Objective To investigate the core drugs of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for the treatment of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension(HPH),and to verify the drug efficacy by hypoxia combined with Su5416(Hypoxia+Su5416,HySu)-induced PH mouse model.Methods Relevant literatures on TCM treatment of HPH in China Knowledge Network,Wanfang,Weipu were collected,screened and set up a database through the nerf criteria,and inputted into the software of traditional Chinese medicine inheritance assistance platform(V2.5)for the excavation of medication law.The HySu-PH mouse model was established,and the core drugs were evaluated for drug efficacy through force exhaustion exercise running table,blood oxygen saturation,right ventricular pressure,and right heart hypertrophy index test.Results The 102 relevant formulas for the treatment of HPH were screened,involving a total of 158 traditional Chinese medicines,and the top 5 drug frequencies were Salvia miltiorrhiza,Rhizoma Chuanxiong,Astragalus membranaceus,Draba hebecarpa,and Angelica sinensis,with the highest use of blood-activating and blood-stasis removing drugs,and deficiency-tonifying drugs in the categories of drugs used,and Salvia miltiorrhiza was the core drug used.HySu-PH mouse models were constructed and given 2 weeks of treatment with the danshen preparation Danshen injection.Danshen injection significantly elevated body weight(P<0.01),oxygen saturation(P<0.05),displacement of exhaustion(P<0.01),and duration of exhaustion(P<0.05),and lowered the right ventricular systolic blood pressure(P<0.01)and the right cardiac hypertrophy index(P<0.01).Conclusion Salvia miltiorrhiza is a core drug for the treatment of HPH,and the danshen preparation Danshen injection can effectively treat HySu-PH.

Abstract: Objective To investigate the expression of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) on the surface of T cells in patients with brucellosis (Bm), as well as the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in serum, and to analyze the differential expression of these indicators in patients with acute and chronic brucellosis, in order to provide new approaches for the differential diagnosis of acute and chronic brucellosis. Methods A total of 56 patients diagnosed with brucellosis at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from April 2023 to September 2023 were selected, including 31 patients in the acute phase and 25 patients in the chronic phase. Additionally, 35 healthy individuals underwent routine physical examinations within the same period served as healthy controls. Flow cytometry was used to detect and compare Tim-3 levels on the CD4+ T cells' surface among the groups. Levels of serum IL-10 and TGF-β were measured and compared using CBA and ELISA, respectively, and the relationship of these factors with the staging of brucellosis patients was analyzed. Results The proportions of Tim-3+CD3+CD4+T cells in the control group, acute group, and chronic group were (2.56±1.25)%, (5.14±1.98)%, and (13.66±2.66)%, respectively. The Tim-3 levels in the patients with brucellosis were higher than those in the healthy control group, with the chronic group showing even higher levels, and these differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The levels of IL-10 and TGF in the patient group were higher than those in the healthy control group, with the chronic group exhibiting significantly higher levels of IL-10 and TGF-β than the acute group, also presenting statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The areas under the ROC curve for predicting chronic brucellosis with Tim-3, IL-10, and TGF-β scores were 0.876, 0.865, and 0.663, respectively. Conclusions There are certain differences in the expression of Tim-3, serum IL-10, and TGF-β among patients with brucellosis, with high expression indicating a potential transition to the chronic phase of the disease. Tim-3 has shown the best diagnostic performance. Therefore, as a diagnostic indicator, Tim-3 may provide new ideas and strategies for the treatment and differential diagnosis of brucellosis.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeletal disease that primarily affects the elderly population, which greatly increases the risk of fractures. Here we report that Kindlin-2 expression in adipose tissue increases during aging and high-fat diet fed and is accompanied by decreased bone mass. Kindlin-2 specific deletion (K2KO) controlled by Adipoq-Cre mice or adipose tissue-targeting AAV (AAV-Rec2-CasRx-sgK2) significantly increases bone mass. Mechanistically, Kindlin-2 promotes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activation and downstream fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) expression through stabilizing fatty acid synthase (FAS), and increased FABP4 inhibits insulin expression and decreases bone mass. Kindlin-2 inhibition results in accelerated FAS degradation, decreased PPARγ activation and FABP4 expression, and therefore increased insulin expression and bone mass. Interestingly, we find that FABP4 is increased while insulin is decreased in serum of OP patients. Increased FABP4 expression through PPARγ activation by rosiglitazone reverses the high bone mass phenotype of K2KO mice. Inhibition of FAS by C75 phenocopies the high bone mass phenotype of K2KO mice. Collectively, our study establishes a novel Kindlin-2/FAS/PPARγ/FABP4/insulin axis in adipose tissue modulating bone mass and strongly indicates that FAS and Kindlin-2 are new potential targets and C75 or AAV-Rec2-CasRx-sgK2 treatment are potential strategies for OP treatment.

