Objective:To discuss the protective effect of ginsenoside Rh1(G-Rh1)on kidney injury in the diabetic mellitus(DM)mice,and to clarify its mechanism.Methods:The diabetic kidney disease(DKD)model was prepared by using the high-fat,high-sugar diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ).A total of 48 C57/BL6 model mice were randomly divided into model group,nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)inhibitor ML385 group(ML385 group)(30 mg·kg-1),G-Rh1 group(30 mg·kg-1),and G-Rh1+ML385 group(30 mg·kg-1 G-Rh1+30 mg·kg-1 ML385),and there were 12 mice in each group.Additionally,12 C57/BL6 mice were selected as control group.After treated for 8 weeks,automatic analyzer was used to detect the levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),and serum creatinine(Scr)in serum of the mice in various groups,as well as 24 h urinary protein(24 h UP)levels in urine,and the kidney index was calculated;kits were used to detect the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),and the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA)in kidney tissue of the mice in various groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)proteins in kidney tissue of the mice in various groups.Results:Compared with control group,the levels of FBG and kidney indexes in serum of the mice in model group,ML385 group,and G-Rh1+ML385 group were significantly increased(P<0.01),and the level of FBG in serum of the mice in G-Rh1 group was significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with model group,the kidney index of the mice in ML385 group was significantly increased(P<0.05),while the levels of FBG and kidney index of the mice in G-Rh1 group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with G-Rh1 group,the level of FBG and kidney index of the mice in G-Rh1+ML385 group were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with control group,the levels of BUN and Scr in serum,and 24 h UP in urine of the mice in model group,ML385 group,G-Rh1 group,and G-Rh1+ML385 group were significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with model group,the level of BUN in serum and 24 h UP in urine of the mice in ML385 group were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the levels of BUN and Scr in serum,and 24 h UP in urine of the mice in G-Rh1 group were significantly decreased(P<0.01);compared with G-Rh1 group,the levels of BUN and Scr in serum,and 24 h UP in urine of the mice in G-Rh1+ML385 group were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with control group,the activities of SOD in kidney tissue of the mice in model group,ML385 group,G-Rh1 group,and G-Rh1+ML385 group were significantly decreased(P<0.01),while the levels of MDA and LDH activities were significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with model group,the activity of SOD in kidney tissue of the mice in ML385 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the level of MDA was significantly increased(P<0.05);the activity of SOD in kidney tissue of the mice in of G-Rh1 group was significantly increased(P<0.01),and the level of MDA and activity of LDH were significantly decreased(P<0.01);compared with G-Rh1 group,the activity of SOD in kidney tissue of the mice in G-Rh1+ML385 group was significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the level of MDA and activity of LDH were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with control group,the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in kidney tissue of the mice in model group,ML385 group,G-Rh1 group,and G-Rh1+ML385 group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with model group,the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in kidney tissue of the mice in ML385 group and G-Rh1+ML385 group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in kidney tissue of the mice in G-Rh1 group were significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with G-Rh1 group,the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in kidney tissue of the mice in G-Rh1+ML385 group were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion:Ginsenoside Rh1 reduces the oxidative stress and improves the kidney function,providing protective effects on kidney injury in the DM mice,and its mechanism may be related to the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Background: The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 omicron variant has been triggering the new wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally. However, the risk factors and outcomes for radiological abnormalities in the early convalescent stage (1 month after diagnosis) of omicron infected patients are still unknown. Methods: Patients were retrospectively enrolled if they were admitted to the hospital due to COVID-19. The chest computed tomography (CT) images and clinical data obtained at baseline (at the time of the first CT image that showed abnormalities after diagnosis) and 1 month after diagnosis were longitudinally analyzed. Uni-/multi-variable logistic regression tests were performed to explore independent risk factors for radiological abnormalities at baseline and residual pulmonary abnormalities after 1 month. Results: We assessed 316 COVID-19 patients, including 47% with radiological abnormalities at baseline and 23% with residual pulmonary abnormalities at 1-month follow-up. In a multivariate regression analysis, age ≥ 50 years, body mass index ≥ 23.87, days after vaccination ≥ 81 days, lymphocyte count ≤ 1.21 × 10 -9 /L, interleukin-6 (IL-6) ≥ 10.05 pg/mL and IgG ≤ 14.140 S/CO were independent risk factors for CT abnormalities at baseline. The age ≥ 47 years, presence of interlobular septal thickening and IL-6 ≥ 5.85 pg/mL were the independent risk factors for residual pulmonary abnormalities at 1-month follow-up. For residual abnormalities group, the patients with less consolidations and more parenchymal bands at baseline could progress on CT score after 1 month. There were no significant changes in the number of involved lung lobes and total CT score during the early convalescent stage. Conclusion The higher IL-6 level was a common independent risk factor for CT abnormalities at baseline and residual pulmonary abnormalities at 1-month follow-up. There were no obvious radiographic changes during the early convalescent stage in patients with residual pulmonary abnormalities.

Objective:To establish a direct dilution-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method for the determination of manganese in urine.Methods:Using 1% nitric acid solution as diluent, the urine dilution factor and internal standard elements were determined by single factor rotation experiment. The linear range, correlation coefficient, precision, accuracy and detection limit of the direct dilution-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the determination of manganese in urine were evaluated.Results:The linear range of this method was 0.0-20 μg/L, the correlation coefficient was 0.999 9, the detection limit was 0.02 μg/L, the recoveries were 84.65%-103.40%, the relative standard deviations were 0.26%-8.17%.Conclusion:This method has the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity and low detection limit. It can be used for the determination of urine manganese at the same time with other elements. It is suitable for the determination of urine manganese in workers and ordinary people.

Objective:To establish a direct dilution-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method for the determination of manganese in urine.Methods:Using 1% nitric acid solution as diluent, the urine dilution factor and internal standard elements were determined by single factor rotation experiment. The linear range, correlation coefficient, precision, accuracy and detection limit of the direct dilution-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the determination of manganese in urine were evaluated.Results:The linear range of this method was 0.0-20 μg/L, the correlation coefficient was 0.999 9, the detection limit was 0.02 μg/L, the recoveries were 84.65%-103.40%, the relative standard deviations were 0.26%-8.17%.Conclusion:This method has the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity and low detection limit. It can be used for the determination of urine manganese at the same time with other elements. It is suitable for the determination of urine manganese in workers and ordinary people.

Objective: To investigation on the occupational hazardous factors exposed to the female workers, from 14 prefectures and municipalities in Gansu province. Methods: The survey was conducted from June to October 2015. A total of 8 538 female employees from 30 enterprises in 14 prefectures and cities of the province were selected by cluster sampling method. The occupational hazard factors were investigated and analyzed statistically. Results: The survey found that the proportion of female workers in Gansu province who are exposed to chemical and physical harmful factors at the same time is relatively large. Most female workers are exposed to 2-4 occupational hazards, and women who are exposed to 3 and 4 chemical harmful factors account for 28.8 % and 38.0 %, respectively. Women workers who were exposed to two or three physical factors at the same time accounted for 59.44 per cent, while 61.5% were exposed to two biological factors at the same time. The number of female workers exposed to two or three physical factors at the same time and the number of four and five physical factors at the same time after being tested by χ². The difference is statistically significant (χ²= 8.17, P<0.05) . The difference in the number of female workers who simultaneously exposed 3 and 4 chemical factors and simultaneously exposed 2 and 5 or more chemical factors is statistically significant (χ²=11.26, P<0.05) . There was no significant difference in the exposure of female workers to biological factors. Conclusion This survey shows that the exposure of female workers in Gansu Province to occupational hazards is not optimistic. We should strengthen enterprise supervision and improve the working environment and conditions of female workers.

Objective:To explore the correlation between cerebrovascular hemodynamic index (CVHI) accumulative score and subclinical arteriosclerosis indicators.Methods:A total of 27 184 cases were collected from the Health Management Center,the Third Xiangya Hospital,Central South University.Linear regression analysis was carried out to confirm the correlations between CVHI accumulative score and the modified Framingham stroke profile (FSP),as well as between CVHI accumulative score and cerebrovascular diseases (ICVD) scale.The correlation between CVHI accumulative score and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV),carotid plaque orcarotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was analyzed by multifactor logistic regression model in 11 580 cases.Moreover,the correlation between CVHI accumulative score and microalbuminuria or serum cystatin C was performed by multifactor logistic regression model in 9 860 cases.Results:In this study,the people whose CVHI accumulative score was less than 75 accounted for 12.98％.The CVHI accumulative score was negatively related with the modified FSP score (r=-0.484,P＜0.01) or ICVD score (r=-0.455,P＜0.01).The multifactor logistic regression model found that the baPWV,carotid plaque,microalbuminuria and serum cystatin C were independent predictors for CVHI accumulative score.Conclusion:The CVHI accumulative score is correlated with the modified FSP score,ICVD score and indexes of subclinical arteriosclerosis (baPWV,carotid plaque,microalbuminuria and serum cystatin C).The CVHI accumulative score could be used as a tool for zero-level and primary prevention of cerebral stroke.

Based on the theory of three-dimensional quality structure pattern, this review introduced the application of three-dimensional quality structure pattern in a quality evaluation system of health examination and examined its relationship with the quality evaluation index system based on literature analysis. The existing problems in current research and application were noted, and some suggestions for further research were put forward.

Objective To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of progressive liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods A total of 2 054 subjects who underwent health check up and were diagnosed as NAFLD in 9 institutions were included in the study.Blood routine and biochemical findings were collected to calculate aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI).Subjects were divided into three groups according to diagnostic threshold of liver fibrosis:APRI ＜0.43 group,APRI 0.43-0.53 group and APRI ≥ 0.54 group.The correlation between APRI and biochemical variables was analyzed,and the risk factors of progressive fibrosis were also analyzed.Results Among 2 054 subjects (male/female 1 598/456) there were 61 cases with APRI ≥ 0.98 (2.97％,progressive fibrosis),318 with APRI ≥0.54 (15.48％),1 475 with APRI ＜ 0.43 (71.81％),261 with APRI 0.43-0.53 (12.71％).Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that TG (P =0.002,OR =1.095,95％CI:1.033-1.161),2 hPG(P =0.000,OR =1.103,95％ CI:1.058-1.151,BUN(P =0.034,OR =1.215,95 ％ CI:1.014-1.454) were risk factors,and H DL-C (P =0.034,OR =0.353,95 ％ CI:O.135-0.924) was a protective factor for the progression of fibrosis.Conclusion The progressive fibrosis in patients with NAFLD is closely associated to blood glucose and lipid metabolism disorder.

Objective:To explore the association between the changes in ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) indices and the renal function.Methods:The retrospective cohort study consisted of 837 Chinese individuals from Department of Health Management in the Third Xiangya Hospital.The general information,anthropometry and blood biochemistry were obtained for all subjects from 2008 to 2014,respectively.The 6-year changes of 7 ideal CVH metrics defined by American Heart Association and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were calculated.Linear regression analysis was used to study the association between the changes in the ideal CVH metrics and eGFR.Covariance analysis was used to compare the levels of changes in eGFR stratified by variations of the ideal CVH metrics.Results:After 6 years' follow-up,we did not find significant difference in ideal cardiovascular health indexes between 2014 and 2008 [(3.3±1.4) items vs.(3.2±1.3) items,respectively] (P＜0.05).However,the eGFR in 2014 was significantly lower than that in 2008 [(99.8±22.7) mL/(min.1.73 m2)vs (104.3±24.9) mL/(min.1.73 m2),respectively] (P＜0.01).After adjusting for age,sex,history of hypertension and diabetes,and history of drug usage (antihypertensive,cholesterol-lowering and blood glucose-lowering medication),the changes in ideal CVH metrics were positively associated with the changes in eGFR (β=0.701,P＜0.01).With the improved change in ideal CVH metrics from ≤-2 points,-1 point,0 point,1 point to ≥ 2 points,the magnitude of decline in eGFR was gradually decreased,with significant difference (F=21.71,P＜0.01).Conclusion:The changes in ideal CVH metrics are an independent risk factor for changes of eGFR.Positive changes in ideal CVH metrics exert a favorable effect on renal function evolution.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of prenatal nicotine exposure on cardiac ejection function and myocardial fibrosis of the offspring of rats.METHODS Pregnant rats were sc given nicotine 6.0 mg· kg-1,once daily for 17 d.The body mass and heart mass of the offspring were detected at the 21th day of gestation,and 15 and 90 d after birth.Heart rate of 90 d offspring was recorded by ECG,and cardiac functions were detected by Doppler ultrasonography,including cardiac output (CO),stroke volume (SV),ejection fraction (EF),left ventricular long axis shortening fraction (FS),interventricular septum diastolic diameter (IVSd) and left ventricular posterior wall diastolic diameter (LVPWd).The myocardial ultrastructure was detected under an electron microscope.Masson staining was used to detect the myocardial collagen fiber deposition.The level of collagen protein type Ⅰ in heart tissue was detected by radioimmunoassay.RESULTS Compared with control group,prenatal nicotine exposure resulted in a decrease of heart mass and body mass in groups of 21 d fetal rats and 15 d offspring(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),but had no effect on the 90 d offspring.Compared with the normal control group,the heart rate of 90 d offspring increased [366+10 vs (418+10) min-1] (P＜0.05),CO,FS and EF decreased (P＜0.01),and IVSd and LVPWd increased (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Electron microscopy revealed that in the heart of nicotine 90 d offspring,myocardial fiber arrangement was loosened and confused,while extracellular matrix increased.Masson staining showed collagen deposited in the myocardium.The level of collagen type Ⅰ in heart tissue increased [0.59±0.09 vs (0.40±0.05) tμg·g-1 tissue] (P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Prenatal nicotine exposure induces the increased level of cardiac collagen type Ⅰ,myocardial fibrosis and decrease of cardiac ejection function in adult offspring,which may lead to increased susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases.