Objective To explore the mediating effect of facial emotion recognition on prosocial behavior of medical students in mask-obscured scenes.Methods Fifty-three medical students from a medical university in Chongqing were enrolled from July to September 2023 to complete the facial emotion recognition task,the dictator gaming task and the state empathy test.Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between mask wearing and state empathy,trait empathy and prosocial behaviours,and the PROCESS procedure was used to test the mediation of state empathy and the moderating effect of mask wearing or not.Results ①mask wearing,state empathy and prosocial behaviour were significantly correlated(P＜0.01);② State empathy exerted mediated effect between facial emotion recognition and prosocial behavior,with the largest effect size(47％)for the relative mediating effect of sadness;③The interaction terms of facial emotion recognition and mask wearing had a significant effect on state empathy(P＜0.05).Conclusion Facial emotion recognition can influence prosocial behavior directly and also exert indirect effect on prosocial behavior through state empathy.Compared to the condition without mask wearing,mask wearing can significantly facilitate the effect of happy,sad and neutral emotions on state empathy.

The global COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic has infected over 109 million people, leading to over 2 million deaths up to date and still lacking of effective drugs for patient treatment. Here, we screened about 1.8 million small molecules against the main protease (M^pro) and papain like protease (PL^pro), two major proteases in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 genome, and identified 1851M^pro inhibitors and 205 PL^pro inhibitors with low nmol/l activity of the best hits. Among these inhibitors, eight small molecules showed dual inhibition effects on both M^pro and PL^pro, exhibiting potential as better candidates for COVID-19 treatment. The best inhibitors of each protease were tested in antiviral assay, with over 40% of M^pro inhibitors and over 20% of PL^pro inhibitors showing high potency in viral inhibition with low cytotoxicity. The X-ray crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 M^pro in complex with its potent inhibitor 4a was determined at 1.8 Å resolution. Together with docking assays, our results provide a comprehensive resource for future research on anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug development.
Humans ; Antiviral Agents/chemistry* ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Protease Inhibitors/chemistry* ; SARS-CoV-2/enzymology* ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins

Objective    To evaluate the clinical effects of segmentectomy versus lobectomy under single utility port video-assisted thoracic surgery on inflammatory factors and immune cells in peripheral blood of non-small cell lung cancer patients, and to analyze the effect of changes of postoperative inflammatory factors and immune cells on the prognosis of the patients. Methods    The clinical data of 256 patients who underwent segmentectomy or lobectomy under single utility port video-assisted thoracic surgery for non-small cell lung cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from January 2016 to October 2020 were retrospectively collected. According to the operation method, they were divided into a segmentectomy group (126 patients with 79 males and 47 females at an age of 63.4±6.2 years) and a lobectomy group (130 patients with 91 males and 39 females at an age of 62.9±5.6 years). The change of inflammatory factors (C reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α) and immune cells (CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells and natural killer cells) were recorded and analyzed before operation (T0) and 1 day (T1), 3 days (T2), 7 days (T3), 1 month (T4) after the operation between the two groups. According to postoperative recurrence situations, they were divided into a recurrence group and a non-recurrence group, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the change of postoperative inflammatory factors, immune cells, and the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Results    (1) There was no statistical difference in sex ratio, underlying diseases, body mass index, levels of preoperative inflammatory factors or immune cells between the two groups (all P>0.05). (2) The changes of postoperative inflammatory factors in the segmentectomy group were significantly less than those in the lobectomy group at T1-T3 (all P<0.05), and