Humans ; East Asian People ; Psoriasis/drug therapy* ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use* ; Treatment Outcome ; Severity of Illness Index

Oral microbial community, as an important part of human microbial community, is closely related to oral and general health. Oral microbiological research has become the forefront of international microbiological research. Standardized and unified nomenclature for oral microorganisms in Chinese is of great significance to support the development of oral medicine research. Standardized translation of microbial names is the basis for writing canonical and authoritative professional textbooks and reference books, which helps students to accurately acquire the characteristics and classifications of oral microbes. Unified translation of oral microorganisms is also conducive to academic communication and cooperation, and plays an important role in oral health education and science popularization, which enables oral microbiology knowledge to be accurately disseminated to the public. Therefore, in order to standardize the words in scientific research, funding application, publications, academic exchanges and science popularization within the field of oral medicine, we have fully discussed and revised the Chinese names of oral microorganisms in 2017 edition and ones of newly discovered oral microbes, finally reaching a consensus to form the 2023 edition of Chinese names of oral microorganisms.

Objective To compare the prevalence of HIV/STD and related health care seeking behaviors among male STD clinic attendees between Xi'an and Xianyang cities.Methods During June and July 2016,206 male STD clinic attendees were studied in Xi'an city,with another 221 male STD clinic attendees in Xianyang city.Cross-sectional questionnaire survey was used to collect attendees' behavioral information.Blood samples were collected via HIV/HCV/Syphilis testing.Results The prevalence rate of HIV infection was 2.4％ (5/206) in Xi'an and 0.9％ (2/221) in Xianyang,with no statistical significant difference between the two cities.The prevalence rate of syphilis was 4.9％ (10/206) in Xi'an,which was significantly lower than 13.6％ (30/221) in Xianyang.The proportion of respondents,diagnosed with other sexually transmitted diseases,in Xi'an was higher than that of Xianyang.The proportions of commercial heterosexual sex and sex with temporary sexual partners in the past 3 months were 18.0％ (37/206) and 15.5％ (32/206) in Xi'an,lower than 46.6％ (103/221) and 15.8％ (35/221) in Xianyang (x2 =39.70,P ＜0.01;x2 =-0.01,P=0.93).The proportions of condom use with commercial sex workers or temporary sexual partners in the past 3 months among Xi'an were 37.8％ (14/37) and 6.3％ (2/32),lower than 93.1％ (95/102)and 57.1％ (20/35) in Xianyang (x2=49.06,P＜0.01;x2=19.63,P＜0.01).Conclusion Differences were noticed between Xi'an and Xianyang city in terms of STD and HIV prevalences,behaviors related to commercial sex and use of condoms among the male STD clinic attendees that calling for targeted actions in control of high risk behaviors in both HIV/AIDS and STDs transmission.

Objective To analyze the characteristics on demographical,spatial distribution and transmission mode of HIV infections among 50-year-old population.Methods Related information on demography,spatial distribution,high risk behavioral and history of HIV infections among 50-year-old population were collected and analyzed.Possible time of infection based on their first CD4 testing results right after the HIV diagnoses,was estimated.Results Since 2008,the number of new HIV/AIDS cases among the over-50-year-olds was reported increasing annually.The number of aged 50 and above in 2014 was 4.2 times than the number in 2008.50-year-old or older population were infected mainly through heterosexual behavior (88.0％).Among these cases,83.9％ self-reported as having histories on extramarital sex intercourse and the number was increasing yearly.Among male cases who admitted as having heterosexual experience,95.1％ of them reported as having histories of extramarital sex intercourse while 53.4％ of the female cases reported as having the same experiences.46.6％ of spouses of the females or with fixed partners were HIV positive.Through estimating the time of infection and the time interval between infection and diagnosis,we found that the proportion was 15.5％,from infection to diagnosis as 3 years among the 50 and older age groups,but the proportion of 8 years from infection to diagnosis was 43.6％.We estimated that 66.5％ of the new HIV cases who were at age 50 and over,were infected when they were at that age span.The average time from infection and being tested was (6.8 ± 2.7) years.Conclusion The increasing number of being diagnosed on HIV among the 50-year-olds population might be related to both high risk exposure and belated diagnoses among this population,calling for the necessity of deriving the sources of HIV infection and tailoring the HIV prevention strategies in this population.

