Based on the discussion of "eight weak areas" in The Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor （《黄帝内经》）， combined with the typical rash manifestations of atopic dermatitis， it is believed that atopic dermatitis is mostly deficiency-excess complex， and that pathogens intruding eight weak areas are the core of its pathogenesis. The external cause is exterior deficiencies， with heat， wind， dampness and other pathogenic qi attacking. The heart， lungs， kidneys out of balance， and excess pathogen are the internal cause， in which fire constraint and excessive heat are the basis of the disease， the wind invading leads to the progress of the changes， dampness obstructing channels and colla-terals make the condition persistent. Internal and external pathogens combination and retention result to the course of the disease lingering and difficult to cure. The internal treatment is to regulate zang-fu organs， and the formula could use self-prescribed modified Qingrun Tongluo Decoction （清润通络汤）， clearing heart and reducing fire in order to clear the heat and cool the blood， moistening lungs and generating metal to consolidate the exterior and dispel the wind， and nourishing kidneys and draining water to dispel the dampness and activate the collaterals. The external treatment applies maceration， fire acupuncture， wrapping to dredge the eight weak areas and regulate qi and blood in channel， so as to expel pathogens.

Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research results is a major challenge. Transparent and accurate reporting of the research process enables readers to evaluate the reliability of the research results and further explore the experiment by repeating it or building upon its findings. The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, released in 2019 by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), provide a checklist that is applicable to any in vivo animal research report. These guidelines aim to improve the standardization of experimental design, implementation, and reporting, as well as enhance the reliability, repeatability, and clinical translation of animal experimental results. The use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines not only enriches the details of animal experimental research reports, ensuring that information on animal experimental results is fully evaluated and utilized, but also enables readers to understand the content expressed by the author accurately and clearly, promoting the transparency and completeness of the fundamental research review process. At present, the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines have been widely adopted by international biomedical journals. This article is based on the best practices following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international journals, and it interprets, explains, and elaborates in Chinese the fifth part of the comprehensive version of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines published in PLoS Biology in 2020 (the original text can be found at https://arriveguidelines.org). This section includes the items 6-11 of Recommended 11 section, covering "Animal Care and Monitoring", "Interpretation/Scientific Implications", "Generalisability/Translation", "Protocol Registration", "Data Access" and "Declaration of Interests". Its aim is to promote a comprehensive understanding and use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines among domestic researchers, to enhance the standardization of experimental animal research and reporting, and to promote high-quality development of experimental animal sciences and comparative medicine research in China.

Recent studies have found that chondrocytes not only represent the cells targeted by rheumatoid ar-thritis(RA)but may also themselves induce the disease.This dual role indicates the significance of chondrocytes in the pathology of RA.This article summarizes the important roles played by chondrocytes in RA,providing a reference for the pathogenesis and treatment of RA.

With the population ageing, the number of elderly with noncommunicable diseases and functional disabilities is increasing. The assistive technology can improve the ability of older adults for daily living activities and reduce dependence on caregivers to facilitate home-based care for the elderly. However, the provision of assistive technology service in China is still in the early stage and lacks implementable model. This article introduces international experiences on the delivery of assistive technology service, and discusses the status quo and problems of assistive technology service in China, to provide insights for promoting assistive technology service in the primary health care.

Objective:To explore the effect of patient engagement on medication safety for patients with chronic disease through a systematic review.Methods:Relevant randomized controlled trials of patient engagement on medication safety were searched from PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP database. The literature was screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data extraction and literature quality evaluation was conducted on the selected literature.Results:A total of 15 eligible studies was included. Most of the studies occurred in outpatient and home settings, and the subjects were patients with chronic diseases. Patient engagement strategies can be divided into three categories: (1) patient engagement in medical decision-making; (2) patient engagement in medication adjustment; (3) patient engagement in medication management. The outcomes of medication safety included medication adherence, medication knowledge, medication beliefs, adverse events and medication errors. Intervention strategies for patients to actively engage in medication safety significantly improved patients′ medication knowledge and beliefs, but did not improve medication adherence of patients.Conclusion:Promoting patient active engagement is an effective intervention measure to improve patients ′ perception of medication safety. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusions.

Objective:To investigate the safety of tirofiban in patients with anterior circulation acute large vessel occlusion cerebral infarction during bridging endovascular treatment (EVT) after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT).Methods:Two hundred and three patients received bridging EVT after IVT in Department of Intervention, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2017 to January 2022 were chosen. Patients were divided into tirofiban group ( n=80) and non-tirofiban group ( n=123) according to whether or not tirofiban was used during EVT, and then patients from tirofiban group were subdivided into stent implantation group ( n=52) and non-stent implantation group ( n=28) according to whether or not emergency stent implantation was performed. The clinical data, safety indexes (intracranial hemorrhage [ICH] rate 24 h, 2-3 d, and 90 d after EVT, new ICH incidence 3-90 d after EVT, fatal ICH rate, and mortality 90 d after EVT), and prognoses 90 d after EVT were compared. Results:(1) Compared with the non-tirofiban group, the tirofiban group had significantly higher proportions of males, and patients with tandem occlusion, balloon dilation or stent implantation, and statistically lower proportion of patients with atrial fibrillation, significantly longer surgical time, and significantly different distribution of stroke types ( P<0.05). No significant differences were noted in ICH incidences 24 h after EVT, 2-3 d after EVT and 90 d after EVT, fatal ICH incidence, mortality incidence 90 d after EVT, or good prognosis rate 90 d after surgery between tirofiban group and non-tirofiban group ( P>0.05). (2) Patients in the stent implantation group had significantly higher percentages of tandem occlusion and balloon dilation compared with those in the non-stent implantation group ( P<0.05). No significant difference was noted in good prognosis rate 90 d after EVT or new ICH incidence 3-90 d after EVT between the stent implantation group and the non-stent implantation group ( P>0.05). Compared with the non-stent implantation group, the stent implantation group had statistically higher ICH incidences 24 h after EVT, 2-3 d after EVT, and 90 d after EVT, significantly higher fatal ICH incidence and mortality 90 d after EVT ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Tirofiban is safe in patients with anterior circulation acute large vessel occlusion cerebral infarction during EVT after IVT; however, if emergency stent implantation is performed, it will lead to increased intracranial hemorrhage and mortality.

ObjectiveEstablish an animal model of preeclampsia in goats, collect data on various physiological indicators and maternal biological characteristics of the disease model to compare with clinical feature of the disease in humans, provide reference for the prevention and treatment of preeclampsia in humans.Methods Twenty-three goats bred in Chongming district were divided into three groups: Control group, no surgical procedure was performed on animals of this group; sham group, ewes in this group underwent the sham operation on the 100±5th day of gestation, and only the uterine artery was exposed and dissociated; surgical group, a silver vascular clamp was clipped on one side of the uterine body artery of the ewe to narrow the inner diameter of the artery at the same gestation period (100±5) days. Heart rate and hindlimb blood pressure were continuously monitored in control and surgical ewes from 100 to 140 d of gestation, and blood flow data within the lateral branches of the uterine arteries of ewes in the sham group were collected using a hemodynamometer in combination with a hemodynamic probe and an animal physiological signal collector, as well as changes in blood flow within the uterine arteries in the lateral branches of the uterine arteries of the surgical group before and after placement of vascular clips in the surgical ewes. At the expected date of delivery, jugular vein blood was taken from ewes for routine blood test, creatinine, urea nitrogen, and blood ion analysis; urine was also collected from ewes in each group for analysis of urinary protein and urinary creatinine. All experimental groups were subjected to cesarean section on the 140±5th day of gestation in ewes, and then liver, kidney, uterus and placenta tissues were taken from ewes in each group and stained with HE for pathological observation. Results After 15 minutes of preeclampsia modeling surgery, blood flow volume remained stable in the vessel stenosis segment and the volume differential was relatively reduced in comparison to the control group and sham group (P＜0.05，P＜0.01). Compared with the control group, the ewes in the surgical group showed prenatal changes such as increased serum osmolality, decreased hemoglobin, increased blood glucose and urea nitrogen values, as well as increased levels of calcium, sodium, and chloride ions (all P<0.05) and proteinuria, with urinary creatinine and urinary protein-creatinine ratios were significantly higher than those in the control group and sham group (all P<0.05). The elastic lamina of the uterine body arteries on the operated side of the animals in the surgical group was thicker than that on the opposite side, but the structure was loose. The placenta on the operated side showed pathological changes such as cell interstitial swelling and inflammatory cell infiltration. The above physiological index characteristics were more consistent with the clinical features of human preeclampsia disease.Conclusion In this experiment, we successfully constructed a goat preeclampsia model and obtained data on relevant physiological indexes of this model, which further verified the correlation between preeclampsia disease and uterine artery lesions.

Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research results is a major challenge. Researchers reporting their research process transparently and accurately can help readers evaluate the reliability of the research results and further explore the experiment by repeating it or building upon its findings. The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, released in 2019 by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), provide a checklist applicable to any in vivo animal research report. These guidelines aim to improve the standardization of experimental design, implementation, and reporting, as well as the reliability, repeatability, and clinical translatability of animal experimental results. The use of ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines not only enriches the details of animal experimental research reports, ensuring that information on animal experimental results is fully evaluated and utilized, but also enables readers to understand the content expressed by the author accurately and clearly, promoting the transparency and integrity of the fundamental research review process. At present, the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines have been widely adopted by international biomedical journals. this article is a Chinese translation based on the best practices of international journals following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international journals, specifically for the complete interpretation of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines published in the PLoS Biology journal in 2020 (original text can be found at https://arriveguidelines.org). The first part of the article includes the preface and the "Key 10" section, which covers "study design" "sample size" and "inclusion and exclusion criteria". Its aim is to promote the full understanding and use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines by domestic researchers, enhance the standardization of experimental animal research and reporting, and promote the high-quality development of experimental animal technology and comparative medicine research in China.

【Objective】 To explore the incidence rate and characteristics of hepatitis-C virus (HCV) infection in heroin addicts with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Xi’an so as to provide a basis for pulmonary TB and HCV prevention and control measures. 【Methods】 We carried out behavior investigation and serological detection of 219 heroin addicts with pulmonary TB infection in Xi’an Eighth Hospital. We analyzed HCV infection risk factors by Chi-square test and multi-factor Logistic regression method. 【Results】 The prevalence of HCV infection in heroin addicts with pulmonary TB was 71.2% and 92.9% in injected drug users (IDUs). The HCV infection rate was higher than the infection rate of HBV (10.9%) and HIV (5.9%) in heroin addicts with pulmonary TB. The major infection risk factors were intravenous injection (OR=18.632, 95% CI: 8.146-41.284) and longer duration of drug use (OR=1.428, 95% CI: 1.086-1.876). 【Conclusion】 The study found high HCV infection rate in heroin addicts with pulmonary TB and that the independent risk factors are the drug injection and duration of drug use. In order to prevent further spread of HCV in heroin addicts with pulmonary TB, we should establish and perfect the management system of HCV infection.