OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for r ational use of TCM decoction piece. METHODS ：Electronic questionnaire survey was conducted on the use （dose，ingredient number ）of TCM decoction piece prescriptions in 12 TCM hospitals from 10 provinces（regions，cities）. Through the hospital information system ，416 100 outpatient prescriptions of TCM decoction piece were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM （our hospital ）during May 2016 to Apr. 2019，and were analyzed in terms of prescription dose ，the number of ingredients and use of TCM decoction pieces. At the same time ，the use of TCM decoction piece prescription were analyzed in different departments ，and the clinical application status of TCM decoction pieces prescription were investigated and relevant suggestions were put forward. RESULTS ：The average dose of TCM decoction piece prescriptions in 12 hospitals were 129.60-245.00 g，and the average number of ingredients were 11.90-18.25；the average dose of TCM decoction piece prescriptions in pediatric department was lower than other departments. The average dose of TCM decoction piece prescriptions in our hospital was 242.21 g；55.75％ of the prescription dose were distributed in 201-300 g，and 15.22％ were over 300 g. The average number of ingredients in prescriptions was about 15，and the prescriptions with 11-20 ingredients accounted for 87.75％，those with more than 20 ingredients accounted for 6.64％. Top 20 TCM decoction pieces in TCM prescriptions of our hospital had different degrees of overdose. Three decoction pieces with the highest frequency of overdose were Radix Curcumae processed by vinegar （85.51％），Atractylodes macrocephala stir-fried with bran （82.10％）and A. macrocephala（79.13％）. The number of TCM decoction piece prescriptions in internal medicine department accounted for 40.84％ in our hospital ；there were a lot of TCM prescriptions with dose exceeding 300 g（11.98％ and 18.69％）and the number of ingredients exceeding 18（14.60％ and 9.53％）in internal medicine department and surgery department. The proportion of pediatric TCM decoction piece prescriptions with more than 18 ingredients accounted for 24.09％. CONCLUSIONS ：The overall dosage of TCM decoction piece prescriptions is relatively high ，the number of ingredients is too much ，and the overdose of single-flavored TCM decoction piece is common. Internal medicine department and surgery department should focus on controlling the number of and the dosage of single-flavored decoction pieces of TCM prescriptions to standardize the prescribed dosage. Gynecology department needs to focus on controlling the dosage of single-flavored TCM pieces and pediatrics department should pay special attention to the use of prescription ingredients ，so as to ensure a more scientific and reasonable standard for the clinical application of TCM decoction piece.

Pulmonary embolism is a clinical and pathophysiological syndrome caused by endogenous or exogenous emboli obstructing the pulmonary artery , and its branches causing acute pulmonary circulatory disturbances .Venous thromboembolism is a complex multifactorial disease that involves the interaction of secondary or hereditary thrombosis and various risk factors such as trauma and surgery .With the characteristics of high incidence , misdiagnosis and high mortality ,this study explored the risk factors for pulmonary thromboembolism .Finding its risk factors is the main method to reduce the incidence of pulmonary embolism and reduce the severity of pulmonary embolism.

Objective To develop a device for stretch-induced injury to cultured cells and measure the injury parameters.It makes possible to observe the changes of cell configuration and function directly after injury. Methods The device was developed based on aero-dynamical principle,and consisted of mini-type air compressor,electromagnetic valve,pressure transmitter,PGA amplifier,A/D converter and computer.The computer can accurately control the injury parameters.A new method and device were first introduced to measure the deformation rate and deformation degree of silastic membrance in the stretch induced cultured cell injury process.The device controlled by the computer was used to cause the astrocyte injury.The degree of cell injury was assessed qualitatively by electron microscopy,and quantitatively by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) enzyme release and trypan blue staining.Results The experiment results showed that the injury of different levels could be reproduced by our device under the injury parameters we set.Conclusion The injury device and the measuring system meet the requirements of our design.The results suggested that the new device and the method were much better than those reported in foreign literature.It has the advantages of simple and convenient manipulation,high precision and real-time processing.It can be used for the cell-level experiment research.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the histopathological changes in the liver and other organs after impact injury.

METHODSThe rabbits were impacted with a BIM-IV biological impacting machine at the xiphoid process. The severity of liver injury was graded and scored through gross anatomy. At the same time, the pathological changes in the liver, heart, and lung were observed by light and electron microscopes.

RESULTSLight microscopy showed that the pathological changes in the liver were: 1) loss of normal structure, hemorrhage and distortion of hepatic lobules; 2) cloudy swelling, degeneration, vacuolation and necrosis of liver cells; 3) infiltration of neutrophils. The lungs were injured and there were liver cell emboli in the small pulmonary arteries. Electron microscopy showed that the ultrastructure of the liver cells was severely damaged and the cells had significant features of necrosis.

CONCLUSIONSThe major pathomorphological changes in the liver after impact injury are hemorrhage and necrosis. They may be complicated by exfoliation of liver cells to hepatic sinusoids. These cells circulate with the blood to form emboli in the pulmonary blood vessels.

Animals ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; pathology ; Liver ; injuries ; pathology ; Male ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Necrosis ; Rabbits