Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis(PM),and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP)isolates in Chinese children.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical information,laboratory data,and microbiological data of 160 hospitalized children under 15 years old with PM from January 2019 to December 2020 in 33 tertiary hospitals across the country.Results Among the 160 children with PM,there were 103 males and 57 females.The age ranged from 15 days to 15 years,with 109 cases(68.1% )aged 3 months to under 3 years.SP strains were isolated from 95 cases(59.4% )in cerebrospinal fluid cultures and from 57 cases(35.6% )in blood cultures.The positive rates of SP detection by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing and cerebrospinal fluid SP antigen testing were 40% (35/87)and 27% (21/78),respectively.Fifty-five cases(34.4% )had one or more risk factors for purulent meningitis,113 cases(70.6% )had one or more extra-cranial infectious foci,and 18 cases(11.3% )had underlying diseases.The most common clinical symptoms were fever(147 cases,91.9% ),followed by lethargy(98 cases,61.3% )and vomiting(61 cases,38.1% ).Sixty-nine cases(43.1% )experienced intracranial complications during hospitalization,with subdural effusion and/or empyema being the most common complication[43 cases(26.9% )],followed by hydrocephalus in 24 cases(15.0% ),brain abscess in 23 cases(14.4% ),and cerebral hemorrhage in 8 cases(5.0% ).Subdural effusion and/or empyema and hydrocephalus mainly occurred in children under 1 year old,with rates of 91% (39/43)and 83% (20/24),respectively.SP strains exhibited complete sensitivity to vancomycin(100% ,75/75),linezolid(100% ,56/56),and meropenem(100% ,6/6).High sensitivity rates were also observed for levofloxacin(81% ,22/27),moxifloxacin(82% ,14/17),rifampicin(96% ,25/26),and chloramphenicol(91% ,21/23).However,low sensitivity rates were found for penicillin(16% ,11/68)and clindamycin(6% ,1/17),and SP strains were completely resistant to erythromycin(100% ,31/31).The rates of discharge with cure and improvement were 22.5% (36/160)and 66.2% (106/160),respectively,while 18 cases(11.3% )had adverse outcomes.Conclusions Pediatric PM is more common in children aged 3 months to under 3 years.Intracranial complications are more frequently observed in children under 1 year old.Fever is the most common clinical manifestation of PM,and subdural effusion/emphysema and hydrocephalus are the most frequent complications.Non-culture detection methods for cerebrospinal fluid can improve pathogen detection rates.Adverse outcomes can be noted in more than 10% of PM cases.SP strains are high sensitivity to vancomycin,linezolid,meropenem,levofloxacin,moxifloxacin,rifampicin,and chloramphenicol.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(2):131-138]

YY 0585.4-2009 and ISO 8536-12:2021 standards were compared in terms of the blocking performance test method of disposable check valves for infusion equipment.The affecting factors and possible errors were analyzed when the blocking performance test was carried out according to YY 0585.4-2009,and it's pointed out ISO 8536-12:2021 gained advantages over YY 0585.4-2009 in the blocking performance test method of check valves.References and guidance were provided for standard revision and actual operation.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(9):78-83]

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of extraperitoneal robot-assisted laparoscopic modified Y-V plasty(LMYVP)in the treatment of refractory bladder neck contracture(BNC).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 10 cases of refractory BNC after transurethral resection of the prostate between September 2020 and January 2023,all with a history of recurrent urethral dilatation and at least two failures in transurethral surgical treatment of scarring.After definite diagnosis and re-moval of some of the scar tissues to flatten the elevated bladder neck under the cystoscope,we performed robot-assisted LMYVP using the da Vinci Si robotic system and a four-port extraperitoneal approach.The surgical procedure involved an inverted T-shaped incision in the bladder neck and urethral stricture ring,an inverted V-shaped excision of the scar area at the 3-9 o'clock position on the ventral side of the prostatic urethra,continuous full-layer suturing of the bladder neck and inverted V-shaped urethra with 3-0 barbed thread,and indwelling of an F20 silicone catheter for 2 weeks.At 3 months after surgery,we performed cystoscopic examination,measured the maximum urinary flow rate(Qmax),and obtained the IPSS and quality of life(QOL)scores of the patients.Results:Operations were successfully completed in all the cases.At 3 months after surgery,the patients showed significantly increased Qmax([3.65±1.27]vs[20.3±1.77]ml/s,P＜0.05),IPSS(5.9±2.02 vs 30±1.15,P＜0.05)and QOL score(1.3±0.95 vs 5.2±0.79,P＜0.05)compared with the baseline.Cystoscopy revealed a wide and flat bladder neck with good survival and hemody-namics of the bladder flap.All the patients met the criteria for clinical cure at a median follow-up of 13.2 months.Conclusion:Extraper-itoneal robot-assisted LMYVP provides a new strategy for urinary tract reconstruction in the management of refractory BNC,with the ad-vantages of minimal invasiveness,high efficiency and high success rate.

Abstract: Objective　To master the condition of cockroach population distribution, seasonal dynamics, cockroach density for different habitat, and to provide a basis for developing cockroach control strategies. Methods　Six types of surveillance sites, including residential areas, hotels, restaurants, supermarkets, hospitals and farm product markets, were set up in 14 cities in Liaoning to monitor cockroaches using the sticky-trap method. The cockroach surveillance data from vector surveillance sites in fourteen cities of Liaoning Province in 2021 were collected and statistically analyzed using Excel 2010 and SPSS 23.0 software. The density and species composition of cockroaches were analyzed, and the density difference and seasonal dynamics trend of cockroaches in different habitats were compared. Results　A total of 3 031 cockroaches were captured in 2021, of which Blattella germanica accounted for 94.66% (2 869/3 031) and was the dominant population. The total density of cockroaches was 0.230 0 cockroaches per sheet (3 031/13 234) and the total infestation rate of cockroaches was 5.59% (562/10 052). The density and infestation rate of cockroaches in different habitats were in the order of farm product markets, restaurants, and hotels and the difference in infestation rate between habitats was statistically significant (χ2=168.327, P<0.05). The seasonal dynamics trend of cockroach density and disoperation rate showed a unimodal curve, and the peaks were distributed in July. The seasonal dynamics of cockroach density and disoperation rate in different habitats showed a unimodal curve in the habitats of farm product markets, supermarkets, hotels, hospitals and residential areas all, while the habitats of restaurants were close to a double peak curve. Conclusions　B. germanica is the dominant species of cockroaches in Liaoning Province in 2021. Compared with 2020 the density and disoperation rate of cockroach in 2021 showed a slight downward trend, and the seasonal dynamics trend of cockroach density and disoperation rate showed a unimodal curve. The farm product markets are the key places for cockroach prevention and control. According to the seasonal fluctuation trends in cockroach density and infestation rate in different habitats, comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken before the peak periods to reduce cockroach density and control diseases.

The shoulder joint is the most flexible joint in the body with the largest range of motion, and the movement pattern is more complex. Accurate capture of three-dimensional motion data of the shoulder joint is crucial for biomechanical evaluation. Optical motion capture systems offer a non-invasive and radiation-free method to capture shoulder joint motion data during complex movements, enabling further biomechanical analysis of the shoulder joint. This review provides a comprehensive overview of optical motion capture technology in the context of shoulder joint movement, including measurement principles, data processing methods to reduce artifacts from skin and soft tissues, factors influencing measurement results, and applications in shoulder joint disorders.
Humans ; Shoulder ; Motion Capture ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Upper Extremity ; Shoulder Joint ; Movement ; Range of Motion, Articular

Objective To compare the effect of ARIMA models with and without covariates in predicting the number of HIV infections among young students in Dalian. Methods First, univariate correlation analysis was performed on the network, STD sequence and HIV sequence to understand whether there was a correlation and lag relationship between them. Secondly, variables with the strongest correlation and predictive value and HIV infection numbers were used as the baseline data to establish an ARIMA model with covariates and a general ARIMA model without covariates, and to predict the HIV number from 2019 to 2021. The average absolute errors were used as evaluation indexes to compare the prediction effects of the two models. Results A total of 841 cases of HIV infection among young students were reported in Dalian from 2013 to 2021. The results of univariate correlation analysis showed that the search index of the keyword AIDS in the Baidu Index in a given month from 2013 to 2019 was significantly positively correlated with the number of HIV infections in that month (r=0.302, P=0.006), and gonorrhea was negatively correlated with the number of HIV infections with a lag of 2 months (r=-0.250, P =0.024). Using gonorrhea incidence number and HIV infection number as the basic data, an ARIMA model with covariates and a general ARIMA model without covariates were established to predict the number of HIV infection among young students from 2019 to 2021, and the average absolute errors were 17.621% and 66.17%, respectively. Conclusion Compared with the general ARIMA model without covariates, the ARIMA model based on the combined use of STD incidence and HIV infection is more suitable for predicting the number of HIV infections among young students in Dalian, but the average absolute error of the model is still large, which needs further improvement in the future research.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate obesity on the outcome of rotator cuff repair. METHODS: Literatures on the relationship between obesity and outcomes after rotator cuff repair were searched from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China biology medicine(CBM), CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases from building database to August 1, 2022, and were screened independently by two authors according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Endnote X9 and Excel 2019 were used for literature extraction, management and data entry, and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate quality of the included literatures. STATA 16.0 and RevMan 5.4 softwares were used to evaluate postoperative retear rate, reoperation rate, complication rate, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, visual analogue scale (VAS), operative time and external rotation angle of shoulder joint pain were analyzed. RESULTS: Totally 13 literatures were included, including 6 retrospective studies, 5 case-control studies, 1 prospective cohort study, and 1 abstract of a study for which the full text was not available, with 85 503 patients (31 973 in obese group and 53 530 in non-obese group). Meta-analysis showed there were statistical differences between two groups in retear rate [OR=2.58, 95%CI(1.23, 5.41), P=0.01], reoperation rate[OR=1.31, 95%CI(1.21, 1.42), P<0.00], complication rate [OR=1.57, 95%CI(1.31, 1.87), P=0.00], ASES score[MD=-3.59, 95%CI(-5.45, -1.74), P=0.00], and VAS[MD=0.24, 95%CI(0.00, 0.49), P=0.05]. While there were no differences between two groups in operative time[MD=6.03, 95%CI(-7.63, 19.69), P=0.39], external rotation angle of shoulder joint[MD=-1.79, 95%CI(-5.30, 1.71), P=0.32]. CONCLUSION Obesity is associated with higher rates of retear, resurgery, complications, poorer shoulder function and pain after rotator cuff repair.
Humans ; Rotator Cuff/surgery* ; Rotator Cuff Injuries/complications* ; Retrospective Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Shoulder Pain ; Obesity/surgery* ; Arthroscopy

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics of tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) in children. Methods: The clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, genetic testing and follow-up of 10 children with TRAPS from May 2011 to May 2021 in 6 hospitals in China were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Among the 10 patients with TRAPS, including 8 boys and 2 girls. The age of onset was 2 (1, 5) years, the age of diagnosis was (8±4) years, and the time from onset to diagnosis was 3 (1, 7) years. A total of 7 types of TNFRSF1A gene variants were detected, including 5 paternal variations, 1 maternal variation and 4 de novo variations. Six children had a family history of related diseases. Clinical manifestations included recurrent fever in 10 cases, rash in 4 cases, abdominal pain in 6 cases, joint involvement in 6 cases, periorbital edema in 1 case, and myalgia in 4 cases. Two patients had hematological system involvement. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were significantly increased in 10 cases. All patients were negative for autoantibodies. In the course of treatment, 5 cases were treated with glucocorticoids, 7 cases with immunosuppressants, and 7 cases with biological agents. Conclusions: TRAPS is clinically characterized by recurrent fever accompanied by joint, gastrointestinal, skin, and muscle involvement. Inflammatory markers are elevated, and autoantibodies are mostly negative. Treatment mainly involves glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and biological agents.
Male ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics* ; Retrospective Studies ; Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases/drug therapy* ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use* ; Biological Factors/therapeutic use* ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use* ; Autoantibodies ; Familial Mediterranean Fever/diagnosis* ; Mutation

Headache is a common clinical complication of ischemic stroke. As a precursor of stroke, headache occurs repeatedly in the convalescent period of ischemic stroke, leading to secondary stroke and seriously hindering patients' rehabilitation. Currently, it is believed that the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke-related headache is associated with the abnormal release of vasoactive substances, high platelet aggregation, and stimulation of intracranial pain-sensitive structures. The active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) with the effects of activating blood to resolve stasis and clearing heat to release exterior can protect brain tissue and relieve headache by reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines, alleviating antioxidant stress, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and so on. This paper introduces the research progress in the potential mechanism and TCM treatment of ischemic stroke-related headache, aiming to provide reference for further research and drug development of this complication.
Humans ; Ischemic Stroke/drug therapy* ; Brain Ischemia/drug therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Stroke/drug therapy* ; Headache/drug therapy* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use*

Objective: To analyze the association of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the Chinese middle-aged and elderly population from four provinces. Methods: Data were drawn from the baseline data of the Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Disease 2018-2019. We selected 3 272 subjects aged 55 and above with completed information on demographics, lifestyle, disease history, cognitive test, psychological assessment, and bio-chemistries measurement, and who were capable of performing basic activities of daily living but without Alzheimer's disease during recruitment. A multivariate logistic regression model was employed to analyze the association between FPG and MCI. Results: Median level of FPG in the study population was 5.5 mmol/L. The prevalence of MCI was 24.8%, and those in groups of the FPG quintile were 19.4%, 22.2%, 29.2%, 26.6%, and 26.1%, respectively, which significantly increased the trend (P=0.002). After adjustment of confounders, multivariate logistic regression analysis found that the MCI risk of subjects in the Q₃,Q₄ and Q₅ groups was 1.641 (95%CI: 1.226-2.131), 1.373 (95%CI: 1.036-1.825), 1.402 (95%CI: 1.054-1.871) times as high as that in the Q₁ group, respectively. Conclusion: High FPG level might serve as a risk factor for MCI in the middle-aged and elderly population, suggesting the importance of monitoring and controlling plasma glucose even without diabetes.
Middle Aged ; Humans ; Aged ; Fasting ; Blood Glucose ; Activities of Daily Living ; Cohort Studies ; Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology*