Objective To investigate the incidence rate,clinical characteristics,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen,China.Methods Led by Shenzhen Children's Hospital,the Shenzhen Neonatal Data Collaboration Network organized 21 institutions to collect 36 cases of neonatal stroke from January 2020 to December 2022.The incidence,clinical characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen were analyzed.Results The incidence rate of neonatal stroke in 21 hospitals from 2020 to 2022 was 1/15 137,1/6 060,and 1/7 704,respectively.Ischemic stroke accounted for 75％(27/36);boys accounted for 64％(23/36).Among the 36 neonates,31(86％)had disease onset within 3 days after birth,and 19(53％)had convulsion as the initial presentation.Cerebral MRI showed that 22 neonates(61％)had left cerebral infarction and 13(36％)had basal ganglia infarction.Magnetic resonance angiography was performed for 12 neonates,among whom 9(75％)had involvement of the middle cerebral artery.Electroencephalography was performed for 29 neonates,with sharp waves in 21 neonates(72％)and seizures in 10 neonates(34％).Symptomatic/supportive treatment varied across different hospitals.Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment was performed for 12 neonates(33％,12/36),with a mean score of(32±4)points.The prognosis of 27 neonates was followed up to around 12 months of age,with 44％(12/27)of the neonates having a good prognosis.Conclusions Ischemic stroke is the main type of neonatal stroke,often with convulsions as the initial presentation,involvement of the middle cerebral artery,sharp waves on electroencephalography,and a relatively low neurodevelopment score.Symptomatic/supportive treatment is the main treatment method,and some neonates tend to have a poor prognosis.

OBJECTIVES: To improve the understanding of the clinical phenotypes and genetic characteristics of nephronophthisis (NPHP) and related syndromes in children. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of eight children with NPHP and related syndromes who were diagnosed and treated in the Department of Pediatrics of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, from January 2018 to November 2022. The clinical characteristics and genetic testing results were analyzed. RESULTS: Among these eight children, there were five boys and three girls, with an age of onset ranging from 15 months to 12 years. All 8 children exhibited different degrees of renal function abnormalities when they attended the hospital. Among the eight children, two had the initial symptom of delayed development, two had the initial symptom of anemia, and two were found to have abnormal renal function during physical examination. The extrarenal manifestations included cardiovascular abnormalities in two children, skeletal dysplasia in two children, liver dysfunction in one child, retinitis pigmentosa in one child, and visceral translocation in one child. All eight children had renal structural changes on ultrasound, and four children had mild to moderate proteinuria based on routine urine test. Of all eight children, five had NPHP1 gene mutations and one each had a gene mutation in the NPHP3, IFT140, and TTC21B genes, and four new mutation sites were discovered. CONCLUSIONS Children with NPHP and related syndromes often have the initial symptom of delayed development or anemia, and some children also have extrarenal manifestations. NPHP and related syndromes should be considered for children with unexplained renal dysfunction, and high-throughput sequencing may help to make a confirmed diagnosis.
Child ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Syndrome ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic/genetics* ; Mutation ; Phenotype

Objective: We investigated changes in the intestinal flora of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). Methods: Between September 2019 and November 2019, stool samples from 14 children with MPP from The Fourth Hospital of Baotou city, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, were collected and divided into general treatment (AF) and probiotic (AFY) groups, according to the treatment of "combined Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus cereus tablets live". High-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing was used to identify intestinal flora. Results: Intestinal flora abundance and diversity in children with MPP were decreased. Both Shannon and Simpson indices were lower in the AF group when compared with healthy controls ( P < 0.05). When compared with healthy controls, the proportion of Enterorhabdus was lower in the AF group, while the proportion of Lachnoclostridium was higher ( P < 0.05). The proportion of Bifidobacteria and Akkermansia was lower in the AFY group but Enterococcus, Lachnoclostridium, Roseburia, and Erysipelatoclostridium proportions were higher. The proportion of Escherichia coli- Shigella in the AFY group after treatment was decreased ( P < 0.05). Conclusions The intestinal flora of children with MPP is disturbed, manifested as decreased abundance and diversity, and decreased Bifidobacteria. Our probiotic mixture partly improved intestinal flora disorders.
Child ; DNA, Ribosomal ; Escherichia coli ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; Technology

OBJECTIVE: To study the role of autophagy in the development of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) by analyzing the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and suppressor of T-cell receptor signaling 1 (STS-1) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of children with sJIA. METHODS: A total of 26 children with sJIA were enrolled as the sJIA group, and 26 healthy children were enrolled as the control group. Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of LC3-II, STS-1, and MyD88 in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Immunofluorescence assay was used to measure the expression of LC3-II in the cytoplasm of lymphocytes. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between indices. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the sJIA group had significant increases in the expression of LC3-II, STS-1, and MyD88 (P<0.05). In the sJIA group, the expression of LC3-II was positively correlated with that of MyD88 (r=0.478, P<0.05), and the expression of STS-1 was also positively correlated with that of MyD88 (r=0.817, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is high expression of LC3-II in peripheral blood lymphocytes of children with sJIA, suggesting that the development of sJIA may be associated with excessive expression of autophagy. STS-1 may induce autophagy by activating some signaling pathways, and MyD88 may participate in autophagy through the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
Arthritis, Juvenile ; Autophagy ; Child ; Humans

This study proposed a quantitative method for 34 pesticides including organochlorine,organophosphorus and pyrethroids in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma herbs and medicinal slices,and analyzed the pesticide residues of collected Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma samples from different regions. With acetonitrile extraction and optimized Qu Ech ERS purification,the 32 batches of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma herbs and medicinal slices were analyzed by matrix matching standard curve quantitative analysis under GC-MS/MS multi-response monitoring( MRM) mode. This study investigated the pretreatment of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma samples based on the Qu Ech ERS method of Chinese Pharmacopoeia( 2015 edition,4),and the result showed that the recoveries of some pesticide was low and pigment has a strong interference in analysis,which result in worse purification effect. Therefore,this paper further optimized the Qu Ech ERS method and corrected the matrix matching standard curve method,and compensated the qualitative and quantitative effects of matrix effects on the detected target compounds in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. The results showed that 34 kinds of pesticide had good linear( R~2 of 0. 996 4 or higher) within a covering 0. 01-0. 2 mg·kg~(-1) concentration range. The limits of quantitation are less than 0. 01 mg·kg~(-1). This method was further applied to the simultaneous determination of 34 pesticide residues of typical organochlorine,organophosphorus and pyrethroids in 32 batches of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma herbs and medicinal slices. Six batches containing beta-endosulfan,thiosulphate,o,p'-DDD and thrta-cypermethrin were detected,but none of them exceeded the limit of pesticide residues stipulated in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the EU Pharmacopoeia. This study indicates that the established method is rapid,convenient,accurate,and sensitive,which provides a rapid and efficient method for the simultaneous determination of typical organochlorine,organophosphorus and pyrethroids in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.
Drug Contamination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis* ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Glycyrrhiza/chemistry* ; Pesticide Residues/analysis* ; Rhizome ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective To observe the protective effect of schisandrin and deoxyschisandrin on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) in mice and to study its mechanism. Methods Mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal group(0. 5％ carboxymethylcellulose sodium,0. 5％ CMC-Na) ,model group (0. 5％ CMC-Na) ,control group(bicyclol 300mg·kg-1·d-1) , schisandrin group(schisandrin 400 mg·kg-1·d-1) ,and deoxyschisandrin group(deoxyschisandrin 400 mg·kg-1·d-1) ,with 10 mice in each group, intragastrically twice a day for 7 d. One hour after the last administration,except for normal group,the mice of other groups were intraperitoneally injected with 0. 3％ CCl4 peanut oil solution for reproduction of acute liver injury model in mice. The serum and liver tissues of mice of each group were collected. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in liver tissue were measured by biochemical kits. Results The serum levels of ALT in normal group,model group,control group,schisandrin group,and deoxyschisandrin group were (30. 90 ± 3. 14) , (3986. 90 ± 78. 63) , (387. 00 ± 24. 39) , (1914. 70 ± 89. 35) , and(2142. 10 ± 98. 35) U·L-1,respectively; the serum levels of AST in the 5 groups were (191. 50 ± 18. 02) ,(2337. 70 ± 80. 34) ,(978. 10 ± 95. 65) ,(1525. 60 ± 96. 91) ,and (1405. 30 ± 92. 31) U·L-1,respectively; the MDA levels in liver tissue in the 5 groups were (3. 08 ± 0. 18) ,(8. 67 ± 0. 28) ,(5. 13 ± 0. 22) ,(6. 63 ± 0. 28) ,and (6. 18 ± 0. 34) μmol·g-1,respectively; the SOD levels in liver tissue in the 5 groups were (162. 42 ± 4. 03) ,(102. 86 ± 3. 55) ,(148. 78 ± 7. 57) ,(132. 83 ± 6. 42) ,and (138. 21 ± 4. 94) U·mg-1,respectively. Comparison between model group and normal group or between control group, schisandrin group,deoxyschisandrin group and model group, the differences of the factors were significant (all P < 0. 01). Conclusion Schisandrin and deoxyschisandrin have protective effects on acute liver injury induced by CCl4 in mice,and its mechanism is related to anti-oxidation.

Objective To compare the effect of Compound Wurenchun Capsule (CWC) and Wuzhi Capsule (WZC), CWC single and long-term administration on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus (FK506). Methods Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into FK506, CWC + FK506, WZC + FK506 and CWC7d + FK506 groups, with six rats in each group. Rats in FK506, CWC + FK506, and WZC + FK506 groups were given a single gavage with FK506, CWC + FK506, and WZC + FK506 respectively. Rats in CWC7d + FK506 group was given a multiple gavage regimen of daily CWC gavage for 6 d, CWC and FK506 on day 7. Blood sample from orbit before and after gavage at different time points (CWC7d + FK506 group before and after the last administration) were tested for FK506 blood concentration and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Results Compared with FK506 group, peak blood concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC0-t) of FK506 increased significantly (P < 0.05, 0.01), body retention time (MRT0-t) of FK506 prolonged significantly (P < 0.05, 0.01), the apparent volume of distribution (V/F) and the drug elimination rate (CL/F) of FK506 decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in WZC + FK506 and CWC + FK506 groups. Compared with WZC + FK506 group, AUC0-t of FK506 increased significantly (P < 0.01), CL/F of FK506 decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in CWC + FK506 group. Compared with CWC + FK506 group, Cmax of FK506 increased significantly (P < 0.01), time to peak blood concentration (tmax) of FK506 shortened significantly (P < 0.05), AUC0-t of FK506 increased significantly (P < 0.05), CL/F of FK506 decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in CWC7d + FK506 group. Conclusion Both CWC and WZC can increase Cmax and AUC0-t, prolong MRT0-t, reduce V/F and CL/F of FK506. CWC is better than WZC in increasing AUC0-t and inhibiting CL/F of FK506. CWC long-term administration is better than single-dose in improving Cmax, AUC0-t and reducing tmax of FK506.

Objective: To optimize the extract process of anthraquinones from the Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (RRR). Methods: The contents of eight bound anthraquinones (Bas) and five free anthraquinones (Fas), a total of 13 original anthraquinones, and total anthraquinones (Tas) in RRR were determined by HPLC. L9(34) orthogonal table was used, with ethanol concentration, solvent ratio, extract time, and number of extract as factors and extract quantity of Tas, five Fas, and eight Bas as the investigation index, respectively, the extract processes of Tas, Fas, and Bas from RRR were optimized. The optimized processes were verified by magnification test. Results: The optimum extract process of Tas and Fas was as follows: five times of 75% ethanol, extracting five times by reflux, 30 min for each time. Using this process, the extraction rate for both original anthraquinones and Tas was about 90%, and Fas extraction rate was over 160%. The optimum extract process of Bas was as follows: five times of 95% ethanol, extracting three times by reflux, 60 min for each time. Using this process, original anthraquinones extraction rate was close to 90%, and the one of Bas was over 80%. Conclusion: The optimized process is simple, stable, feasible, and repeatable, and can be used for the extraction of Tas, Fas, and Bas from RRR, respectively.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the fingerprint of the serum containing rhubarb bound anthraquinones, and to analyze the drug-originated constituents in serum containing drugs by serum pharmacochemistry. METHODS: Rat serum containing drugs were prepared after intragastric administration of the extract of rhubarb bound anthraquinones. Fingerprints of 10 batches serum containing drugs were determined by HPLC, and the common mode was established. Comparing the chromatogram of serum containing drugs with the one of blank serum, the common peaks of drug-originated constituents in blood were identified. Comparing the retention time and spectrum of the chromatographic peaks of serum containing drugs with the ones of extract, the sources of drug-originated constituents were analyzed. Comparing the retention time and spectrum of the chromatographic peaks of serum containing drugs with the ones of mixed reference substances, some drug-originated constituents were identified. RESULTS: There are 20 common peaks of drug-originated constituents in 10 batches serum containing drugs, 14 of them were in vitro prototype, and the other 6 were metabolites in vivo. Thirteen out of 14 prototype constituents were identified as aloe emodin-8-O-glucopyranoside, rhein-8-O-glucopyranoside, emodin-1-O-glucopyranoside, chrysophanol-1-O-glucopyranoside, chrysophanol-8-O-glucopyranoside, emodin-8-O-glucopyranoside, aloe emodin-3-CH2-O-glucopyranoside, physcion-8-O-glucopyranoside, aloe emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion, respectively. Other 1 prototype constituent and 6 metabolites possessed the same UV absorption character as that of anthraquinones. CONCLUSION: The method established in this study is accurate and feasible, and can be used for the analysis of the drug-originated constituents in serum containing rhubarb bound anthraquinones.

OBJECTIVES: Investigate the influence of benazepril and amlodipine on the expression of secretin (PZ) and somatostatin (SS) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS: Forty-five SHRs (14 weeks old, male) were randomly assigned into 3 groups (=15):SHR group, Benazepril group (which was given benazepril 0.90 mg·kg·d) and Amlodipine group (SHRs were given amlodipine 0.45 mg· kg·d), taking WistarKyoto(WKY) as normal control (=15), meanwhile, rats in SHR group and WKY group were given the same volume of distilled water. After 8 weeks of intervention, the expression of protein and mRNA of PZ in duodenum and SS in sinuses ventriculi was detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay and RT-PCR. RESULTS: After 8 weeks of intervention, compared with the WKY group, the expression of protein and mRNA of PZ in duodenum and SS in sinuses ventriculi was increased significantly in SHR group (<0. 05). Compared with SHR group, the expression of PZ in duodenum and SS in sinuses ventriculi was decreased significantly in Benazepril group and Amlodipine group (<0.05). Compared with Benazepril group, in Amlodipine group the expression of PZ mRNA in duodenum and SS mRNA in sinuses ventriculi was decreased more significantly (<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The regulation disorder of PZ in duodenum and SS in sinuses ventriculi exists in SHR. The antihypertensive effect of benazepril and amlodipine may be realized by regulating the expression of PZ and SS, while the regulation of amlodipine is more obvious than benazepril.
Amlodipine ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; pharmacology ; Benzazepines ; pharmacology ; Blood Pressure ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Inbred WKY ; Secretin ; metabolism ; Somatostatin ; metabolism