ObjectiveTo observe the effectiveness and safety of the Chinese herbal medicine Mingshi Granules （明视方颗粒） for low myopia in children with heart yang insufficiency. MethodsA multicentre， prospective， double-blind randomised controlled study was conducted， in which 290 children with low myopia from 8 centres were randomly divided into 145 cases in the treatment group and 145 cases in the control group， and the treatment group was given education， dispensing glasses， and Chinese herbal medicine Mingshi Granules， while the control group was given education， dispensing glasses， and granules placebo. Both Mingshi Granules and placebo granules were taken orally， 1 bag each time， twice daily， 4 weeks of oral intake and 2 weeks of rest as 1 course of treatment， a total of 4 courses of treatment （24 weeks）. Equivalent spherical lenses， best naked-eye distance visual acuity， ocular axis， corneal curvature K1， adjustment amplitude， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom scores， calculate the amount of progression of equivalent spherical lenses， were observed at the 12th and the 24th week of treatment， at the 36th week and 48th week of follow-up， resectively， the control rate of myopia progression was evaluated at the 24th week， and safety indexes were observed before treatment. ResultsThe amount of progression of equivalent spherical lenses was lower in the treatment group than in the control group at the 48-week follow-up （P＜0.05）. The control rate of myopia progression at 24 weeks after treatment in the treatment group was higher （57.60%， 72/125） than that in the control group （44.63%， 54/121） （P＜0.05）. The best naked-eye distance visual acuity at 36-week follow-up in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group （P＜0.05）. Equivalent spherical lenses were significantly lower in both groups at all observation time points compared with pre-treatment （P＜0.05）， and were higher in the treatment group than in the control group at the 48-week follow-up （P＜0.05）. The ocular axes of both groups were significantly higher at each observation time point after treatment and at follow-up compared with before treatment （P＜0.05）. The amount of eye axis growth in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group at 24 weeks after treatment and at the 48-week follow-up （P＜0.05）. Corneal curvature K1 was significantly lower in the treatment group at the 24th week of treatment compared to pre-treatment （P＜0.05）. The magnitude of adjustment in the treatment group was significantly higher at the 36-week follow-up and at the 48-week follow-up than before treatment （P＜0.05）. The scores of white/dark complexion， white coating thin pulse， fatigue and total TCM symptom scores of children in both groups at the 12th， 24th， 36th and 48th weeks of follow-up were significantly lower than those before treatment （P＜0.05）； the scores of blurred vision at the 24th and 36th weeks of follow-up were significantly lower than those before treatment （P＜0.05）； and the scores of blurred vision in the treatment group at the 48th week of follow-up were signi-ficantly lower than those before treatment （P＜0.05）. In the treatment group， the score of fatigue was higher than that of the control group at the 36-week follow-up， and the score of blurred vision was lower than that of the control group at the 48-week follow-up （P＜0.05）. No adverse reactions or obvious abnormalities of the safety indexes were observed of the two groups during the treatment. ConclusionChinese herbal medicine Mingshi Granules showed the effect of controlling the progression of low myopia， improving the best naked eye distance visual acuity， slowing down the growth of the eye axis， improving some of the TCM symptoms， with good safety.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of AccuLearning system for the auto-segmentation of target areas and organs-at-risk(OAR)for total marrow and lymphoid irradiation(TMLI)in children.Methods Thirty pediatric patients who underwent TMLI since 2018 to 2022 were selected.The patients were immobilized in the supine position,and their CT images were acquired on the Philips Brilliance Big Bore CT scanner.After the target areas and OAR were manually delineated and modified,the CT images and manually delineated contours were imported into AccuLearning system for training,validation,and testing of the auto-segmentation model.The auto-segmentation results in 6 TMLI patients in the test set were evaluated in terms of Dice similarity coefficient(DSC),95%Hausdorff distance and average surface distance.Results On the test set with 6 cases,except for the lens that was difficult to be delineated automatically,the DSC values was above 0.70 for all other target areas and OAR,with only one patient having a DSC value of 0.59 for the stomach.The average DSC value for the stomach in all 6 patients was 0.76,and the average DSC values for the other organs were above 0.80.Conclusion The target areas and OAR automatically delineated with the model can meet the requirements of clinical planning after simple modifications.

Mother-to-child transmission is the major route of transmission for hepatitis B virus(HBV),and prevention of the mother-to-child transmission of HBV is the key link in the prevention and control of hepatitis B and one of the five essential core strategies for achieving the global elimination of hepatitis B by 2030.Combined immunization for neonates born to HBV-infected mothers and maternal antiviral intervention during pregnancy are important measures for blocking mother-to-child transmission,and thereby,the implementation of the comprehensive strategy of combined immunization and maternal antiviral intervention will help to accelerate the process of eliminating mother-to-child transmission.Chinese scholars have put forward the concept of"zero mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B"and launched"Shield Program"in China,aiming to promote the implementation of the preventive strategy for mother-to-child transmission and lay a solid foundation for eliminating viral hepatitis in China.The Shield Program has provided detailed implementation strategies,successful practice experience,and reliable data for blocking the mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B,fostering the consensus on the zero mother-to-child transmission of HBV in the academic community,and it also has an important reference value for eliminating the mother-to-child transmission of HBV in China and globally.

Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection remains a major public health challenge in China,affecting over 70 million people and posing great challenges to the prevention and control of the disease.At present,both the government and sectors of the society are making efforts to achieve the goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030.Mother-to-child transmission is the main route of transmission of HBV,and therefore,blocking the mother-to-child transmission of HBV is the key link in eliminating viral hepatitis.At present,several critical issues still remain unresolved,including the long-term safety of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate during pregnancy,the safety of antiviral therapy in early pregnancy,the effectiveness of immunoglobulin-free strategy,and the risk of HBV transmission through germ cells.Addressing these challenges is important for promoting the blocking of the mother-to-child transmission of HBV and accelerating the progress toward the 2030 goals.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To explore the impact of negation effect on color judgment of the color-word pairs and the impairment of cognitive inhibition function of the patients with schizophrenia (SCH) through embedding negation into the Stroop task.Methods:From January to December 2021, " Affirmative/ negative + color words" as the experimental materials, classical Stroop paradigm as the experimental paradigm, a mixed experimental design of 2 (groups: the SCH group vs the normal control group)×2(phrase polarity: affirmative phrases vs negative phrases)×2 (word-color congruence: consistency vs inconsistency) was designed to explore the inhibition function of negative phrases of the SCHs under bipolar negation conditions (Experiment 1) and multi-polar negation conditions (Experiment 2) respectively. The schizophrenic patients in Experiment 1(28 patients and 28 normal controls) and Experiment 2(30 patients and 30 normal controls) were sampled from the inpatients of Tangshan Kailuan Mental Health Center and Suzhou Guangji Hospital respectively, and the healthy controls were recruited from the community. SPSS 25.0 software was adopted as statistical analysis, and accuracy, response time of Stroop and the Stroop effect were analyzed by repeated measurement analysis of variance. Results:(1) The group main effects of response time were both significant in bipolar negation conditions(Experiment 1) ( F=49.22, P<0.001, ηp2=0.48) and multi-polar negation conditions (Experiment 2) ( F=37.58, P<0.001, ηp2=0.39). In bipolar negation (Experiment 1) conditions, as for the Stroop effect of response time, there was a significant interaction between the groups and polarities( F=4.42, P<0.05, ηp2=0.08), and there was a statistically significant difference between the affirmative Stroop effect (-0.137±0.522)and the negative Stroop effect(0.082±0.169) in the schizophrenia group( F=7.15, P<0.05, ηp2=0.12). In multi-polar negation conditions (Experiment 2), there was a marginal significant of the interaction between Stroop conditions and polarities in accuracy( F=3.81, P=0.056, ηp2=0.06). The accuracy under the word color consistency condition was higher than that under inconsistency condition((96.51±1.55)%, (90.00±2.54)%) ( F=5.15, P<0.05, ηp2=0.08). (3)In bipolar negation (Experiment 1) conditions, as for the accuracy, the interaction among groups, word color consistencies, and polarities was significant( F=6.66, P<0.05, ηp2=0.11). The interaction between word color consistencies and polarities was significant in the schizophrenia group( F=9.16, P<0.05, ηp2=0.15). In the normal group, the interaction between Stroop conditions and polarities was not significant( P>0.05). Conclusion:The impairment of cognitive inhibition function in schizophrenia is severe, which is reflected in negative processing; negation functions as cognitive inhibition, which is particularly prominent in bipolar negation.

cFos is one of the most widely-studied genes in the field of neuroscience. Currently, there is no systematic database focusing on cFos in neuroscience. We developed a curated database-cFos-ANAB-a cFos-based web tool for exploring activated neurons and associated behaviors in rats and mice, comprising 398 brain nuclei and sub-nuclei, and five associated behaviors: pain, fear, feeding, aggression, and sexual behavior. Direct relationships among behaviors and nuclei (even cell types) under specific stimulating conditions were constructed based on cFos expression profiles extracted from original publications. Moreover, overlapping nuclei and sub-nuclei with potentially complex functions among different associated behaviors were emphasized, leading to results serving as important clues to the development of valid hypotheses for exploring as yet unknown circuits. Using the analysis function of cFos-ANAB, multi-layered pictures of networks and their relationships can quickly be explored depending on users' purposes. These features provide a useful tool and good reference for early exploration in neuroscience. The cFos-ANAB database is available at www.cfos-db.net .
Animals ; Fear ; Mice ; Neurons ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; Rats

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of arrhythmia, and its prevalence increases with age. Studies have shown that AF is associated with an increased risk of dementia. There is increasing evidence of potential treatment strategies to prevent dementia in patients with AF. This article reviews the preventive effects of anticoagulant therapy and catheter ablation on dementia in patients with AF.

cFos is one of the most widely-studied genes in the field of neuroscience. Currently, there is no systematic database focusing on cFos in neuroscience. We developed a curated database—cFos-ANAB—a cFos-based web tool for exploring activated neurons and associated behaviors in rats and mice, comprising 398 brain nuclei and sub-nuclei, and five associated behaviors: pain, fear, feeding, aggression, and sexual behavior. Direct relationships among behaviors and nuclei (even cell types) under specific stimulating conditions were constructed based on cFos expression profiles extracted from original publications. Moreover, overlapping nuclei and sub-nuclei with potentially complex functions among different associated behaviors were emphasized, leading to results serving as important clues to the development of valid hypotheses for exploring as yet unknown circuits. Using the analysis function of cFos-ANAB, multi-layered pictures of networks and their relationships can quickly be explored depending on users’ purposes. These features provide a useful tool and good reference for early exploration in neuroscience. The cFos-ANAB database is available at www.cfos-db.net.

Although the tumor suppressor P53 is known to regulate a broad network of signaling pathways, it is still unclear how certain drugs influence these P53 signaling networks. Here, we used a comprehensive single-cell multiomics view of the effects of ginsenosides on cancer cells. Transcriptome and proteome profiling revealed that the antitumor activity of ginsenosides is closely associated with P53 protein. A miRNA-proteome interaction network revealed that P53 controlled the transcription of at least 38 proteins, and proteome-metabolome profiling analysis revealed that P53 regulated proteins involved in nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism and "Warburg effect". The results of integrative multiomics analysis revealed P53 protein as a potential key target that influences the anti-tumor activity of ginsenosides. Furthermore, by applying affinity mass spectrometry (MS) screening and surface plasmon resonance fragment library screening, we confirmed that 20()-protopanaxatriol directly targeted adjacent regions of the P53 DNA-binding pocket and promoted the stability of P53-DNA interactions, which further induced a series of omics changes.