Objective To investigate the toxicokinetic differences of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine(MDMA)and its metabolite 4,5-methylene dioxy amphetamine(MDA)in rats af-ter single and continuous administration of MDMA,providing reference data for the forensic identifica-tion of MDMA.Methods A total of 24 rats in the single administration group were randomly divided into 5,10 and 20 mg/kg experimental groups and the control group,with 6 rats in each group.The ex-perimental group was given intraperitoneal injection of MDMA,and the control group was given intraperi-toneal injection of the same volume of normal saline as the experimental group.The amount of 0.5 mL blood was collected from the medial canthus 5 min,30 min,1 h,1.5 h,2 h,4 h,6 h,8 h,10 h,12 h after administration.In the continuous administration group,24 rats were randomly divided into the experi-mental group(18 rats)and the control group(6 rats).The experimental group was given MDMA 7 d by continuous intraperitoneal injection in increments of 5,7,9,11,13,15,17 mg/kg per day,respectively,while the control group was given the same volume of normal saline as the experimental group by in-traperitoneal injection.On the eighth day,the experimental rats were randomly divided into 5,10 and 20 mg/kg dose groups,with 6 rats in each group.MDMA was injected intraperitoneally,and the con-trol group was injected intraperitoneally with the same volume of normal saline as the experimental group.On the eighth day,0.5 mL of blood was taken from the medial canthus 5 min,30 min,1 h,1.5 h,2 h,4 h,6 h,8 h,10 h,12 h after administration.Liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect MDMA and MDA levels,and statistical software was employed for data analysis.Results In the single-administration group,peak concentrations of MDMA and MDA were reached at 5 min and 1 h after administration,respectively,with the largest detection time limit of 12 h.In the continuous administration group,peak concentrations were reached at 30 min and 1.5 h af-ter administration,respectively,with the largest detection time limit of 10 h.Nonlinear fitting equations for the concentration ratio of MDMA and MDA in plasma and administration time in the single-administration group and continuous administration group were as follows:T=10.362C-1.183,R2=0.974 6;T=7.397 3C-0.694,R2=0.961 5(T:injection time;C:concentration ratio of MDMA to MDA in plasma).Conclusions The toxicokinetic data of MDMA and its metabolite MDA in rats,obtained through single and continuous administration,including peak concentration,peak time,detection time limit,and the relationship between concentration ratio and administration time,provide a theoretical and data foundation for relevant forensic identification.

Objective Recombinase-aided polymerase chain reaction(RAP)is a sensitive,single-tube,two-stage nucleic acid amplification method.This study aimed to develop an assay that can be used for the early diagnosis of three types of bacteremia caused by Staphylococcus aureus(SA),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA),and Acinetobacter baumannii(AB)in the bloodstream based on recombinant human mannan-binding lectin protein(M1 protein)-conjugated magnetic bead(M1 bead)enrichment of pathogens combined with RAP. Methods Recombinant plasmids were used to evaluate the assay sensitivity.Common blood influenza bacteria were used for the specific detection.Simulated and clinical plasma samples were enriched with M1 beads and then subjected to multiple recombinase-aided PCR(M-RAP)and quantitative PCR(qPCR)assays.Kappa analysis was used to evaluate the consistency between the two assays. Results The M-RAP method had sensitivity rates of 1,10,and 1 copies/μL for the detection of SA,PA,and AB plasmids,respectively,without cross-reaction to other bacterial species.The M-RAP assay obtained results for<10 CFU/mL pathogens in the blood within 4 h,with higher sensitivity than qPCR.M-RAP and qPCR for SA,PA,and AB yielded Kappa values of 0.839,0.815,and 0.856,respectively(P<0.05). Conclusion An M-RAP assay for SA,PA,and AB in blood samples utilizing M1 bead enrichment has been developed and can be potentially used for the early detection of bacteremia.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal compound modified Huanglian Wendan Decoction in the treatment of hypertension complicated with sleep disorders of phlegm-heat harassing the interior type.Methods A total of 70 patients with hypertension complicated with sleep disorders of phlegm-heat harassing the interior type were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group,35 cases in each group.The patients in the control group were treated with conventional western medicine,and the patients in the observation group were treated with modified Huanglian Wendan Decoction on the basis of treatment for the control group.The course of treatment covered four weeks.The Clinical Global Impression(CGI)score,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome score,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)score,blood pressure,and serum levels of homocysteine(Hey),interleukin 6(IL-6),interleukin 10(IL-10)and interleukin 8(IL-8)levels in the two groups were observed before and after treatment.Moreover,the safety of medication was evaluated in the two groups.Results(1)After four weeks of treatment,the CGI score of the observation group was(1.63±0.60)points,which was significantly lower than that of the control group[(2.74±0.82)points],and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).(2)After treatment,the TCM syndrome score,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and PSQI score of the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.01),and the decrease of TCM syndrome score,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and PSQI score in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(3)After treatment,the levels of serum Hcy,IL-6 and IL-8 in the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.01),and the serum IL-10 level was significantly increased compared with that before treatment(P＜0.01).The decrease of serum Hcy,IL-6 and IL-8 levels and the increase of serum IL-10 level in the observation group were significantly superior to those in the control group(P＜0.01).(4)During the treatment,no treatment-related adverse reactions or complications occurred in the two groups.Conclusion Modified Huanglian Wendan Decoction has certain efficacy on patients with hypertension complicated with sleep disorders of phlegm-heat harassing the interior type.The decoction can not only reduce the blood pressure and serum Hcy level of the patients,but also regulate the level of inflammatory factors with high safety.

