Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disabling and destructive central nervous system injury that has not yet been successfully treated at this stage. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has become a promising method to produce more biologically complex microstructures, which fabricate living neural constructs with anatomically accurate complex geometries and spatial distributions of neural stem cells, and this is critical in the treatment of SCI. With the development of 3D printing technology and the deepening of research, neural tissue engineering research using different printing methods, bio-inks, and cells to repair SCI has achieved certain results. Although satisfactory results have not yet been achieved, they have provided novel ideas for the clinical treatment of SCI. Considering the potential impact of 3D bioprinting technology on neural studies, this review focuses on 3D bioprinting methods widely used in SCI neural tissue engineering, and the latest technological applications of bioprinting of nerve tissues for the repair of SCI are discussed. In addition to introducing the recent progress, this work also describes the existing limitations and highlights emerging possibilities and future prospects in this field.

Tuber rot has become a serious problem in the large-scale cultivation of Gastrodia elata. In this study, we compared the resistance of different ecotypes of G. elata to tuber rot by field experiments on the basis of the investigation of G. elata diseases. The histological observation and transcriptome analysis were conducted to reveal the resistance differences and the underlying mechanisms among different ecotypes. In the field, G. elata f. glauca had the highest incidence of tuber rot, followed by G. elata f. viridis, and G. elata f. elata and G. elata f. glauca×G. elata f. elata showed the lowest incidence. Tuber rot showcased obvious plant source specificity and mainly occurred in the buds and bottom of G. elata plants. After infection, the pathogen spread hyphae in host cortex cells, which can change the endophytic fungal community structure in the cortex and parenchyma of G. elata. G. elata f. glauca had thinner lytic layer and more sugar lumps in the parenchyma than G. elata f. elata. The transcription of genes involved in immune defense, enzyme synthesis, polysaccharide synthesis, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, hydroxylase activity, and aromatic compound synthesis had significant differences between G. elata f. glauca and G. elata f. elata. These findings suggested that the differences in resis-tance to tuber rot among different ecotypes of G. elata may be related to the varied gene expression patterns and secondary metabolites. This study provides basic data for the prevention and control of tuber rot and the improvement of planting technology for G. elata.
Ecotype ; Gastrodia/microbiology* ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Plant Tubers/genetics*

Objective:To investigate the construction and application of telemedicine system in Tibet Autonomous Region.Methods:From June to July 2020, medical institutions at all levels in Tibet Autonomous Region were visited. Relevant information was collected through discussion, questionnaires and field visits, and the data of effective questionnaires were statistically analyzed.Results:A total of 125 medical institutions were visited, covering 7 regions of Tibet Autonomous Region, of which 74 medical institutions were able to realize audio-video two-way communication with the telemedicine platform of the PLA General Hospital. Seventy-three valid questionnaires were collected, and 64(88%)hospitals had software or hardware audio and video terminals. Twenty-five hospitals had never carried out remote consultation, accounting for 34%. The annual remote consultation amount of 35 hospitals was less than 10 cases, and that of 11 hospitals was 11-100 cases. Only 2 hospitals had carried out remote ECG and remote ultrasound diagnosis, with an annual consultation volume of more than 100 cases.Conclusions:The hospitals at or above the county level in Tibet Autonomous Region have established telemedicine system, but there are few remote services, the system idle rate is high, and the distance education resources are not matched.

Objective To explore the role and mechanism of HMGB1 in the fatty acid metabolism reprogramming and mitochondrial fusion/fission of hypoxic and nutrient-poor pancreatic cancer cells. Methods The correlation between the expression level of HMGB1 in pancreatic cancer tissue and the survival rate of pancreatic cancer patients were analyzed by GEPIA database. CCK-8 assay was used to measure cell proliferation rate, and scratch test and Transwell chamber method were carried out to detect the effects of endogenous HMGB1 on the invasion and migration abilities of human pancreatic cancer cell line Patu8988 after hypoxic and nutrient-poor treatment. Laser confocal microscope was used to observe the changes of mitochondrial morphology of Patu8988 cells. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of mitochondrial fusion/fission and de novo fatty acid synthesis-related proteins. Results GEPIA database analysis results showed that HMGB1 was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues (P < 0.01), and the expression level was negatively correlated with the survival time of pancreatic cancer patients (P=0.00097). Knockdown of HMGB1 expression could inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration abilities of Patu8988 cells under hypoxic and nutrient-poor conditions. However, mitochondrial fission in patu8988 cells was increased. Knockdown of HMGB1 in Patu8988 cells increased the expression of fission-related protein FIS1 while decreased the expression of p-DRP1(Ser637) and fusion-related protein MFN1 and MFN2 in hypoxic and nutrient-poor environment; ACLY, p-ACLY and FASN protein expression levels were down-regulated. Conclusion Endogenous HMGB1 can promote the fusion and inhibit the fission of mitochondria in hypoxic and nutrient-poor Patu8988 cells, maintain mitochondrial morphology and function, and thereby up-regulate ACLY protein expression and phosphorylation level, promote FA synthesis, and maintain the proliferation, invasion and migration abilities of pancreatic cancer cells.

Apoptosis ; HIV Infections ; HIV-1 ; Humans

Objective:To investigate the concentration of soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1(sLRP-1) and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted(RANTES) in the plasma of patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS) and the correlation with the severity of coronary artery disease, and to explore its clinical significance.Methods:From January 2019 to July 2019, 250 patients in the Department of Cardiology of the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College were selected for prospective study, including 158 patients with ACS, 42 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) and 50 patients in the control group.ACS patients included 92 patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) and 66 patients with unstable angina pectoris(UAP). The degree of coronary artery lesions was evaluated according to the Gensini score.The patients in the control group were excluded from coronary atherosclerosis by coronary angiography at the same time.The concentrations of sLRP-1 and RANTES in plasma were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results:The plasma levels of lg sLRP-1 and RANTES in AMI group ((0.69±0.20) mg/L and(125.17±34.87 )ng/L) and UAP group ((0.62±0.19) mg/L and(118.51±21.46 ) ng/L) were higher than SAP group ((0.42±0.16) mg/L and(99.56±21.46)ng/L) and control group ((0.27±0.08) mg/L and (98.39±19.37)ng/L)(all P<0.05), while lg sLRP-1 and RNATES levels were not significantly different between AMI group and UAP group, SAP group and control group(all P>0.05). The levels of lg sLRP-1 and RANTES in patients with ACS decreased after PCI treatment(all P<0.05). Plasma lg sLRP-1 and RANTES levels were not correlated with Gensini scores in ACS patients(all P>0.05). Conclusion:SLRP-1 and RANTES are involved in the progression of ACS, and there is a certain correlation between them.Myocardial perfusion therapy improves the inflammatory response of coronary artery.

In this paper, we aim to control and evaluate the quality of Liuwei Dihuang Concentrated Pill by using the model of fingerprint technique and "component structure" theory. Agilent 5 TC-C_(18) column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) was used, with 0.1% formic acid solution-acetonitrile as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min~(-1). The column temperature was 30 ℃, with detection wavelength of 242 nm and the sample volume of 10 μL. The characteristic fingerprint of Liuwei Dihuang Concentrated Pill was established by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) for its quality control. Seventeen common peaks were identified, and the similarity was 0.550-0.997 in 29 batches of samples, indicating that the quality difference among batches of Liuwei Dihuang Concentrated Pills was significant. The structural characteristics of the Moutan Cortex components in Liuwei Dihuang Concentrated Pills were characterized. On this basis, combined with the structural characteristics of genuine components of Moutan Cortex, the structural characteristics of components in Liuwei Dihuang Concentrated Pills were further analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in the contents and quantity ratios of 9 representative components(components) of Moutan Cortex in Liuwei Dihuang Concentrated Pills from different manufacturers, indicating internal quality differences among different batches of products. The fingerprint technique and the "component structure" theory established by the above research provide an analytical method and a research foundation for the quality evaluation of Liuwei Dihuang Concentrated Pills.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Quality Control

Guided by the theory of "component structure", we analyzed the structural characteristics of pharmacodynamical components in genuine Moutan Cortex. The compositions of organic small molecules were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) for 20 batches of genuine Moutan Cortex and 12 batches of non-genuine Moutan Cortex. By means of similarity analysis, clustering analysis(CA), principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA), the elements in structural characteristics of the pharmacodynamical components were extracted as follows: terpene glycosides components(oxidized paeoniflorin, paeoniflorin,galloyl paeoniflorin, benzoyloxy paeoniflorinand benzoyl paeoniflorin), tannin components(1,3,6-tri-O-galloside acyl glucose, pentagalloyl glucose), and phenolic acid components(methyl gallate, paeonol). The contents and quantity ratios of terpene glycoside component, tannin component and phenolic acid components in genuine Moutan Cortex were determined as 14.1, 12.5, 21.7 mg·g~(-1), 1.00∶0.89∶1.54. The contents and quantity ratios of the oxidized paeoniflorin, paeoniflorin and benzoylpaeoniflorin in the terpene glycoside components were characteristic and determined as 2.05, 7.05, 3.30 mg·g~(-1), 1.00∶3.44∶1.61. The unique structural characteristics of genuine Moutan Cortex provide scientific basis for the formulation of quality standards.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Paeonia ; Principal Component Analysis

Objective To study the clinical effect of endotracheal stent implantation for treatment of congenital tracheal obstruction due to preoperative airway stenosis and postoperative dislocation difficulty .Methods 23 children with congenital heart disease complicated with severe tracheal stenosis were treated in our hospital from March 2015 to December 2017.The op-eration of congenital heart disease and airway stenting were performed .The preoperative diagnosis of the children was based on the bronchoscopy and CT airway reconstruction, and the patients were followed up for 1 to 24 months after the hospital was dis-charged.And every 1 to 3 month, the hospital was assessed by FFB.Results 20 children had good growth and development, and 21 of the 23 cases were removed by tracheal intubation to NCPAP within 1 weeks after the stent implantation , and they were transferred to the general ward within 2 weeks after the operation, and the hospital was discharged within 4 weeks after the oper-ation.1 children were discharged from hospital in 4 month after the operation ,because of severe lung infection.In 1 cases, the airway was blocked by recurrent granulation tissue and necrotic epithelium, the treatment was abandoned.22 cases of children were followed up by FFB.The stent was well epithelialization.13 out of 23 cases were successfully removed.Conclusion Tracheal intubation can not be performed in children with congenital heart disease due to airway stenosis before operation .After operation,with uncontrolled pulmonary infection and atelectasis, the children often failed to removing intubation.By FFB, the airway stent of implantation and removal are one of the effective treatment methods .However, there are still many complications and need to be strictly controlled .

Background: Our previous studies have shown that regulatory factor X5 (RFX5), a classical transcription regulator of MHCII genes, was obviously overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors. However, the role of RFX5 in the carcinogenesis and progress of HCC remains unknown. This study aimed to reveal its biological significance and the underlying mechanism in HCC. Methods: RFX5 mRNA expression level and copy number variation in HCC tumors and cell lines were determined by analyzing deposited data sets in the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus database. The biological significance of RFX5 in HCC was investigated by monitoring the colony formation and subcutaneous tumor growth capacity when RFX5 was silenced with lentiviral short hairpin RNA and CRISPR/Cas9 system in HCC cell lines. The downstream gene transcriptionally activated by RFX5 in HCC cells was determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay. The involvement of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein theta (YWHAQ) in HCC development was further determined by performing colony formation rescue assay and subcutaneous tumor growth rescue experiment. The association of YWHAQ with recurrence-free survival of patients with HCC was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Moreover, apoptosis level and the protein level of p53 pathway were determined to reveal the mechanism of RFX5 in driving HCC development. Results: RFX5 was amplified and highly overexpressed in HCC tumor tissues compared with the corresponding non-tumor tissues. The mRNA expression level of RFX5 was significantly correlated with its DNA copy number (r = 0.4, P < 0.001). Functional study demonstrated that RFX5 was required for both clonogenic forming in vitro and subcutaneous tumor growth in vivo of HCC cells. Further study identified YWHAQ, namely 14-3-3 tau, as a key downstream transcriptional target gene of RFX5, which was tightly regulated by RFX5 in HCC. Moreover, overexpression of YWHAQ largely rescued the clonogenic growth of HCC cells that was suppressed by RFX5 knockdown. In addition, overexpression of YWHAQ in primary tumor was linked to poor prognosis of patients with HCC. These results demonstrated that YWHAQ was a downstream effector of RFX5 in HCC. Notably, RFX5-YWHAQ pathway could protect cells from apoptosis by suppressing the p53 and Bax in HCC. Conclusion RFX5 is a putative HCC driver gene that plays an important role in the development and progression of HCC by transactivating YWHAQ and suppressing apoptosis.