The differences of the active ingredients in Dendrobium huoshanense of different growth years and their protective effects on acute liver injury were studied to provide evidence for optimizing harvest time. The contents of polysaccharides, total flavonoids and total alkaloids in D. huoshanense of different growth years were determined by UV spectrophotometry, and the contents of gigantol in D. huoshanense were determined by HPLC. C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into blank control group(saline), modeling group(saline), high-dose(7.5 g·kg~(-1)) and low-dose(1.25 g·kg~(-1)) groups of D. huoshanense of different growth years. Each group was intragastrically administered every day for 2 weeks. 500 mg·kg~(-1) paracetamol was injected intraperitoneally 2 h after last treatment except the control group. After 12 hours, the serum and liver tissues were collected to detect the activities of ALT and AST, and the levels of SOD and MDA. The hepatic histopathological examination was performed. The results showed that the chemical constituents of D. huo-shanense of different growth years were significantly different(P<0.05). The contents of polysaccharide and gigantol of D. huoshanense of 2 growth years were the highest. The contents of flavonoids and alkaloids of D. huoshanense of 3 growth years were the hig-hest, followed by the D. huoshanense of 2 growth years, and the lowest were that of 1 growth year. Compared with the modeling group, D. huoshanense of different growth years could decrease the activities of ALT and AST in serum. Meanwhile, the levels of MDA reduced significantly, while those of SOD increased markedly. Histopathological results suggested that all D. huoshanense samples were effective in the reduction of the necrosis of hepatocytes in different degrees. The results of the multi-component SPSS paired tests showed that polysaccharide and gigantol probably played a leading role in the liver protection effects, while D. huoshanense of 2 growth years showed the best efficacy. The optimal harvesting time of D. huoshanense is 2 growth years.
Alkaloids ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dendrobium ; Liver ; Mice ; Polysaccharides

Rubi Fructus is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. The origin of Rubi Fructus is the dried fruit of Rubus chingii, a plant of the family Rosaceae, according to the 2015 edition of Chinese pharmacopoeia. There are some differences in the plant origin of Rubi Fructus in ancient herbal literature, to trace back its sources, we conducted a textual research on its origin, producing areas, quality evaluation, processing and concocting, properties, tastes and efficacy etc. based on the records of ancient herbal literatures and combined with plant morphology and related investigation. RESULTS:: showed that the variety of Rubi Fructus was more complex among ancient herbal literature, including R. coreanus, R. hirsutus, R. corchorifolius, R. foliolosus and other mixed varieties. Most scholars believe that the R. chingii has not been recorded in ancient herbal literature, while R. chingii was recorded as early as the Ming Dynasty in Compendium of materia medica through our textual research. Ancient Chinese herbs recorded that Rubi Fructus was mostly produced in Hubei, Shandong, Shanxi and Jiangsu provinces, while R. chingii mainly produced in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian and other provinces nowadays. Also, it was recorded that Rubi Fructus harvested in wheat field during May were the best. Besides, R. chingii with big, full, grain integrate, firm, yellow and green color, sour taste and impurity free possess the best quality in the contemporary. The ancient records of processing and concocting, properties, tastes and efficacy were basically the same as modern ones.These results provide the basis for the correct utilization and further development of Rubi Fructus.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Fruit ; Humans ; Materia Medica ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Rubus

Visci Herba， a commonly used Chinese medicinal， was often mistaken as Taxilli Herba in ancient Chinese materia medica. The two Chinese medicinals have often been confused even in present clinical practice， and their origins are difficult to be identified. Hence， it is necessary to carry out systematic and in-depth textual research. This paper explored the origin， producing area， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing， property， flavor， and efficacy of Visci Herba based on ancient Chinese materia medica of the past dynasties and modern plant morphology， so as to provide evidence for the development and utilization of Visci Herba. The findings demonstrated that Visci Herba was mostly recorded as Taxilli Herba until the name of Visci Herba appeared in the Tang Dynasty. The records of the two Chinese medicinals could be traced back to the Song Dynasty. Visci Herba and Taxilli Herba were officially listed as two different Chinese medicinals in the 1977 edition Chinese Pharmacopoeia for the first time， where the origin of Visci Herba was determined to be Viscum coloratum（Komar.）Nakai. According to the ancient Chinese materia medica， V. coloratum was mainly distributed in Lingbao， Henan province and Xuzhou， Jiangsu province and now it mostly grows in Northeast China and North China. In ancient times， Visci Herba with deep yellow cross-section and sticky fruit juice on the tree was preferred， which was often harvested on 3， March in spring， dried in the shade， grinded together with the roots， branches， stems， and leaves using the copper file， and preserved away from fire. By contrast， it is now usually harvested from winter to the next spring and then cut into sections for drying after the removal of thick stems， or dried after being steamed. As described in ancient Chinese materia medica， Visci Herba， bitter and sweet in flavor， neutral in property， possessed the effects of dispelling rheumatism， tonifying kidney， strengthening sinews and bones， benefiting blood vessels， and preventing abortion， basically consistent with its modern functions of dispelling rheumatism， tonifying liver and kidney， strengthening sinews and bones， and preventing abortion.

Cilia are protruding cell structures on the cell surface and are found in almost every type of cell.According to the different structures and quantity of tubulins,cilia can be divided into two categories:motor cilia and sensory cilia.Sensory cilia are also called non-motor cilia and primary cilia,due to the composition and number of tubulins.They are closely related to the development of internal organs and many human physiological activities.Recent studies have demonstrated that cilia are involved in regulating the formation of left and right symmetry of the heart structure,and eventually the heart develops into the left-right asymmetry structures.Since congenital heart diseases(CHD)are characterized by abnormalities in the spatial structure of the heart chamber and outflow tract,cilia may play an important role in the pathogenesis of CHD.Cilia,mainly through ciliary transduction signal pathways,regulate both the formation of left and right asymmetrical structures and the polarity and the migration of cells.Therefore,a clear understanding of the regulation mechanism of ciliary signaling pathway on heart development can provide new therapeutic targets and new ideas for the clinical treatment of CHD and may offer new target genes for prenatal screening of CHD.This article summarizes recent advances in the role of cilia in heart development and CHD pathogenesis and its mechanisms.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics* ; Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease/genetics* ; China ; Genetic Profile ; Humans ; Pedigree

Objective To explore the retrograde contamination of drainage bag outlets,and provide basis for the formulation of related guideline for healthcare-associated infection(HAI)management. Methods On October 14,2016,with sterile manipulation,urine,5% glucose solution,glucose normal saline,sterile water,and 0.9% nor-mal saline were injected into anti-reflux drainage bags(anti-reflux group)and common drainage bags(common group)respectively,entrances of bags were sealed and bags were hung in two ways:outlets were 10 cm away from the ground(suspended group)and touched the ground(ground-touching group)respectively,specimens were col-lected from bag outlets to perform bacterial culture every 3 days,a total of 10 times of cultures were performed,re-trograde contamination of drainage bag outlets was observed dynamically.Results Retrograde contamination rate of drainage bag outlets of anti-reflux group was significantly lower than common group(7.7% vs 46.0%,P=0.000);suspended group was significantly lower than ground-touching group(17.9% vs 35.8%,P=0.000). Retrograde contamination rates of outlets of drainage bags filled with different properties of liquid were as follows:urine (54.3%)>5% glucose solution(34.5%)>glucose normal saline(24.3%)>0.9% normal saline(10.8%)>ste-rile water(10.5%),pairwise comparison showed a significant difference(P=0.000).The initial occurrence time of contamination in anti-reflux group and common group was on the 13thday and 7thday respectively,two group was significantly different on the 7thday(P=0.041). There was a medium intensity correlation between the types of drainage bags and liquid properties(PearsonC=0.5).Conclusion Different types of drainage bags,retention time,and liquid property can impact retrograde contamination of drainage bag outlets,regular urine culture during the use of drainage bags should be paid attention in clinical practice,so as to use antimicrobial agents rationally and guide replacement time of drainage bags.

The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by various chromatographic techniques indluding silica gel, reverse phase silica gel, sephadex LH-20 and pre-HPLC and identified by their physicochemical properties and spectral data. Sixteen phenolic compounds had been isolated and n-butanol extracts which were fractionated from the ethanol extract of Oplopanax horridus roots bark. Their structures were identified as below, including 7 phenylpropanoid compounds, ferulic acid (1), 3-acetylcaffeic acid (2), caffeic acid (3), homovanillyl alcohol 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), 3-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), 3, 5-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), and 3-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7). Three coumarins, scopoletin (8), esculetin (9) and 3'-angeloyl-4'-acetyl-cis-knellactone (10). And 6 lignan compounds, (+)-isolaricires-inol-9'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (11), 3, 3'-dimethoxy-4, 9, 9'-trihydroxy-4', 7-epoxy-5', 8-lignan-4, 9-bis-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (12), (+)-5, 5'-dimethoxylariciresinol 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (13), (-)-5,5'-dimethoxylariciresinol 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (14), (-)-pinoresinol 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (15), and (+)-5, 5'-dimethoxylariciresinol 9'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (16). All compounds were isolated and identified for the first time from this plant All the constituents except compounds 4, 6, 12 and 13 were obtained for the first time from the genus Oplopanax.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Oplopanax ; chemistry ; Phenols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Female ; GTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Silver-Russell Syndrome ; diagnosis ; genetics

Ten Amaryllidaceae alkaloids were isolated from the bulbs of Lycoris radiata. Their structures were identified as oxovittatine (1), apohaemanthamine (2), 9-O-demethylhomolycorine N-oxide (3), incartine (4), ismine (5), 6-O-methylpretazettine (6), tazettine (7), ungeremine (8), homolycorine (9), and O-methyllycorenine (10) by spectroscopic data analyses. Compound 1 was a new natural product. Compounds 2 and 3 were reported form the genus Lycoris for the first time and compounds 4-6 were isolated form the title plant for the first time.
Alkaloids ; chemistry ; Lycoris ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry

Objective To study the clinical significance of the method of three perpendicular planes plus special planes in diagnosing fetal cleft lip /palate by prenatal ultrasound .Methods The approach of three perpendicular planes and special planes were used in diagnosing 110 cases of cleft lip/palate.The sonogram features in each section were analyzed and the outcomes were recorded during follow-up.Results On prenatal ultrsound ,110 cases were examined with three perpendicular planes method .The coronary section could be displayed at 100%cases (110 cases), sagittal section 76.4%cases (84 cases),transverse section 96.4%cases (106 cases) and parasagittal section 25.5%cases (28 cases).With special planes method,74 cases were examined .The section through pyriform aperture could be displayed in 47 cases,in 45 cases on the section through the lower lip/lower jaw/submandibular triangle ,and in 16 cases on the section through the cheek.Combining the three perpendicular planes and special planes methods ,94.5%(104/110) cases could be diagnosed definitely.Six cases (5.5%,6/110) were missed because of fetal position or oligoamnios . Conclusions The method of three perpendicular planes plus special planes is effective in prenatal ultrasound diagnosing cleft lip/palate,which is of great help in improving prenatal diagnostic accuracy of fetal cleft lip/palate.