Objective To investigate the effect of chemokine CXC ligand 9(CXCL9)on cognitive function impairment in patients with breast cancer brain metastases undergoing whole-brain radiotherapy(WBRT)using bioinformatics methods.Methods The mRNA of breast cancer brain metastases datasets GSE43837 and GSE12276 and Alzheimer's disease(AD)dataset GSE161199 were screened and downloaded from GEO database.Limma method and Venn diagrams were used to identify common differentially expressed genes(DEGs),and protein-protein interaction and functional prediction through GeneMANIA website assays were performed.A total of 42 patients with breast cancer brain metastases who first visited the Department of Radiotherapy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected.Patients were divided into normal cognitive function group and cognitive function impairment group based on cognitive status.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was employed to detect serum CXCL9 levels one week before and three months after radiotherapy.The mini-mental state examination(MMSE)was used to assess patients'cognitive function.Results The DEGs from datasets GSE43837 and GSE12276 included PKP1,POLDIP2,SPAG5,ALDOC,PTPRZ1,PKIA,TLCD1,CPE,PMP22 and CXCL9.The DEGs from GSE161199 included RPS16,CD79A,LYPD3,RPL28,HBG2,RPL23AP7,TRNR,CXCL9.Venn diagram showed that CXCL9 was a common DEG between breast cancer brain metastasis and AD.Functional enrichment analysis indicated that CXCL9 was involved in cellular responses to chemokines,negative regulation of immune system processes,negative regulation of vascular morphogenesis,Toll-like receptor signaling pathway,nucleotide oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor signaling pathway,and JAK-STAT signaling pathway.Before radiotherapy,patients with cognitive function impairment and normal cognitive function accounted for 61.9%and 38.1%,respectively,with a statistically significant difference in MMSE scores[(24.53±2.19)vs.(28.89±1.36),P＜0.01].Compared with normal cognitive function group,patients with cognitive function impairment had a significantly increased number of brain metastases and significantly lower Karnofsky performance status(KPS)scores and serum CXCL9 levels(P＜0.05).Three months after radiotherapy,patients with cognitive function impairment and normal cognitive function accounted for 47.6%and 52.4%,respectively,with a statistically significant difference in MMSE scores[(25.16±1.98)vs.(28.18±1.08),P＜0.01].Compared with normal cognitive function group,patients with cognitive function impairment had significantly lower CXCL9 levels(P=0.003).In patients with normal cognitive function,CXCL9 levels were remarkably lower after radiotherapy compared to those before radiotherapy(P=0.009).Conclusions Patients with cognitive function impairment had significantly lower CXCL9 levels than those with normal cognitive function,and whole-brain radiotherapy may be related to a certain degree of reduction in CXCL9 levels.

Purpose::Shaping and assembling contemporary external fixators rapidly for the severe mandibular fractures remains a challenge, especially in emergency circumstance. We designed a novel external fixator that incorporates universal joints to provide the stabilization for mandibular comminuted fractures. This study aims to confirm the efficacy of this novel external fixator through biomechanical tests in vitro and animal experiments. Methods::In vitro biomechanical tests were conducted using 6 fresh canine with mandibular defect to simulate critical comminuted fractures. Three mandibles were stabilized by the novel external fixator and other mandibles were fixed by 2.5 mm reconstruction plates. All fixed mandibles were subjected to loads of 350 N on the anterior regions of teeth and 550 N on the first molar of the unaffected side. The stability was evaluated based on the maximum displacement and the slope of the load-displacement curve. In animal experiments, 9 beagles with comminuted mandibular fractures were divided into 3 groups, which were treated with the novel external fixation, reconstruction plate, and dental arch bar, respectively. The general observation, the changes in animals’ weight, and the surgical duration were recorded and compared among 3 groups. The CT scans were performed at various intervals of 0 day (immediately after the surgery), 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days to analyze the displacement of feature points on the canine mandible and situation of fracture healing at 28 days. The statistical significance was assessed by the two-way analysis of variance test followed by the Bonferroni test, enabling multiple comparisons for all tests using GraphPad Prism10.1.0 (GraphPad Inc, USA). Results::The outcomes of the biomechanical tests indicated that no statistically significant differences were found in terms of the maximum displacement ( p = 0.496, 0.079) and the slope of load displacement curves ( p = 0.374, 0.349) under 2 load modes between the external and internal fixation groups. The animal experiment data showed that there were minor displacements of feature points between the external and internal fixation groups without statistic difference, while the arch bar group demonstrated inferior stability. The CT analysis revealed that the best fracture healing happened in the internal fixation group, followed by the external fixation and arch baring at 28 days after fixation. The external fixation group had the shortest fixation duration (25.67 ± 3.79) min compared to internal fixation ((70.67 ± 4.51) min, p < 0.001) and arch baring ((42.00 ± 3.00) min, p = 0.046). Conclusion::The conclusion of this study highlighted the efficacy and reliability of this novel external fixator in managing mandibular fractures rapidly, offering a viable option for the initial stabilization of comminuted mandibular fractures in the setting of emergency rescue.

Objective To investigate the application of pre-hemostatic suturing in adolescent circumcision with a stapler.Methods A total of 120 patients with long foreskin treated in our hospital were included,and they were divided into two groups by random number table method,among which the patients in the observation group received circumcision with a stapler after pre-hemostatic suturing of the foreskin vessels,and these in the control group received conventional circumcision with a stapler.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative healing time and occurrence of postoperative hematoma of the two groups were analyzed.Results There was no significant difference in the operation time between the two groups(P＞0.05).The intraoperative blood loss in the observation group was less than that in the control group,the postoperative healing time was shorter than that in the control group,and the incidence of postoperative hematoma was lower than that in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Conclusion The application of pre-hemostatic suturing in circumcision with a stapler can improve surgical safety,with ease of learning,which may increase the benefit of patients.

Objective To study the application value of different transbronchial biopsies in the diagnosis of central lung cancer in elderly patients.Methods The clinical data of 97 elderly patients with central lung cancer diagnosed by pathology from June 2020 to June 2023 in the 923rd Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force were retrospectively analyzed.According to the different initial transbronchial biopsy methods,the patients were divided into the endobronchial biopsy(EBB)group(n=51)and the conventional transbronchial needle aspiration(cTBNA)group(n=46).The histopathological results were statistically analyzed,and the first biopsy positive rates of EBB and cTBNA in the diagnosis of senile central lung cancer were calculated and compared.At the same time,the differences of biopsy tolerance and complications between the two groups were evaluated.Results The squamous cell carcinoma proportions in both groups were over 50%.There was no significant difference in the first biopsy positive rate between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidence of temporary retreat of the scope due to subjective tolerance in the EBB group was higher than that in the cTBNA group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of intraoperative complications of different grades between the two groups(P<0.001).Among them,the incidence of grade 2 and above complications during surgery in the EBB group was significantly higher than that in the cTBNA group(P<0.001).Conclusion For elderly patients with central lung cancer,the success rate of the first biopsy of EBB and cTBNA is roughly equivalent,but the incidence of postoperative complications of the latter is significantly lower than that of the former.cTBNA can be used as the first biopsy method for this population.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the difference in CT values between pulmonary thromboembolism and postmortem clot in postmortem CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) to further improve the application value of virtual autopsy. METHODS: Postmortem CTPA data with the definite cause of death from 2016 to 2019 were collected and divided into pulmonary thromboembolism group (n=4), postmortem clot group (n=5), and control group (n=5). CT values of pulmonary trunk and left and right pulmonary artery contents in each group were measured and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The average CT value in the pulmonary thromboembolism group and postmortem clot group were (168.4±53.8) Hu and (282.7±78.0) Hu, respectively, which were lower than those of the control group (1 193.0±82.9) Hu (P<0.05). The average CT value of the postmortem clot group was higher than that of the pulmonary thromboembolism group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS CT value is reliable and feasible as a relatively objective quantitative index to distinguish pulmonary thromboembolism and postmortem clot in postmortem CTPA. At the same time, it can provide a scientific basis to a certain extent for ruling out pulmonary thromboembolism deaths.
Humans ; Autopsy ; Thrombosis ; Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Angiography ; Cadaver

Humans ; Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy* ; Feasibility Studies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects* ; Dexamethasone/therapeutic use* ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols

Aim To confirm the antidepressant effect of the volatile oil part of the disassembled prescription drugs (Chai Hu, Dang Gui and Bo He, referred to as CDB) from Xiaoyao Powder and investigate its mechanism via Nrf2/H0-1 signaling pathway on OB model rats. Methods GC-MS analysis of the main components of volatile oil part of CDB was performed. The rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, fluoxetine hydrochloride group (FLX, 10 mg • kg