the changes of postoperative immune cells in the segmentectomy group were significantly less than those in the lobectomy group at T1-T4 (all P<0.05). (3) The changes of postoperative inflammatory factors and immune cells on postoperative day 3 in the recurrence group were significantly more than those in the non-recurrence group (all P<0.05). (4) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the changes of postoperative inflammatory factors and immune cells on postoperative day 3 may be the risk factors for postoperative recurrence and metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (all P<0.05). Conclusion    Single utility port video-assisted thoracic surgery segmentectomy for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer can reduce the inflammatory response and protect body's immune function, and the change of postoperative inflammatory factors and immune cells in postoperative day 3 may be the risk factors for postoperative recurrence and metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the etiologic agent for the COVID-19 outbreak. Currently, effective treatment options remain very limited for this disease; therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new anti-COVID-19 agents. In this study, we screened over 6,000 compounds that included approved drugs, drug candidates in clinical trials, and pharmacologically active compounds to identify leads that target the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro). Together with main protease (M
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; Binding Sites ; COVID-19/virology* ; Coronavirus Papain-Like Proteases/metabolism* ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Repositioning ; High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods* ; Humans ; Imidazoles/therapeutic use* ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Naphthoquinones/therapeutic use* ; Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification* ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification*

Objective: To investigate the interventional effects of BAY11-7082 on lung inflammatory response at the early stage and acute lung injury of rats with severe burns. Methods: (1) Experiment 1. Twelve Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into control (C) group and burn (B) group according to the random number table, with 3 rats in group C and 9 rats in group B. Rats in group C did not receive any special treatment. Rats in group B were inflicted with 30% total body surface area full-thickness burn on the back. Immediately after injury, rats in group B were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline in the dosage of 50 mL/kg. Abdominal aorta blood and lung tissue samples were collected from three rats in group B at post injury hour (PIH) 12, 24, and 48, respectively. The interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and the IL-18 content of serum were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA expressions of IL-1β and IL-18 in lung tissue were determined with real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Sample collection and determination in rats of group C were performed as above. (2) Experiment 2. Eighteen SD rats were divided into control (C) group, simple burn (SB) group, and BAY11-7082 intervention (BI) group according to the random number table, with 6 rats in each group. Rats in group C did not receive any special treatment. Rats in groups SB and BI were inflicted with injury as in experiment 1. Immediately after injury, rats in group SB were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline in the dosage of 50 mL/kg, and those in group BI with 8 mg/mL (final mass concentration) BAY11-7082 solution in the dosage of 50 mL/kg. Lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of rats with burns were collected at the optimal observation time point concluded from experiment 1. The morphology of lung tissue was observed with hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the pathological damage of lung tissue was graded. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) content of lung tissue and the total protein content of BALF were detected by microplate reader. The protein expressions of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor-3 (NLRP3) and cysteine-aspartic proteases 1 (caspase-1) in lung tissue were determined with Western-blotting. The mRNA expressions of IL-1β, IL-18, NLRP3, and caspase-1 in lung tissue were determined with real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. Sample collection and determination in rats of group C were performed as above. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and LSD-t test. Results: (1) The IL-1β and IL-18 content of serum in rats of group B at PIH 12, 24, and 48 were significantly higher than those of group C (t=10.55, 22.05, 12.47, 10.60, 15.22, 11.94, P<0.01). The mRNA expressions of IL-1β and IL-18 in rats of group B at PIH 12, 24, and 48 were significantly higher than those of group C (t=3.62, 7.19, 5.28, 3.20, 12.62, 7.31, P<0.05 or P<0.01). PIH 24 was the optimal observation time point for the following experiment. (2) At PIH 24, compared with those in group SB, the inflammatory cell infiltration and erythrocyte exudates of alveolar in group BI were obviously reduced, and the pulmonary interstitial edema obviously subsided. The pathological damage score of lung tissue in rats of group SB was (9.00±1.00) points, significantly higher than (1.10±0.26) points of group C (t=13.23, P<0.01). The pathological damage score of lung tissue in rats of group BI was (4.93±0.70) points, which was significantly lower than that of group SB (t=5.76, P<0.01) but still significantly higher than that of group C (t=8.84, P<0.01). At PIH 24, the MPO content of lung tissue and the total protein content of BALF in rats of group SB were (1.83±0.15) U/mg and (1.39±0.20) mg/mL, respectively, significantly higher than (0.51±0.10) U/mg and (0.44±0.05) mg/mL of group C (t=12.50, 7.86, P<0.01). The MPO content of lung tissue and the total protein content of BALF in rats of group BI were (0.91±0.12) U/mg and (0.60±0.10) mg/mL, respectively, significantly lower than those of group SB (t=8.36, 6.06, P<0.01). At PIH 24, the protein expressions of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in lung tissue of rats of group SB were 3.10±0.09 and 2.99±0.30, respectively, significantly higher than 1.00 and 1.00 of group C (t=9.06, 11.28, P<0.01). The protein expressions of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in lung tissue of rats of group BI were 1.13±0.08 and 1.81±0.11, respectively, significantly lower than those of group SB (t=7.24, 3.91, P<0.05 or P<0.01). At PIH 24, the mRNA expressions of IL-1β, IL-18, NLRP3, and caspase-1 in lung tissue of rats in group SB were 5.0±0.4, 3.32±0.21, 3.54±0.42, and 6.3±1.0, respectively, significantly higher than 1.0, 1.00, 1.00, and 1.0 of group C (t=13.97, 14.14, 11.78, 7.13, P<0.01). The mRNA expressions of IL-1β, IL-18, NLRP3, and caspase-1 in lung tissue of rats in group BI were 2.6±0.5, 2.00±0.28, 1.39±0.21, and 2.5±0.5, respectively, significantly lower than those of group SB (t=7.11, 5.80, 9.99, 4.65, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions Applying BAY11-7082 at the early stage of acute lung injury of rats with severe burn can reduce the expression of caspase-1, decrease the levels of IL-1β and IL-18, and decrease the MPO content of lung tissue and the total protein content of BALF through inhibiting NLRP3, thus alleviating the lung inflammatory response and lung injury.

Objective To establish a monkey model of muscle atrophy by fixing the right lower limb and set up e-valuation criteria for that model. Methods Twelve healthy,6-7 year old male cynomolgus monkeys(body weight 6-7 kg)were used in this study. All animals were normal and had no malformed lower limb bones. Right lower limbs of the an-imals were fixed with fiberglass bandage(from knee joint to anklebone)for 15 weeks. Body weight,crus perimeter and crus volume were recorded every two weeks. MRI examinations of the gastrocnemius muscle were conducted at weeks 11,13 and 15. Muscle biopsy was taken for pathological examination at week 15. Results There were no obvious changes of body weight during the experiment. At 15 weeks after modeling,the right crus perimeter and crus volume of the experimental an-imals were significantly decreased(P <0.05),and some biochemical indexes such as serum creatinine,gloucose and al-kaline phosphatase were significantly decreased(P <0.05), while cholesterol was significantly increased(P <0.05).MRI showed atrophy of the right gastrocnemius muscle. Muscle biopsy also showed muscle atrophy and muscle fibers be-came thinner in the right gastrocnemius,and the cross-section area of the muscle fibers was significantly decreased. Con?clusions It is easy to operate and establish a muscle atrophy model in Cynomolgus monkeys by fixing the right lower limb. This model is suitable for objective and easy evaluation of muscle atrophy by measurement of crus perimeter and crus volume of the limb,blood biochemical parameters,MRI examination,and histopathological examination in combination.

Background:Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has been widely used in treatment of achalasia,and the efficacy is satisfactory.However,POEM is associated with high level of technical difficulty and high incidence of complications.Aims:To investigate the efficacy and safety of Flush knife and SB knife in POEM for treatment of achalasia.Methods:A total of 111 achalasia patients who had undergone POEM from April 2013 to April 2017 at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were enrolled,and were divided into Flush knife group,SB knife group and Dual knife group.Procedure-related parameters,complications,and follow-up data were compared among the three groups.Results:All the 111 patients underwent POEM successfully.The mean procedure time,mean frequency of hemostasis and mean frequency of device exchange were significant different among Flush knife group,SB knife group and Dual knife group (P all ＜ 0.05).Further comparisons showed that the above-mentioned procedure-related indices were significantly lower in Flush knife group and SB knife group than in Dual knife group (P all ＜ 0.05).The incidence of complications was significant different among the three groups (P =0.005).Further comparisons showed that incidence of complications was significantly lower in SB knife group than in Dual knife group (P =0.011),however,no significant difference was found between Flush knife group and Dual knife group (P =0.056).No significant difference in surgery success rate was found among the three groups (P ＞0.05).Conclusions:Flush knife and SB knife in POEM can shorten the procedure time and achieve similar success rate when compared with conventional Dual knife.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) in the treatment of old unstable osteoporotic vertebral fracture.Methods Twenty cases of old unstable osteoporotic single vertebral body fracture were divided into the stable group and unstable group according to the imaging results,10 cases in each group.PVP was performed in all 20 cases.The VAS scores of waist bending activity at preoperative 30 min,postoperative 6 h,3,30 d were observed.The changes of anterior edge height of spinal body in the injured vertebral segment of erect position and horizontal position were compared before and after operation.Results The VAS score of waist bending at preoperative 30 min had statistical difference between the two groups (P＜0.05).Compared with at preoperative 30 min,the VAS scores at postoperative observation points in the two groups were significantly decreased with statistical difference (P＜0.05).The VAS scores at postoperative 6 h,3,30 d had no statistical difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).The changes of posterior edge height of spinal body in the stable groups had no statistical difference before and after operation (P＞0.05);the anterior edge height of spinal body after treatment in the unstable group were significantly changed compared with before operation,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Preoperative pain in the patients with unstable osteoporotic vertebral fracture is more obvious than that in the patients with stable osteoporotic vertebral fracture.But all have similar effect after PVP therapy;the postoperative height in unstable osteoporotic vertebral fracture can obtain a certain recovery after PVP.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of blue laser imaging( BLI) combined with magnifying endoscopy for precancerous lesions and early gastric cancers. Methods From September 2015 to May 2016, a total of 249 gastric lesions detected with conventional white light endoscopy ( WLE) on the basis of the assessment of mucosal shape and color were enrolled in this study. The pathological results were used as golden standard,and diagnostic accuracy rates of precancerous lesions or early cancers by white light magnification alone,BLI?contrast magnification and BLI?bright magnifier were determined according to the VS criteria. The concordance between endoscopic diagnosis and pathological diagnosis was evaluated through the agreement ( Kappa ) test, and diagnostic value was compared with McNemar paired Chi?square test. Results Pathological examination showed chronic gastritis in 149 lesions, intestinal metaplasia in 67, low grade intra?epithelial neoplasia in 8, and high grade intra?epithelial neoplasia or early cancer in 25. The concordance rates of lesions were 76?7% for white light magnification alone, 85?1% for BLI?contrast magnification, and 86?7% for BLI?bright magnification. Kappa values were 0?571, 0?730, and 0?760 respectively. For the screening of high grade intra?epithelial neoplasia or early cancer, the diagnostic sensitivities were 72?0%, 92?0%, and 92?0%, respectively, the specificities were 95?5%, 98?2%, and 99?1%,the consistencies were 93?2%,97?6%,98?4%,and the Kappa values were 0?642,0?871,and 0?911. In contrast to white light magnification alone,the concordance between endoscopic diagnosis and pathological diagnosis of BLI?contrast magnification and BLI?bright magnification was significantly higher(P<0?05).And in the diagnosis of high?grade intraepithelial neoplasia or early gastric cancer,the concordance between endoscopic diagnosis and pathological diagnosis of BLI?contrast magnification and BLI?bright magnification was higher than that of white light magnification alone( P<0?05) . Conclusion BLI combined with magnifying endoscopy may improve the diagnostic accuracy of early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions.