words were"noncoding RNA;lncRNA;miRNA;diabetes peripheral neuropathy;expression profile"in Chinese and English,respectively.The retrieved documents were summarized and analyzed,and 61 articles were finally selected for further review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Noncoding RNA plays a key role in the pathophysiological process of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Among the most widely studied regulatory noncoding RNA species,there are long noncoding RNAs,circular RNAs and microRNAs.(2)Through the regulation of noncoding RNAs,the activation or inhibition of related cell pathways,inflammatory genes and downstream-related cytokines will inhibit cell apoptosis,improve inflammation,and thus change the expression of target genes to participate in the process of diabetic neuralgia.(3)Although many microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs have been found to participate in diabetic peripheral neuropathy,the mechanisms of many noncoding RNAs are unclear,and the same noncoding RNAs may play different roles in different modes.Therefore,it is necessary to further study their action modes in disease etiology and pathology,thereby clarifying their role in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.However,the criteria for evaluating noncoding RNA activity have not yet been established,and further research is needed on which specific noncoding RNAs play a dominant regulatory role.(4)MicroRNAs,long noncoding RNAs and their target genes can regulate progressive neuropathy,which are expected to become new targets for the clinical prevention and treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and new biomarkers for the development and prognosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

With the advance of research, non-coding RNA has been found to surpass the traditional definition to directly code functional proteins by coding sequence elements and binding with ribosomes. Among the non-coding RNAs, the function of circRNA encoded proteins has been most extensively studied. This study has used "circRNA", "encoded", and "translation" as the key words to search the PubMed and Web of Science databases. The retrieved literature was screened and traced, with the translation mechanism, related research methods, and correlation with diseases of circRNA reviewed. CircRNA can translate proteins through a non-cap-dependent pathway. Multiple molecular techniques, in particular mass spectrometry analysis, have important value in identifying unique peptide segments of circRNA encoded proteins for confirming their existence. The proteins encoded by the circRNA are involved in the pathogenesis of diseases of the digestive, neurological, urinary systems and the breast, and have the potential to serve as novel targets for disease diagnosis and treatment. This article has provided a comprehensive review for the basic theory, experimental methods, and disease-related research in the field of circRNA translation, which may provide clues for the identification of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

Gegen Qinliantang is a representative prescription for dual releasing of exterior and interior and treating diarrhea with fever in the Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases （《伤寒杂病论》）. This prescription consists of Puerariae Lobatae Radix， Scutellariae Radix， Coptidis Rhizoma， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle. The combination of the four herbal medicines has the ability to clear both the exterior and the interior， thereby halting diarrhea and clearing heat. According to the idea of treating different diseases with the same method， Gegen Qinliantang is used in clinical practice to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）， which demonstrates positive outcomes. T2DM is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. The etiology and pathogenesis of T2DM are complex， mainly related to heredity， lifestyle， environment， diet and other factors. Clinical observations and experimental studies have shown that Gegen Qinliantang and its effective ingredients have significant effects of preventing and treating T2DM. Clinically， Gegen Qinliantang is often applied with modification， or in combination with Western drugs， demonstrating better therapeutic effects than Western drugs alone. Clinical practice has confirmed that Gegen Qinliantang can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms， reduce the occurrence of complications， and alleviate gastrointestinal adverse reactions in T2DM patients. Experimental studies have demonstrated that Gegen Qinliantang can ameliorate insulin resistance and boost pancreatic function by regulating the insulin and inflammation signaling pathways， alleviating oxidative stress， and modulating gut microbiota to treat T2DM. Nevertheless， more thorough studies remain to be carried out to decipher the mechanism of Gegen Qinliantang in ameliorating insulin resistance in T2DM. To provide theoretical and data references for the subsequent in-depth research on the mechanism of Gegen Qinliantang in treating T2DM and the prevention and treatment of this disease， this article systematically reviews the clinical and experimental research progress of Gegen Qinliantang in ameliorating insulin resistance in T2DM.

In the context of facing the dual challenges of aging population and declining birth rates, the absolute number of working-age population in China is decreasing, while the proportion of middle-aged and elderly workers is significantly increasing. However, China possesses a vast labor force, and the advantages of talent dividend are gradually emerging, both of which can offset the negative impact of the shrinking demographic dividend on social productivity. Labor is the most active factor among various production factors and is an important component for developing new quality productive forces. With the development of new quality productive forces, occupational health and occupational medicine are presented with new development opportunities. In the process of aging of the labor force, occupational health and occupational medicine can investigate how to utilize next-generation information technology, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and other growth engines to safeguard the occupational health of workers, extend their working lives, actively unleash their creativity and initiative, and compensate for the labor shortage caused by an aging population and the potential decrease in labor productivity. This transformation in occupational health and occupational medicine is not only crucial for the health and career development of workers in an aging society, but will also have a positive impact on the creation of an age-friendly society and the sustainable development of productivity.

[Objective] To determine the feasibility of preparing plasminogen (Pg) with Fraction Ⅲ precipitation (hereinafter referred to as FⅢ-P) from low-temperature ethanol process by full chromatography (hereinafter referred to as FⅢ-P process). [Methods] The FⅢ-P was diluted with dissolution buffer at different dilution times and stirring time. The potency and antigen concentration of Pg in dissolution sample were detected and the dissolution and clarification conditions were determined. Pre-treatment of loading sample and pre-experiment of affinity chromatography were carried out on the FⅢ-P dissolution sample to judge whether the loading sample had an impact on the chromatography by observing the performance of the affinity chromatography column and to evaluate whether the affinity chromatography could achieve the purpose of purifying Pg by detecting the plasma protein antigen concentration and Pg potency of the samples in the process. Two batches of FⅢ-P process were studied step by step, and the specific activity, steps and total recovery, and the output of Pg per ton of plasma were calculated. The feasibility of preparing Pg by FⅢ-P process was evaluated by comparing with the data of full chromatography process using plasma as raw material (hereinafter referred to as plasma process). [Results] The FⅢ-P was dissolved with 10 times of dissolution buffer, stirred for 1 hour, centrifuged at room temperature of 10 000×g for 15 minutes. The supernatant was first filtered with a screen, then clarified with an 8/0.8 μm filter, and finally filtered with a 0.45/0.2 μm filter and loaded. Pre-test showed that from clarification and filtration to Pg affinity chromatography, the step recovery of activity and antigen was 39.51% and 108.64%, respectively, the antigen concentration of Pg increased by 31.16 times and the activity increased by 11.39 times after affinity chromatography, which reaching the effect of affinity chromatography purification of Pg. The results of 2 batches of step-by-step scale-up FⅢ-P process showed that the total recoveries of antigen and activity from plasma to SP chromatography of FⅢ-P process were (45.76±1.10)% and (24.15±0.59)%, respectively, which had a total loss of about 1/3 of antigen and about 2/3 of activity compared to the plasma process. The Pg specific activity of SP chromatography eluent was (4.68±0.25) U/mg, which was about half of that of plasma process, but meeted the internal standard of > 4 U/mg. The output of Pg antigen per ton of plasma in the FⅢ-P process was 68.73% of that in the plasma process, and the output of Pg activity per ton of plasma in the plasma process was 29.82% of that in the plasma process, which basically achieved the purpose of waste utilization of FⅢ-P. [Conclusion] The technical route of preparing Pg from FⅢ-P by full chromatography is feasible.

Neurologic autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the immune system attacks the nervous sys-tem resulting in dysfunctional impairments.The role of gut microbiota in the development of neurologic autoimmune diseases has gained widespread attention in recent years.The development of autoimmune diseases is often accompanied by intestinal flo-ra disorders and microbial metabolite abnormalities.Disturbances of the intestinal flora are characterized by changes in the diver-sity and composition of the flora,as well as an increase in pathogens.When intestinal microecological imbalances result in unsuc-cessful maintenance of immune homeostasis,they may be involved in the development of various autoimmune diseases through diverse mechanisms such as neural pathways,endocrine,and immune-inflammatory networks.This article reviews the relation-ship between common neurologic autoimmune diseases(such as multiple sclerosis,optic neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,autoimmune encephalitis,myasthenia gravis,Guillain-Barré syndrome,and chronic Guillain-Barré syndrome)and gut microbiota,and explores future therapeutic approaches for neurologic autoimmune diseases that may involve the gut microbiota.

Objective To investigate the pathomorphological features of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)lymphoma of the lacrimal gland and the expression and significance of BCL10 and MALT1 in tumor tissues.Methods Diseased lacrimal gland tissue specimens from 19 patients with lacrimal gland MALT lymphoma(19 eyes,including nine right eyes and ten left eyes)were selected as the experimental group,and normal lacrimal gland tissue specimens from eight patients with orbital content removal(eight eyes,including three right eyes and five left eyes)were selected as the control group.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was performed to observe the mor-phological characteristics of the lacrimal gland tissues,and immunohistochemical(IHC)staining was performed to observe the expression of BCL10 and MALT1 in the lacrimal gland tissues.Results In the experimental group,marginal B cells,monocyte-like tumor cells,small lymphocyte-like tumor cells,and plasma cell-like tumor cells appeared in the marginal zone.Large cells were occasionally distri-buted among these cells.The tumor cells invaded the lymphoid follicles and epithelium,destroyed normal tissue structure,and formed follicular colonization and lymphoepithelial lesions.The positive expression area of BCL10 and MALT1 in the experimental group was sig-nificantly larger than that in the control group(Z=-2.177,P=0.029;t=3.237,P=0.003).Conclusion Lacrimal gland MALT lymphoma shows pathological changes in diffusely distributed marginal B cells and tumor cells with diverse morphology,acquired lymphoid follicles,and scattered distribution of large cells.This may be related to apoptosis blockage caused by the upregulation of BCL10 and MALT1 expression.