AIM: To investigate the effect of residual astigmatism on visual quality after phacoemulsification combined with regional refractive intraocular lens(IOL)implantation in patients with age-related cataract, and to evaluate the astigmatism inclusivity of regional refractive IOL.METHODS: Retrospective cohort study. The clinical data of 62 cases(73 eyes)of age-related cataract patients who underwent phacoemulsification combined with regional refractive IOL(Lentis Comfort LS-313 MF15)implantation from July 2020 to March 2022 at the ophthalmology department of our hospital were collected. They were grouped according to residual astigmatism at 6 mo postoperatively, taking 35 cases(40 eyes)with residual astigmatism of 0.75 D to 1.50 D as the experimental group, and 27 cases(33 eyes)with residual astigmatism ≤0.75 D as the control group. Visual acuity, defocus curves, objective visual acuity [wavefront aberrations, Strehl ratio(SR), modulation transfer functions(MTF)], subjective visual acuity(national eye institute visual function questionnaire-25), patients' satisfaction, and spectacle independence were compared between the two groups at 6 mo postoperatively.RESULTS:There was a difference in the preoperative astigmatism and the number of postoperative 6 mo residual astigmatism between the two groups(P<0.01). At 6 mo postoperatively, there was no difference in uncorrected distance, intermediate, and near visual acuity, objective visual quality, subjective visual quality, satisfaction, and spectacle independence between the two groups(P>0.05). The defocus curves showed that there was no difference in visual acuity between the two groups at all points in the +2.00 to -4.00 D defocus range of the additional spherical equivalent(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Lentis Comfort LS-313 MF15 IOL was able to accommodate regular astigmatism of 1.50 D.

Objective To investigate the effect of residual corneal astigmatism on visual acuity after regional refrac-tive intraocular lens(IOL)implantation.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted.The medical records and follow-up data of 73 eyes of 57 cataract patients who underwent ultrasound emulsification cataract extraction combined with LENTIS Comfort LS-313 MF15 IOL implantation in the Ophthalmology Department of the Hebei General Hospital from June 2020 to March 2022 were collected.These patients were grouped according to postoperative residual corneal astigmatism:32 patients(40 eyes)with a residual corneal astigmatism of 0.75(exclusive)-1.50 D were taken as the experimental group,and 25 patients(33 eyes)with a residual corneal astigmatism ≤0.75 D were taken as the control group.The uncor-rected distance visual acuity(5 m),uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(80 cm),uncorrected near visual acuity(40 cm),out-of-focus curve,objective visual quality,subjective visual quality,satisfaction degree and lens removal rate of pa-tients in the two groups were recorded 6 months postoperatively.Results The postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity(logMAR)was 0.10(0.00,0.22),the uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(logMAR)was 0.00(0.00,0.10),and the uncorrected near visual acuity(logMAR)was 0.20(0.10,0.30)and 0.20(0.10,0.20)in the experimental and control groups,with no statistically significant differences(all P＞0.05).The postoperative out-of-focus curves showed that the distance visual acuity of patients with additional spherical equivalent refraction ranged from+2.00 D to-4.00 D in the two groups had no statistically significant difference(all P＞0.05).There were statistically significant differences in to-tal aberration,coma aberration,modulation transfer function and Strehl ratio in the objective visual quality of patients after surgery(all P＜0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference in the total higher-order aberration,spherical ab-erration and cloverleaf aberration(all P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the subjective visual quality,satisfaction degree and lens removal rate in the two groups(all P＞0.05).Conclusion Residual corneal astig-matism of 0.75 D to 1.50 D after LENTIS Comfort LS-313 MF15 IOL implantation has no effect on higher-order aberration,spherical aberration,and cloverleaf aberration in subjective and objective visual quality,and has an impact on total aberra-tion,coma aberration,modulation transfer function and Strehl ratio in objective visual quality.

Since the first intraocular lens(IOL)was implanted by Harold Ridley in 1949 and the widespread use of depth-of-focus extended intraocular lens(EDOF IOL)clinically, the IOL has been constantly updated and developed, aiming to provide patients with good postoperative visual quality. The residual astigmatism is one of the important factors affecting the postoperative visual quality of cataract patients, 35%-40% of cataract patients have astigmatism of 1.00 D, and 19%-22% have astigmatism of 1.50 D. Therefore, it is important to understand the inclusiveness of EDOF IOL for astigmatism, so that the right IOL can be selected for the patient. This article summarizes the inclusiveness of different types of EDOF IOL for astigmatism and their advantages and disadvantages, with the expectation that it will provide a reference in selecting EDOF IOL for patients with different residual astigmatism.

