The congenital heart disease with decreased pulmonary blood flow is one type of congenital heart disease characterized by reduced pulmonary blood flow. Common clinical types include tetralogy of Fallot，pulmonary atresia，double outlet right ventricle，and other complex malformations associated with pulmonary artery stenosis. Due to the lack of pulmonary blood supply from the right ventricle，children with this condition often have major aortopulmonary collateral arteries（MAPCAs）or the ductus arteriosus participating in pulmonary circulation for blood supply. Research has revealed that MAPCAs are important factors which cause the increase of mechanical ventilation time，intensive care unit stay time，complication rate and mortality after radical surgical treatment of congenital heart disease with decreased pulmonary blood flow. Therefore，the treatment of MAPCAs in perioperative period is crucial. This article summarizes the research progress of MAPCAs distribution and influence，diagnosis and evaluation，and treatment methods，to provide the reference for clinicians to standardize MAPCAs treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of Shenxiong glucose injection on platelet reactivity during aspirin treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods A total of 263 patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to 12 hospitals from January 2014 to December 2016 were enrolled prospectively.They were randomly divided into aspirin group and aspirin + Shenxiong glucose injection group.The changes of platelet maximum aggregation rate induced by 4 platelet aggregating agents (arachidonic acid,adenosine diphosphate,collagen and platelet activating factor) were detected before and after the treatment.Results There were no significant differences in the demographic data and baseline clinical characteristics between the aspirin group (n =132) and the Shenxiong glucose injection + aspirin group (n =131).At baseline,the maximum aggregation rate of platelet induced by arachidonic acid and platelet activating factor in Shenxiong glucose injection + aspirin group was significantly higher than that in the aspirin group (all P ＜0.05).On the 6th day after treatment,the maximum aggregation rate of platelets induced by the 4 aggregating agents in the Shenxiong glucose injection + aspirin group was significantly lower than that in the aspirin group (all P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Shenxiong glucose injection had a significant inhibitory effect on platelet reactivity during aspkin treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Colistin is a kind of old cationic drug,which can interfere bacterial cell membrane,thus to cause bacterial death.It is mainly used for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria,and its antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is also very significant.At present,colistin is widely used in veterinary medicine.This article aims to review colistin in chemical,pharmacological,and pharmacokinetic studies,and also summarizes the application and resistance of this drug,which will provide reference for the reasonable selection and use of this drug in animals.

Objective To compare the setup errors of two position fixation, head-neck-shoulders immobilization system and trunk immobilization system in radiotherapy for esophageal cancer, and to provide technical guidance for the fixed modes and determination of plan target volume (PTV) in the intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) of esophageal cancer. Methods 97 thoracic esophageal cancer patients treated with radiotherapy were collected and divided into two groups: head-neck-shoulders group (51 patients immobilized with head-neck-shoulders immobilization system) and trunk group (the other 46 patients immobilized with trunk immobilization system). Before the weekly radiotherapy, all the patients received cone-beam CT (CBCT) scan to get the setup errors of X axis (left and right), Y axis (head and foot) and Z axis (front and back) on line. Results In the head-neck-shoulders group, the errors in X, Y and Z direction were (0.333 ±0.400) cm, (0.333 ±0.291) cm and (0.238 ±0.256) cm, respectively. In trunk group, the errors were (0.327±0.255) cm, (0.582±0.501) cm and (0.189±0.154) cm, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the setup errors in Y axis and Z axis between the head-neck-shoulders group and the trunk group (P< 0.05). Conclusions In the radiotherapy for thoracic esophageal carcinoma, there is no difference in the X axis setup error between head-neck-shoulders system and trunk immobilization system. The Y axis setup error of head-neck-shoulders group is less than that of the trunk group. The Z axis setup error of trunk group is less than the head-neck-shoulders group.

Autoimmune lymphoproliferactive syndrome is a rare group disorders associated with self stability and immune tolerance of lymphocyte due to genetic mutation which affects the lymphocyte apoptosis .The clinical manifestations comprise lymphoproliferation, development of autoimmunity and malignancies.The pathogenesis and clinical features are complex ALPS were easily missed and no case had been reported until now in China.