Objective To investigate the association between body mass index(BMI),sex hormone and single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor(FSHR)gene rs2268361 and rs2349415 and its correlation with the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods Peripheral blood was collected from 213 PCOS patients and 207 healthy controls,attending the Department of Reproductive Medicine at the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University,and 32 follicular fluids were randomly collected from each of the PCOS and control groups from March to August 2021.Calculation of BMI of the PCOS and control groups;The levels of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol(E2),testosterone(T),progesterone(P)and prolactin(PRL)in peripheral blood of the two groups were detected by immunochemiluminescence method.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and high-resolution melting curve(HRM)were used to analyze the polymorphisms of rs2268361 and rs2349415 in FSHR of the two groups.Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of FSHR gene mRNA in peripheral blood and ovarian granulosa cells.Results There was a strong positive correlation between LH and LH/FSH(r=0.88,P<0.05);The levels of BMI,E2,LH,LH/FSH and T in PCOS group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05);FSH level was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.001).HRM analysis showed the frequencies of CC,CT and TT genotypes at rs2349415 were 55.9%,34.3%and 9.8%in PCOS group and 68.6%,23.2%and 8.2%in control group,respectively.The frequencies of C and T alleles were 73.0%and 27.0%in PCOS group and 80.2%and 19.8%in control group,respectively.There were significant differences in genotype frequencies and allele frequencies between the two groups(P<0.05);The expression level of FSHR mRNA was higher in ovarian granulosa cells in PCOS group than in control group(P=0.004),the expression level of FSHR mRNA in rs2349415 TT genotype was higher than that in CC(P=0.002)and CT(P=0.035)genotype.Conclusion High levels of BMI, LH, E2 and T allele of rs2349415 increased the risk of PCOS.

Drug instructions,the statutory and technical documents recording effectiveness and safety information,are an important basis for guiding doctors,pharmacists,and patients to use drugs rationally,and their scientificity,standardization,and accuracy directly affect the medication safety of the public. The sections of adverse drug events,contraindications,precautions,warnings,and application for specific populations in drug instructions directly express safety information and measures for rational use of drugs. In the drug life cycle,marketing authorization holders( MAHs) need to update safety information in the instructions promptly to ensure the safety and effectiveness of clinical drug medication. At present,revising instructions is an important measure to control drug risks. In the drug life cycle,in order to standardize the revision of safety information in the instructions by MAHs and eliminate inexact terms such as " unclear",the Technical Specifications for Revision of Safety Information in Marketed Chinese Patent Medicine Instructions,a series of group standards,have been established under the guidance of Standardization Department,China Association of Chinese Medicine. Therefore,on the basis of the existing rules and regulations,the standardized technical procedures for revising instructions came into being to help clinical safe and rational medication of drugs,and implement the strategy of " Healthy China".
China ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects* ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Nonprescription Drugs/adverse effects* ; Reference Standards

Technical Specifications for Revision of Safety Information in Marketed Chinese Patent Medicine Instructions,a series of group standards,were proposed by Professor ZHANG Bing from Research Center for Pharmacovigilance and Rational Use of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and underwent centralized management by Chinese Association of Chinese Medicine. They were officially released on July 23 and implemented on July 31,2021. The series of group standards consist of six sections,including general principles,adverse drug events,contraindications,precautions,application for special populations,and warnings. The section of general principles is comprised of holistic and programmatic expressions,which explain the general technical requirements for revising the marketed Chinese patent medicine instructions. The other five sections focus on information collection,screening,transformation,and illustration of specific items,forming a standardized revision technical process. This series of standards is the result of multiple rounds of research and the suggestions of more than 200 experts in different professional fields of " medicine-pharmacy-management-law-enterprise" have been gathered therein to reach a consensus. With the purposes of establishing standardized technical specifications for the revision of safety information in the marketed Chinese patent medicine instructions,guiding marketing authorization holders in revising the instructions,filling the gaps in the research of Chinese patent medicine instructions,promoting the deve-lopment of pharmaceutical care and academic research,and encouraging the rational and safe medication of Chinese patent medicine,the series of group standards is of great significance.
China ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects* ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Nonprescription Drugs/adverse effects* ; Pharmacovigilance

Arsenic/toxicity* ; Bangladesh ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth/chemically induced* ; Rural Population ; Zinc

