Objective To summarize the prescription and medication rules for the treatment of diabetes mellitus by contemporary Lingnan famous Chinese medical practitioners through data mining analysis.Methods The literature on treating diabetes mellitus by contemporary Lingnan famous Chinese medical practitioners were retrieved from the databases of CNKI,Wanfang and VIP,and the collections of clinical experience and medical cases of contemporary Lingnan famous practitioners were also reviewed to screen the relevant medical records of diabetes mellitus treated by Lingnan famous practitioners.The information of Chinese medicine prescriptions for diabetes mellitus in the medical records was input to Excel to establish a database,and then the frequency analysis was performed in terms of the nature,flavors and meridian tropism,therapeutic-action classification of the Chinese herbal medicines and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome types.Moreover,the association rule analysis and cluster analysis were carried out using IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 and SPSS Statistics 26.0.Results A total of 62 medical records of diabetes mellitus treated by the 24 contemporary Lingnan famous Chinese medical practitioners such as DENG Tie-Tao,LIU Shi-Chang,XIONG Man-Qi,LI Sai-Mei,ZHU Zhang-Zhi,LIU Min,and FAN Guan-Ji were screened out for the analysis.And a total of 101 prescriptions involving 210 Chinese herbal medicines were included.There were 29 commonly-used Chinese medicines with a frequency being or more than 15 times,and they were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle,Astragali Radix,Bupleuri Radix,Puerariae Lobatae Radix,Poria,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Codonopsis Radix,Scutellariae Radix,etc.According to the therapeutic action,the Chinese medicines were mainly classified into the categories of drugs for supplementing the deficiency,drugs for clearing heat,and drugs for dispelling wind-damp.The primary syndrome types were syndrome of deficiency of both spleen and kidney and syndrome of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency,and the syndromes were usually complicated with the syndrome elements of qi deficiency,yin deficiency,yang deficiency,cold-damp,phlegm-damp,and damp-heat.The association rule analysis yielded 28 core drug combinations consisting of 2-4 herbs,and the cluster analysis yielded 5 new candidate prescriptions,which were mainly derived from the modification of classical formulas such as Xiao Chaihu Decoction,Fuzi Lizhong Decoction,Yuquan Pills plus Zengye Decoction,and Zuogui Pills.Conclusion For the treatment of diabetes mellitus,contemporary Lingnan famous Chinese medical practitioners primarily adopt the methods of invigorating spleen and warming kidney,and soothing liver,draining dampness and resolving turbidity,which has more distinctive regional characteristics of Lingnan and can provide a reference for syndrome differentiation and treatment of diabetes mellitus in the Lingnan area.

ObjectiveIn recent years, with the intensification of environmental issues and the depletion of ozone layer, incidence of skin tumors has also significantly increased, becoming one of the major threats to people’s lives and health. However, due to factors such as high concealment in the early stage of skin tumors, unclear symptoms, and large human skin area, most cases are detected in the middle to late stage. Early detection plays a crucial role in postoperative survival of skin tumors, which can significantly improve the treatment and survival rates of patients. We proposed a rapid non-invasive electrical impedance detection method for early screening of skin tumors based on bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) technology. MethodsFirstly, we have established a complete skin stratification model, including stratum corneum, epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. And the numerical analysis method was used to investigate the effect of dehydrated and dry skin stratum corneum on contact impedance in BIS measurement. Secondly, differentiation effect of different diameter skin tumor tissues was studied using a skin model after removing the stratum corneum. Then, in order to demonstrate that BIS technology can be used for detecting the microinvasion stage of skin tumors, we conducted a simulation study on the differentiation effect of skin tumors under different infiltration depths. Finally, in order to verify that the designed BIS detection system can distinguish between tumor microinvasion periods, we conducted tumor invasion experiments using hydrogel treated pig skin tissue. ResultsThe simulation results show that a dry and high impedance stratum corneum will bring about huge contact impedance, which will lead to larger measurement errors and affect the accuracy of measurement results. We extracted the core evaluation parameter of relaxed imaginary impedance (Z_imag-relax) from the simulation results of the skin tumor model. When the tumor radius (R_tumor) and invasion depth (h)>1.5 mm, the designed BIS detection system can distinguish between tumor tissue and normal tissue. At the same time, in order to evaluate the degree of canceration in skin tissue, the degree of tissue lesion (ε_worse) is defined by the relaxed imaginary impedance (Z_imag-relax) of normal and tumor tissue (ε_worse is the percentage change in virtual impedance of tumor tissue relative to that of normal tissue), and we fitted a Depth-Z_imag-relax curve using relaxation imaginary impedance data at different infiltration depths, which can be applied to quickly determine the infiltration depth of skin tumors after being supplemented with a large amount of clinical data in the future. The experimental results proved that when ε_worse=0.492 0, BIS could identify microinvasive tumor tissue, and the fitting curve correction coefficient of determination was 0.946 8, with good fitting effect. The simulation using pig skin tissue correlated the results of real human skin simulation with the experimental results of pig skin tissue, proving the reliability of this study, and laying the foundation for further clinical research in the future. ConclusionOur proposed BIS method has the advantages of fast, real-time, and non-invasive detection, as well as high sensitivity to skin tumors, which can be identified during the stage of tumor microinvasion.

Objective To evaluate the effects of ketamine combined with sufentanil on postoperative analgesia and depression in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty.Methods A total of 60 patients who underwent elective hip arthroplasty were selected and divided into the S group,the SK1 group and the SK2 group according to the patient-controlled intravenous analgesia regimen,with 20 cases in each group.Patients in the S group were received 2 μg/kg of sufentanil for postoperative analgesia,patients in the SK1 group were received 1 mg/kg of esketamine and 2 μg/kg of sufentanil for postoperative analgesia,and patients in the SK2 group were received 2 mg/kg of esketamine and 2 μg/kg of sufentanil for postoperative analgesia.At 1,4,24,and 48 hours after surgery,the analgesic effect of patients was evaluated using the numeric rating scale(NRS),and the sedation effect of patients was evaluated using the Ramsay sedation score.Depression of patients before and 48 hours after surgery was assessed by self-rating depression scale(SDS).The adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting,dizziness and headache,respiratory depression,and mental symptoms within 48 hours after surgery of patients were recorded.Results The NRS scores 1,4,and 24 hours after surgery of patients in the SK1 group and the SK2 group were lower than those in the S group(P<0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the NRS scores 48 hours after surgery of patients among the three groups(P>0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the NRS scores at different postoperative points of patients between the SK1 and SK2 groups(P>0.05).The SDS scores 48 hours after surgery of patients in each group were lower than those before surgery(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the Ramsay scores at different postoperative points of patients among the three groups(P>0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions 48 hours after surgery in the SK2 group was higher than those in the S group and the SK1 group(P<0.05).Conclusion Using 1 mg/kg of esketamine combined with 2 μg/kg of sufentanil after hip arthroplasty has a good analgesic effect without obvious increase of adverse reactions or significant effect on improving depression of patients.

Objective lo investigate the protective effect of dihydromyricetin(DHM)against exercise-induced muscle damage(EIMD)in mice and its potential mechanism. Methods Adult male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group(CG),exercise group(EG),and exercise+100 mg/kg weightd DHM(DHM)group.The intervention lasted for four weeks,during which the animals in the EG and DHM groups were subjected to exercise training for 1 h per day.The day after the training,a 90-min treadmill exercise(slope:0 and speed:18 m/min)was conducted in both EG and DHM groups.Samples of blood and gastrocnemius muscles were harvested from the three groups 24 h after the exercise,followed by the measurement of serum creatine kinase(CK)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activities,total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)activity,malondialdehyde(MDA),and skeletal muscle mitochondrial enzyme complex Ⅰ and Ⅱ activities.Histological changes in the skeletal muscle were observed by transmission electron microscopy,and the protein expressions of mitochondrial function-related pathways were detected by Western blotting. Results Skeletal muscle morphological changes and mitochondrial damage were alleviated in the DHM group compared to those in the EG.The activities of EIMD markers CK and LDH and the level of lipid peroxidation were notably repressed and the serum T-SOD activity was enhanced after DHM intervention.Western blotting demonstrated that the expressions of sirtuin type 3(SIRT3),estrogen-related receptor alpha,and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha in the skeletal muscle of mice increased after the DHM intervention. Conclusion DHM can relieve EIMD in mice,possibly by promoting the recovery of the mitochondrial structure and function in the skeletal muscle of mice after high-intensity exercise via the activation of the SIRT3 signaling pathway.

Anti-tumor traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of clinic application, in which the star molecules have always been the hotspot of modern drug research, but they are limited by the solubility, stability, targeting, bioactivity or toxicity of the monomer components of traditional Chinese medicine anti-tumor star molecules and other pharmacokinetic problems, which hinders the traditional Chinese medicine anti-tumor star molecules for further clinical translation and application. Currently, the nanosystems prepared by supramolecular technologies such as molecular self-assembly and nanomaterial encapsulation have broader application prospects in improving the anti-tumor effect of active components of traditional Chinese medicine, which has attracted extensive attention from scholars at home and abroad. In this paper, we systematically review the research progress in preparation of supramolecular nano-systems from anti-tumor star molecule of traditional Chinese medicine, and summarize the two major categories and ten small classes of carrier-free and carrier-based supramolecular nanosystems and their research cases, and the future development direction is put forward. The purpose of this paper is to provide reference for the research and clinical transformation of using supramolecular technology to improve the clinical application of anti-tumor star molecule of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To investigate the effects of Chaihuang Yishen Granules on renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO)mice and its underlying mechanisms.Methods Twenty-four 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,and low and high dose groups of Chaihuang Yishen Granules(6 in each group).In control group,only right kidney ureter was exposed and dissected.In model group,the UUO animal model was established by UUO.In low and high dose groups,mice were administered intragastrically at doses of 3.8 and 7.6 g/kg of Chaihuang Yishen Granules respectively,following the model group's method to establish the UUO model.After 7 days,the mice were euthanized and renal samples were collected.HE and Masson staining were used to observe pathological changes and fibrosis degree of the kidneys in each group,Sirius red staining was used to observe collagen deposition.The expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),fibronectin(FN),type Ⅰ collagen(Col-Ⅰ),glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK-3β),and β-catenin related proteins were detected using Western blotting.Changes in A33 and GSK-3β,β-catenin mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR.Additionally,a normal transformed C3H mouse kidney-1(TCMK1)was used as control(normal group);an in vitro fibrosis model was established using TCMK1 stimulated with Transforming Growth Factor-β(TGF-β);and an in vitro drug model was established using TCMK1 treated with serum containing Chaihuang Yishen Granules.A33 was overexpressed in TCMK1 cells using a transfection with an A33 overexpression plasmid,and changes in fibrosis-related indicators and the expression of A33 and GSK-3β,β-catenin mRNA were observed.Results RT-PCR results showed that,compared with control group,A33 level was significantly increased in model group,while it was significantly reduced in both low and high dose groups of Chaihuang Yishen Granules(P＜0.05).Western blotting showed that the expression levels of fibrosis-related factors such as α-SMA,FN,Col-Ⅰ in model group were significantly higher than those in control group(P＜0.05);while compared with model group,the expression levels of α-SMA,FN,Col-Ⅰ in low and high dose groups of Chaihuang Yishen Granules were significantly lower(P＜0.05).HE,Masson,immunohistochemical staining results showed that model group had severe kidney structural damage,significant increase in collagen deposition,and significantly higher expression levels of GSK-3β and β-catenin proteins compared with those in control group(P＜0.01).In contrast,low and high dose groups of Chaihuang Yishen Granules had good kidney structure,significant improvement in kidney damage and fibrosis,and significantly lower expression levels of GSK-3β and β-catenin proteins compared with those in model group(P＜0.05).In vitro experiment results confirmed that,compared with normal group,A33 overexpression promoted the upregulation of fibrosis-related factors in TCMK1 cells,significantly increase the expression of downstream target genes GSK-3β and β-catenin mRNA in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway(P＜0.05),and A33 overexpression reversed the cellular fibrosis changes downregulated by the serum containing Chaihuang Yishen Granules(P＜0.01).Conclusion Chaihuang Yishen Granules significantly improve renal fibrosis in UUO mice by downregulating the A33/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,suggesting that A33 may be a potential therapeutic target for renal fibrosis.

Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder.With the emergence of disease-modifying therapies,the prognosis of SMA has significantly improved,drawing increased attention to the importance of home rehabilitation and nursing management.Long-term,standardized home rehabilitation and nursing can delay the progression of SMA,enhance the psychological well-being,and improve the quality of life of both patients and caregivers.This article provides an overview of the goals of home rehabilitation,basic functional training methods,respiratory management,and nutritional management for SMA patients,as well as psychological health issues,emphasizing the significance of obtaining appropriate home rehabilitation and support during the care process.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(4):420-424]

Objective To investigate the risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks,and to provide a basis for early identification of BPD in twin preterm infants in clinical practice.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks who were admitted to 22 hospitals nationwide from January 2018 to December 2020.According to their conditions,they were divided into group A(both twins had BPD),group B(only one twin had BPD),and group C(neither twin had BPD).The risk factors for BPD in twin preterm infants were analyzed.Further analysis was conducted on group B to investigate the postnatal risk factors for BPD within twins.Results A total of 904 pairs of twins with a gestational age of<34 weeks were included in this study.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with group C,birth weight discordance of>25%between the twins was an independent risk factor for BPD in one of the twins(OR=3.370,95%CI:1.500-7.568,P<0.05),and high gestational age at birth was a protective factor against BPD(P<0.05).The conditional logistic regression analysis of group B showed that small-for-gestational-age(SGA)birth was an independent risk factor for BPD in individual twins(OR=5.017,95%CI:1.040-24.190,P<0.05).Conclusions The development of BPD in twin preterm infants is associated with gestational age,birth weight discordance between the twins,and SGA birth.

This study was aimed at exploring the epidemiological characteristics of plague,and the evolutionary relation-ships among the isolated plague strains in the Yunnan border area,to provide clues for further studying epidemic causes and ep-idemiological patterns.Plague epidemic data in the border area during the second epidemic period(1982-2007)were collected and analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods.Whole genome sequences of 262 strains of Yersinia pestis in the border area were obtained for phylogenetic analysis.Plague outbreaks occurred in 17 counties(cities)among 25 border counties(cit-ies);a total of 552 epidemic foci and 123 human cases were identified.The 1.ORI2,1.ORI3,1.IN3,2.ANT and 2.MED geno-types were identified among Yersinia pestis isolated from the Yunnan border area,among which the 1.ORI2 population was dominant.A total of 258 strains of Yersinia pestis from the 1.OR12 population belonged to four subclusters.The Myanmar and Vietnam clade was embedded within the Yunnan clade in the overall phylogeny.The above results indicated that during the sec-ond period of the epidemic,the intensity of plague epidemics in Yunnan's border areas was high,showing a trend of devel-opment from west to south and east.Our findings indicated a risk of cross-border transmission of plague between Yunnan and neighboring countries;therefore,the surveillance,pre-vention,and control of plague in border areas should be strengthened.

This is the first reported case of a female with monkeypox infection in Kunming City,Yunnan Province.An epi-demiological investigation was conducted to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of monkeypox epidemics in China,especially for early detection in females in accordance with the"Monkeypox prevention and control program(2023 ver-sion)".Diagnosis was performed as described in the"Monkeypox Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines(2022 version)".Speci-mens were collected for laboratory testing.The epidemiological investigation determined that the female patient had sexual in-tercourse with her newly married husband once before disease onset and the husband hid his history of male homosexual sex.The laboratory test results of the woman and her husband were positive for the nucleic acid of the monkeypox virus.Both had typical clinical symptoms,including rash.The epidemiological investigation,clinical symptoms,laboratory test results,and previous epidemic data of monkeypox in Yunnan province confirmed the woman as the first female infected with monkeypox in Yunnan Province and her husband was the presumed source of infection.