Objective To characterize the migration patterns of men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV/AIDS in the period 2008-2015 and to characterize the determinants of their migration.Methods All identified HIV/AIDS cases transmitted through self-reported homosexual contact reported to the National Case Reporting System(CRS) by the end of December 31,2015 were included in this study.Data of basic demographic characteristics,household registration and address of the research objects were collected.Retrospective cohort study was used to analyze the migration characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases between 2008 and 2015.We used the x2 test to analyze their migration patterns and epidemiological characteristics,and multilevel logistic regression to investigate the determinants of migration.Results While mobile cases comprised 46.1％ of the sample (n=54 714),we detected a significant rising trend (x2=130.93,P＜0.001) as this proportion rose from 42.0％ (1 335/3 182) in 2008 to 47.9％ (15 623/32 610)in 2015.Of the 13 580 mobile cases with Hukou registration in Eastern China,89.8％ (12 201) migrated to other parts of Eastern China.Meanwhile,52.0％ of the 26 088 cases registered in Central China (n=13 570)and 30.5％ of the 14 106 registered in Western China (n=4 298) migrated to Eastern China.Furthermore,96.2％ of mobile cases (n=52 627) resided in the urban areas,of which 40.8％ (n=21 452) migrated from rural areas to urban areas and 58.4％ (n=30 722) migrated between urban areas.The annual proportion of cases who changed their address within 1 year of diagnosis ranged from 12.0％-18.5％.The results of the multilevel model showed that cases who were aged 25-49 years (OR=1.30,95％CI:1.26-1.34),single (OR=1.95,95％CI:1.87-2.02),and had a high school education or above (OR=1.68,95％CI:1.64-1.73)were more likely to migrate.AIDS (OR=0.71,95％CI:0.69-0.74),Hukou registration in an urban area (OR=0.63,95％CI:0.61-0.65),in Central China (OR=0.84,95％CI:0.73-0.97),Western China (OR=0.75,95％CI:0.64-0.87),and in regions with a high population density or above-average gross domestic product (GDP) per head (OR=0.77,95％ CI:0.69-0.87 and OR=0.70,95％ CI:0.62-0.79,respectively) were negatively associated with migration.Conclusion The number and proportion of mobile HIV cases showed a rising annual trend.Age,marital status,level of education and disease severity,in addition to the population density and level of economic development of cases' place of origin,were significant determinants of migration.

Objective To characterize the migration patterns of men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV/AIDS in the period 2008-2015 and to characterize the determinants of their migration.Methods All identified HIV/AIDS cases transmitted through self-reported homosexual contact reported to the National Case Reporting System(CRS) by the end of December 31,2015 were included in this study.Data of basic demographic characteristics,household registration and address of the research objects were collected.Retrospective cohort study was used to analyze the migration characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases between 2008 and 2015.We used the x2 test to analyze their migration patterns and epidemiological characteristics,and multilevel logistic regression to investigate the determinants of migration.Results While mobile cases comprised 46.1％ of the sample (n=54 714),we detected a significant rising trend (x2=130.93,P＜0.001) as this proportion rose from 42.0％ (1 335/3 182) in 2008 to 47.9％ (15 623/32 610)in 2015.Of the 13 580 mobile cases with Hukou registration in Eastern China,89.8％ (12 201) migrated to other parts of Eastern China.Meanwhile,52.0％ of the 26 088 cases registered in Central China (n=13 570)and 30.5％ of the 14 106 registered in Western China (n=4 298) migrated to Eastern China.Furthermore,96.2％ of mobile cases (n=52 627) resided in the urban areas,of which 40.8％ (n=21 452) migrated from rural areas to urban areas and 58.4％ (n=30 722) migrated between urban areas.The annual proportion of cases who changed their address within 1 year of diagnosis ranged from 12.0％-18.5％.The results of the multilevel model showed that cases who were aged 25-49 years (OR=1.30,95％CI:1.26-1.34),single (OR=1.95,95％CI:1.87-2.02),and had a high school education or above (OR=1.68,95％CI:1.64-1.73)were more likely to migrate.AIDS (OR=0.71,95％CI:0.69-0.74),Hukou registration in an urban area (OR=0.63,95％CI:0.61-0.65),in Central China (OR=0.84,95％CI:0.73-0.97),Western China (OR=0.75,95％CI:0.64-0.87),and in regions with a high population density or above-average gross domestic product (GDP) per head (OR=0.77,95％ CI:0.69-0.87 and OR=0.70,95％ CI:0.62-0.79,respectively) were negatively associated with migration.Conclusion The number and proportion of mobile HIV cases showed a rising annual trend.Age,marital status,level of education and disease severity,in addition to the population density and level of economic development of cases' place of origin,were significant determinants of migration.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and changing patterns of HIV transmission through heterosexual contact since 2008,and to project the influences of heterosexual transmission mode on the HIV epidemic in China.Methods Demographic data and history of exposure in newly identified HIV/AIDS cases aged 15 years or older,through heterosexual transmission mode from 2008 to 2014,were collected and analyzed.Results The number of HIV/AIDS cases caused by heterosexual transmission increased from 23 402 in 2008,to 68 671 in 2014.The proportion of heterosexual transmission mode increased from 8.7％ in 2008 to 66.4％ in 2014.Among these cases,the proportion of males increased from 55.3％ in 2008 to 68.2％ in 2014.Among those who reported acquiring HIV through heterosexual contact,the proportion of cases through extra-marital sexual acts out of all the newly report ones,increased from 78.2％ in 2008 to 88.2％ in 2014.This mode of infection accounted for 85.2％ in the age 15 to 49 years group,comparing to 84.2％ in the age group of 50 years old or above.The proportion of reported HIV infections through extra-marital sexual acts appeared 93.8％ on males while 69.0％ on females,with statistically significant difference (x2=36 000.000,P＜0.001).Conclusion As the predominant factor of HIV/AIDS epidemic,currently in China,heterosexual transmission showed diversities in different sub-epidemic areas,gender or age groups.Tailored strategies were urgently needed for health education and high-risk behavioral intervention,according to the local epidemic driven factors,respectively.