In order to solve the problems of confusion in clinical medication and imperfect instructions in Chinese patent medicines(CPMs), the Standardization Department of the China Association of Chinese Medicine and Center for Pharmacovigilance and Rational use of Chinese Medicine in Beijing University of Chinese Medicine jointly compiled the Instructions for Clinical Application of Chinese Patent Medicines(CPMs). As the interpretation and supplement of drug instruction information, it aims to guide clinical safety and rational use of CPMs. In addition, the technical specification for clinical application description of CPMs has been formulated, which covers the seven processes of "carding instructions, clinical investigation, data retrieval, data screening, evidence classification, path transformation and writing format". It will enable readers of Instructions for Clinical Application of Chinese Patent Medicines to understand the work behind the compilation.
Beijing ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Nonprescription Drugs ; Pharmacovigilance

Objective To find late diagnosis and its influencing factors of newly reported HIV/AIDS in Guizhou Province from 2014 to 2018. Methods Through the Chinese National Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care Information System,all newly reported HIV/AIDS cases from 2014 to 2018 in Guizhou Province were analyzed and related factors of late diagnosis were analyzed using binary Logistic regression model. Results From 2014 to 2018, there were 33 611 newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Guizhou Province, and the late diagnosis rates of newly reported cases were 35.46%, 34.49%, 38.35%, 39.74% and 38.80% respectively. The analysis showed that the proportion of late diagnosis cases from medical institutions increased year by year ( 2=64.603,P<0.001). By analyzing the late diagnosis rate of cases from different sample sources, medical institutions was significantly higher than that reported by voluntary counseling and testing, positive spouses or sexual partners( 2=276.033,P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that gender, marital status, route of transmission, occupation, ethnicity and source of samples were associated with the late diagnosis of newly reported cases (all P<0.05). Conclusions It shows a slow upward trend of late diagnosis rate among HIV/AIDS reported in Guizhou Province from 2014 to 2018.On the one hand, it is of great significance to continue to strengthen the publicity and education of the whole population in Guizhou , in order to improve the awareness of HIV active detection. On the other hand, we should continue to expand HIV testing in Guizhou Province to improve the early detection level of HIV/AIDS.

OBJECTIVE: To establish an animal model for loaded swimming, so as to investigate the energy metabolism effects of soybean isoflavones (SI) on swimming mice. METHODS: Thirty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into three groups:normal control, swimming group, and swimming+SI group. The normal control group mice were fed a basic AIN-93M diet, the SI groups were supplied with soybean isoflavones(4 g/kg).Two weeks later, the mice were forced to swim for an hour,and then all the mice were killed, the samples of blood, liver and muscles of hind were collected.The serum contents of lactic acid(Lac), the activities of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), creatine kinase (CK) and ATPase were measured. RESULTS: Compared with normal control,the serum content of Lac was significantly improved in the group of the swimming control and SI(<0.05),the activity of LDH in the serum was obviously improved in the group of the swimming control and SI, and the activity of CK and SDH were both significantly improved in the group of the swimming control and SI except the activity of SDH in the liver of the group SI; compared with the swimming control,the serum contents of Lac,the activities of LDH, ATPase, SDH, CK were obviously improved(<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Soybean isoflavones can improve the energy metabolism,antioxidant capacity of the swimming mice.
Adenosine Triphosphatases ; blood ; Animals ; Creatine Kinase ; blood ; Energy Metabolism ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; blood ; Lactic Acid ; blood ; Male ; Mice ; Random Allocation ; Soybeans ; chemistry ; Succinate Dehydrogenase ; blood ; Swimming

Objective:To construct the recombinant DNA E.coli ghosts (EBGs) expressing Treponema pallidum adhesin Tp0751 (pcD/Tp0751-BG) and determine its immunocompetence in immunized mice,and provide a potential novel method for syphilis vaccine developing.Methods:The recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)/Tp0751 was constructed and loaded into empty EBGs to create pcD/Tp0751-BG.The loading rate was determined accordingly.Macrophages cell line RAW264.7 was transfected with pcD/Tp0751-BG,and the expression of recombinant Tp0751(rTp0751) protein was detected by Western blot(WB).For immuno-competence in mice,the female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 6 groups,including three control groups,A (PBS),B (EBG),C (empty pcDNA),and experimental group D(naked pcD/Tp0751),E (pcD/Tp0751-BG) and F (pcD/Tp0751-BG+rTp0751).All the mice were immunized as indicated for three times by intramuscular injection at two weeks intervals.The levels of specific IgG in sera and SIgA in genital tract lavage fluid were measured by ELISA.Levels of lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ secretion in spleen cells were measured by CCK-8 Cell Counting Kit and ELISA as well,respectively.Results:The loading rate of pcD/Tp0751 to EBGs was 76.1%.WB showed that the target recombinant protein pcD/Tp0751 expressed in RAW264.7 cells was active with Tp-infected rabbit sera.The titers of specific IgG and SIgA in group D,E,F gradually increased to significantly higher level as compared to the control groups (P<0. 01),which reached its peak at wk 8 after last immunization(the titers of IgG and SIgA were 1 :102 400 and 1 :12 800 in group F,respectively). Higher levels of specific IgG and SIgA were observed in groups E and F as compared to group D after first boost (P<0. 01),with groups F higher than group E after last boost(P<0. 01). At wk 8 after the last boost,the stimulation index (SI) and levels of IFN-γ in group D,E,F were all significant higher than the control groups (P<0. 01), with group E and F higher than group D (P<0. 01),and group E higher than group F (P<0. 05). Conclusion: The recombinant DNA EBGs of T. pallidum adhesin Tp0751 (pcD/ Tp0751-BG) possesses the immunocompetence to induce not only strong mucosal and systemic humoral immune response but also systemic cellular immune response in BALB/ c mice. The heterologous boost can be more efficient than homologous boost during immunization process.

PURPOSEWe once reported blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) in confined space. Here, bTBI was studied again on goats in the open air using 3.0 kg trinitrotoluene.

METHODSThe goats were placed at 2, 4, 6 and 8 m far from explosion center. Trinitrotoluene (TNT) was used as the source of the blast wave and the pressure at each distance was recorded. The systemic physiology, electroencephalogram, serum level of S-100 beta, and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were determined pre and post the exposure. Neuroanatomy and neuropathology were observed 4 h after the exposure.

RESULTSSimple blast waveforms were recorded with parameters of 702.8 kPa-0.442 ms, 148.4 kPa-2.503 ms, 73.9 kPa-3.233 ms, and 41.9 kPa-5.898 ms at 2, 4, 6 and 8 m respectively. Encephalic blast overpressure was on the first time recorded in the literature by us at 104.2 kPa-0.60 ms at 2 m, where mortality and burn rate were 44% and 44%. Gross examination showed that bTBI was mainly manifested as congestive expansion of blood vessels and subarachnoid hemorrhage, which had a total incidence of 25% and 19% in 36 goats. Microscopical observation found that the main pathohistological changes were enlarged perivascular space (21/36, 58%), small hemorrhages (9/36, 25%), vascular dilatation and congestion (8/36, 22%), and less subarachnoid hemorrhage (2/36, 6%). After explosion, serum levels of S-100b and NSE were elevated, and EEG changed into slow frequency with declined amplitude. The results indicated that severity and incidence of bTBI is related to the intensity of blast overpressure.

CONCLUSIONBlast wave can pass through the skull to directly injure brain tissue.

Animals ; Blast Injuries ; complications ; Brain ; pathology ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic ; etiology ; pathology ; Electroencephalography ; Goats ; Male ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; blood ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the status of enterovirus (EV) infection in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI).

METHODSA total of 404 samples (with odd numbers) of nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from the children who were hospitalized in the Children's Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital due to ALRTI between September 2007 and April 2008. The conserved sequence in the 5'-noncoding region of EV was used to design the primer, and nested RT-PCR was performed to detect EV in the samples.

RESULTSOf the 404 samples, 19 (4.7%) were EV-positive, and mostly taken from children under 3 years of age (95%); there was no significant difference in the detection rate between male and female children. Of the EV-positive children, 13 (68%) were clinically diagnosed with bronchial pneumonia, and 6 (32%) with bronchiolitis; 90% of them showed symptoms of fever, 84% had a cough, 63% had asthma, and 63% had complications mainly including diarrhea (6 cases), granulocytopenia (4 cases), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (2 cases). In addition, 26% of the EV-positive children had leukocyte disorder, more than half had liver dysfunction, and a few had myocardial involvement.

CONCLUSIONSEV is a pathogen that should not be neglected in children with ALRTI. For these children, close attention should be paid to the epidemiological status and clinical features of EV infection, and blood routine examination, liver function test and myocardial enzyme assay should be carried out periodically to improve prognosis.

Acute Disease ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Enterovirus Infections ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nasopharynx ; virology ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; virology