Zuoguiwan， one of the classic formulas of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， has the effects of nourishing genuine Yin， supplementing essence， and replenishing marrow， and it is widely used in the clinical treatment of diseases caused by congenital essence deficiency. This article systematically reviewed the ancient books involving congenital deficiency and the modern research reports on the treatment of congenital deficiency with Zuoguiwan. From the formulation principle of Zuoguiwan and the TCM concept of congenital deficiency， this article discussed the theoretical basis of treating congenital deficiency with Zuoguiwan based on the modern research results. Ancient physicians have discovered that the deficiency of parents can lead to abnormal physical development and weakness of the offspring. ZHANG Jingyue divided congenital essence Qi into genuine Yin and primordial Yang and formulated Zuoguiwan based on the principle of Yin-Yang mutual assistance for supplementing congenital genuine Yin. Experimental studies have shown that Zuoguiwan can up-regulate the expression of connexin 43 （Cx43） protein and improve gap junction intercellular communication （GJIC） function to promote osteogenic differentiation and maturation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and ameliorate abnormal bone development caused by congenital essence deficiency. Zuoguiwan can enhance the expression and activity of Reelin to ameliorate abnormal brain development. It can upregulate the expression of Cx43 protein to intervene in the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） pathway， thus repairing the reproductive functions. Zuiguiwan can promote the development and maturation of T cells and activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the thymus to improve immune functions. In addition， it can promote the expression of β-catenin and inhibit the expression of microtubule-associated proteins 1 light chain 3 （LC3） to attenuate skin dysfunctions. Moreover， Zuoguiwan can guide the differentiation of stem cells via the correlation between essence and vitality in TCM. Zuoguiwan has demonstrated significant therapeutic effects on some diseases in the pediatric， andrological， gynecological， geriatric， internal medicine， orthopedic and skin disease departments. On the basis of the results of experiments and clinical applications， this paper analyzes the specific connotation of congenital deficiency proposes that congenital deficiency should be subdivided into the four aspects of essence， Qi， Yin， and Yang. Congenital essence deficiency as the deficiency of genuine Yin can lead to deficiency of kidney essence in the offspring and dysfunction of kidney storing essence. Pharmacological studies have discovered that Cuscutae Semen， Lycii Fructus， and Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix in Zuoguiwan contain active components such as quercetin and kaempferol， which act on the targets such as recombinant prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 （PTGS2）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， mitogen-activated protein kinases （MAPK14）， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）， TP53， Vascular permeability factor A （VEGFA）， and albumin （ALB） to play a role in reproductive system development and hormone responses. Zuoguiwan has unique advantages over Liuwei Dihuangwan in nourishing congenital genuine Yin in the kidney and can achieve better therapeutic effects on the syndromes and diseases caused by congenital essence deficiency. This review is expected to enrich the knowledge about the efficacy and clinical application of Zuoguiwan， provide new perspectives and methods for the prevention and treatment of congenital deficiency and congenital essence deficiency， and give insights into the application of Zuoguiwan in modern healthcare， especially in the nurturing of offspring.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Zuoguiwan on the ovarian function in the rat model of cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian failure （POF） based on the changes of ferroptosis pathway. MethodForty SD rats were randomized into blank， model， and low- and high-dose （2， 8 g·kg^-1， respectively） Zuoguiwan groups， with 10 rats in each group. The rats in the other groups except the normal group were intraperitoneally injected with CTX at a dose of 50 mg·kg^-1 on the first day and 8 mg·kg^-1 from the second day to the fifteenth day for the modeling of POF. After modeling， the rats were administrated with corresponding drugs or normal saline by gavage for four weeks. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe the pathological changes in the ovarian tissue. The mitochondria of the ovarian tissue was observed by electron microscopy. The serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， estradiol （E₂）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， anti-Mullerian hormone （AMH）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， catalase （CAT）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and iron ion were measured by biochemical methods and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4）， solute carrier family 7 member 11 （SLC7A11）， ferritin heavy chain （FTH1）， and acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 （ACSL4）. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showcased significantly increased atretic follicles， atrophied， fragmented， and vacuolated mitochondria， and reduced， loose， and disordered cristae in mitochondria. Compared with the model group， high-dose Zuoguiwan increased mature follicles， the volume of mitochondria in the ovary， alleviated the vacuolation， and improved the number and arrangement of mitochondrial cristae. Compared with the blank group， the modeling elevated the levels of iron， MDA， FSH， and LH， up-regulated the expression of GPX4， SLC7A11， and FTH1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， decreased the activities of SOD and CAT， lowered the levels of E₂ and AMH， and down-regulated the expression of ACSL4 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， drug interventions lowered the levels of iron， MDA， FSH， and LH， down-regulated the expression of GPX4， SLC7A11， and FTH1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased the activity of CAT， elevated the levels of E₂ and AMH， and up-regulated the expression of ACSL4 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionZuoguiwan may inhibit the occurrence of ferroptosis by regulating the SLC7A11/GPX4 axis， thereby improving the ovarian function of POF rats.

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors of thyroid volume in children aged 8 - 10 in Yunnan Province, and provide scientific basis for improving iodine deficiency disorders monitoring.Methods:From March to July 2020, in 129 counties (cities, districts) under the jurisdiction of Yunnan Province, each county (city, district) was divided into 5 sampling areas based on east, west, south, north, and middle. One township was selected from each area, and 40 non-boarding children aged 8 - 10 from one primary school were selected from each township (age balanced, half male and half female) as survey subjects. One random urine sample and household edible salt samples were collected for urine iodine and salt iodine testing, and physical examination and thyroid volume measurement were conducted for children. The influencing factors of thyroid volume were analyzed using Pearson correlation.Results:A total of 24 934 urine samples were collected from children, with a median urine iodine of 233.2 μg/L. A total of 24 933 household edible salt samples were collected from children, the median salt iodine was 24.17 mg/kg, and the qualified rate of iodized salt was 96.63% (24 003/24 839); A total of 24 937 children were examined of their thyroid gland, with a median thyroid volume of 2.62 ml and a goiter rate of 1.12% (280/24 937). Among them, there were 12 410 boys and 12 527 girls, with thyroid volumes of 2.61 and 2.64 ml, respectively. The thyroid volume of boys was positively correlated with age, height, weight, body mass index, body surface area, and salt iodine ( r = 0.15, 0.21, 0.26, 0.18, 0.25, 0.03, P < 0.001). The thyroid volume of girls was positively correlated with age, height, weight, body mass index, and body surface area ( r = 0.17, 0.26, 0.28, 0.17, 0.27, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Children aged 8 - 10 in Yunnan Province are at an iodine excess level; the age, weight, height, body mass index, and body surface area are influencing factors of thyroid volume.

Objectives:To investigate the safety and efficacy of concomitant mitral valvuloplasty(MVP)and implantation of domestic third-generation magnetically levitated Corheart 6 left ventricular assist device(LVAD). Methods:Clinical data of 13 end-stage heart failure patients who underwent Corheart 6 LVAD implantation and MVP at Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Mortality and complication events during hospitalization and at follow-up were collected,and changes in myocardial injury biomarkers,renal function,hemodynamics,and echocardiographic indices were observed. Results:There were no perioperative deaths and no MVP-related complications in these patients.During a mean follow-up of(14.2±5.6)months,2 patients died due to COVID-19 pneumonia and cardiac arrest respectively,11 cases(84.6%)survived.There were no recurrences of moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation in the survived patients.Compared with preoperative value,higher cardiac output,lower central venous pressure,pulmonary artery systolic pressure(PASP),and mean pulmonary artery pressure(PAMP)were evidenced at 24 h and 72 h postoperatively,estimated glomerular filtration rate was also reduced at 1 week post operation(all P<0.010).High-sensitive troponin T level was significantly increased at 1 week post operation and then reduced at 1 month post operation,but still not returned to pre-operative level([125.5±281.9]pg/ml at baseline,[1 295.6±654.6]pg/ml at 1 week post operation and[278.0±300.5]pg/ml at 1 month post operation).Echocardiography showed that compared with preoperative period,the left ventricular ejection fraction tended to be higher at 1 and 6 months postoperatively(both P>0.017),whereas left ventricular end-diastolic dimension,PASP,and PAMP were significantly reduced(all P<0.010). Conclusions:Domestic third-generation magnetically levitated Corheart 6 LVAD implantation with concomitant MVP is safe and feasible,there is no recurrence of moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation,a significant reduction in pulmonary artery pressure,and significant hemodynamic improvement in early to mid-term postoperatively are observed in survived patients.

Objective To explore the correlations between image quality of prospective and retrospective electrocardiogram(ECG)-gated CT coronary angiogram and radiation dose in patients with different heart rates.Methods A total of 135 patients undergoing 256-slice spiral CT coronary angiography were enrolled in the study.Among them,66 cases received prospective ECG-gated scanning(prospective ECG-gated group)and further divided into two subgroups with heart rate≤80 beats/min(prospective ECG-gated+low heart rate subgroup,n=39)and>80 beats/min(prospective ECG-gated+high heart rate subgroup,n=27).The other 69 cases underwent retrospective ECG-gated scanning(retrospective ECG-gated group),including 45 cases with heart rate≤80 beats/min(retrospective ECG-gated+low heart rate subgroup)and 24 with heart rate>80 beats/min(retrospective ECG-gated+high heart rate subgroup).The baseline data,image quality[mean CT value,image noise,signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),subjective image quality score]and radiation dos[CT volume dose index(CTDIvol),dose length product(DLP),effective dose(ED)]were compared among 4 subgroups.The correlations of image quality with heart rate and radiation dose in prospective and retrospective ECG-gated groups were analyzed.Results The heart rates in prospective and retrospective ECG-gated+low heart rate subgroups were lower than those in prospective and retrospective ECG-gated+high heart rate subgroups(P<0.05).When comparing the mean CT value,image noise,SNR and subjective image quality score among 4 subgroups,no statistically significant differences were observed(P>0.05).The CTDIvol,DLP and ED in prospective ECG-gated+low heart rate subgroup were significantly lower than those in the other 3 subgroups(P<0.05),and the indicators in prospective ECG-gated+high heart rate subgroup were lower than those in retrospective ECG-gated group(including low and high heart rate subgroups)(P<0.05).Pearson correlation coefficient analysis revealed that the mean CT value,image noise,SNR,subjective image quality score had no significant correlation with heart rate,CTDIvol,DLP and ED in prospective and retrospective ECG-gated groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The subjective and objective image quality of 256-slice spiral CT coronary angiography is not correlated with radiation dose.Prospective ECG-gated scanning can reduce the radiation dose and ensure the image quality as compared with retrospective ECG-gated scanning.This holds true for eligible patients with high heart rate,and the former can effectively reduce radiation exposure.Therefore,prospective ECG-gated scanning is worthy to be promoted in clinic.

Objective To compare the early outcomes of domestic third-generation magnetically levitated left ventricular assist device (LVAD) with or without concomitant mitral valvuloplasty (MVP). Methods The clinical data of 17 end-stage heart failure patients who underwent LVAD implantation combined with preoperative moderate to severe mitral regurgitation in Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital from May 2018 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into a LVAD group and a LVAD+MVP group based on whether MVP was performed simultaneously, and early outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results There were 4 patients in the LVAD group, all males, aged (43.5±5.9) years, and 13 patients in the LVAD+MVP group, including 10 males and 3 females, aged (46.8±16.7) years. All the patients were successful in concomitant MVP without mitral reguragitation occurrence. Compared with the LVAD group, the LVAD+MVP group had a lower pulmonary artery systolic pressure and pulmonary artery mean pressure 72 h after operation, but the difference was not statistically different (P>0.05). Pulmonary artery systolic pressure was significantly lower 1 week after operation, as well as pulmonary artery systolic blood pressure and pulmonary artery mean pressure at 1 month after operation (P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in blood loss, operation time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross-clamping time, mechanical ventilation time, or ICU stay time between the two groups (P>0.05). The differences in 1-month postoperative mortality, acute kidney injury, reoperation, gastrointestinal bleeding, and thrombosis and other complications between the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion Concomitant MVP with implantation of domestic third-generation magnetically levitated LVAD is safe and feasible, and concomitant MVP may improve postoperative hemodynamics without significantly increasing perioperative mortality and complication rates.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical methods for correcting pollybeak deformity in Chinese rhinoplasty.Methods:A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients who underwent pollybeak correction between January 2021 and December 2022 at the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Individualized correction was tailored based on the etiology and severity of the nasal deformity of each patient, involving techniques such as resection of the anterior part of the nasal septum, reconstruction of nasal tip support, reconstruction of the middle part of the nasal vault, and excision of skin in the upper region of the nasal tip. A modified classification system for pollybeak deformity, the supratip fullness rating scale (SFRS), was developed to evaluate supratip fullness (0-3 points, with higher scores indicating more apparent deformity). The patients aesthetic outcomes were assessed by surgeons using the visual analogue scale (VAS) (0-10 points, with higher scores indicating more apparent deformity), and patient self-assessed using the rhinoplasty outcome evaluation (ROE) questionnaire (0-100 points, with higher scores indicating higher satisfaction). The measurement data of normal distribution was expressed as Mean±SD and analyzed by paired t-test; the measurement data of non-normal distribution was expressed as M( Q1, Q3) and analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results:In a cohort study of 53 rhinoplasty patients (7 male, 46 female; age range 19-45 years, mean 29 years), comprising 15 primary and 38 secondary surgeries, nasal tip deformities were evaluated. Deformities were classified as mild (5 cases), moderate (25 cases), and severe (23 cases). Over a follow-up period of 6-17 months (mean 9.5 months), significant aesthetic improvements in the nasal tip region were observed. The SFRS scores decreased from 2(2, 3) preoperatively to 0(0, 0) postoperatively ( Z = -6.58, P < 0.001), and VAS scores decreased from 7.47±1.73 to 1.79±1.67 ( t = -25.61, P < 0.001). High patient satisfaction was indicated by a mean ROE score of 82.45±11.55. No significant complications, such as nasal tip ptosis, skin necrosis, or scar hyperplasia, were reported. Conclusion:Selecting an appropriate surgical method based on the severity and cause of pollybeak deformity can achieve satisfactory outcomes. Post-operative patients exhibit significant aesthetic improvement in the upper nasal tip area, resulting in high patient satisfaction.