Objective:To investigate the protective effect of intermittent fasting on radiation-induced cognitive impairment and the possible underlying mechanism.Methods:A total of 36 male 7-week old c57BL/6J mice were divided into Sham-irradiation and ad libitum (Sham-AL) group, irradiation and ad libitum (IR-AL) group, and irradiation add intermittent fasting (IR-IF) group according to the random number table method, with 12 mice in each group. The cognitive function of mice was assessed by novel object recognition task. The expressions of autophagy gene 5 (ATG5), microtubulesas sociated protein light chain II (LC3II), voltage dependent anion channel protein 1 (VDAC1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), synaptophysin (SYP), synapsin I (SYN-1), and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) were tested by Western blot. The location of VDAC1 in mice hippocampus was detected by immunofluorescence.Results:The discrimination index (-22.45 ± 16.76) of IR-AL group was significantly ( t=3.032, P<0.05) lower than that of Sham-AL group (30.02 ± 9.05). Compared to Sham-AL group, IR-AL group had a decreased expressions of autophagy-related proteins (ATG5 and LC3II), mitochondrial marker (VDAC1), inflammatory factors (IL-1β) as well as synapse-associated proteins SYP, SYN-1 and PSD95 ( t=2.49, 2.19, 2.40, 3.47, 2.87, 2.25, 2.17, 2.31, P<0.05). Compared to IR-AL group, IR-IF group had an increased discrimination index (21.22 ± 5.62) and the increased expressions of ATG5, LC3II, VDAC1, IL-1β, SYP, SYN-1, and PSD95 ( t=2.70, 2.88, 2.71, 3.18, 3.18, 3.11, 3.30, 3.35, 2.53, P<0.05). The immunofluorescence assay revealed that VDAC1 was co-expressed with the markers of astrocytes (GFAP) and microglia (IBA-1), but not with neurons (NEUN). Conclusions:Intermittent fasting could greatly improve the cognitive function of irradiated mice possibly by upregulating VDAC1 expression, induce autophagy, and inhibit the release of inflammatory factors and protecting the synapticplasticity in the hippocampus.

Objective:To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical bacteria isolated from blood culture in China.Methods:The clinical bacterial strains isolated from blood culture from member hospitals of Blood Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System (BRICS) were collected during January 2018 to December 2019. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted with agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by US Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). WHONET 5.6 was used to analyze data.Results:During the study period, 14 778 bacterial strains were collected from 50 hospitals, of which 4 117 (27.9%) were Gram-positive bacteria and 10 661(72.1%) were Gram-negative bacteria. The top 10 bacterial species were Escherichia coli (37.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.7%), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (8.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.7%), Enterococcus faecium (3.4%), Acinetobacter baumannii(3.4%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.9%), Streptococci(2.8%) and Enterococcus faecalis (2.3%). The the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were 27.4% (394/1 438) and 70.4% (905/1 285), respectively. No glycopeptide-resistant Staphylococcus was detected. More than 95% of S. aureus were sensitive to amikacin, rifampicin and SMZco. The resistance rate of E. faecium to vancomycin was 0.4% (2/504), and no vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis was detected. The ESBLs-producing rates in no carbapenem-resistance E. coli, carbapenem sensitive K. pneumoniae and Proteus were 50.4% (2 731/5 415), 24.6% (493/2001) and 35.2% (31/88), respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae were 1.5% (85/5 500), 20.6% (518/2 519), respectively. 8.3% (27/325) of carbapenem-resistance K. pneumoniae was resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam combination. The resistance rates of A. baumannii to polymyxin and tigecycline were 2.8% (14/501) and 3.4% (17/501) respectively, and that of P. aeruginosa to carbapenem were 18.9% (103/546). Conclusions:The surveillance results from 2018 to 2019 showed that the main pathogens of bloodstream infection in China were gram-negative bacteria, while E. coli was the most common pathogen, and ESBLs-producing strains were in majority; the MRSA incidence is getting lower in China; carbapenem-resistant E. coli keeps at a low level, while carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae is on the rise obviously.

Objective:To investigate the bacterial composition and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical isolates from bloodstream infections in China.Methods:The clinical bacterial strains isolated from blood culture were collected during January 2020 to December 2020 in member hospitals of Blood Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System (BRICS). Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI, USA). WHONET 5.6 was used to analyze data.Results:During the study period, 10 043 bacterial strains were collected from 54 hospitals, of which 2 664 (26.5%) were Gram-positive bacteria and 7 379 (73.5%) were Gram-negative bacteria. The top 10 bacterial species were Escherichia coli (38.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.9%), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (7.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.9%), Enterococcus faecium (3.3%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.8%), Enterococcus faecalis (2.6%), Acinetobacter baumannii (2.4%) and Klebsiella spp (1.8%). The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus were 27.6% and 74.4%, respectively. No glycopeptide- and daptomycin-resistant Staphylococci were detected. More than 95% of Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to rifampicin and SMZco. No vancomycin-resistant Enterococci strains were detected. Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis were 48.4%, 23.6% and 36.1%, respectively. The prevalence rates of carbapenem-resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 2.3% and 16.1%, respectively; 9.6% of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam combination. The prevalence rate of carbapenem-resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii was 60.0%, while polymyxin and tigecycline showed good activity against Acinetobacter baumannii. The prevalence rate of carbapenem-resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 23.2%. Conclusions:The surveillance results in 2020 showed that the main pathogens of bloodstream infection in China were gram-negative bacteria, while Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen, and ESBL-producing strains declined while carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae kept on high level. The proportion and the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were on the rise slowly. On the other side, the MRSA incidence got lower in China, while the overall prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci was low.

Objective:To investigate the effect of MCC950 (a NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor) on cognitive impairment in mice with radiation-induced inflammatory brain injury.Methods:Mice were divided into normal (NS) group, whole body irradiation (IR) group and MCC950 intervention post irradiation (IR+ MCC950) group according to the random number table method, with 15 mice in each group. The mice in IR group and IR+ MCC950 group were irradiated with a single dose of 4.0 Gy. The radiation source was 137Cs and the dose rate was 1.118 Gy/min. The mice in NS group were not irradiated. Mice in IR+ MCC950 group were injected intraperitoneally with MCC950 once a day (10 mg/kg each time) from 3 weeks after irradiation. Behavioral tests such as new and old things recognition experiment and social cognition experiment were used to detect the cognitive function of mice. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of NeuN protein in CA3 area of mouse hippocampus. PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of NLRP3 inflammatory body related protein. Results:Compared with NS group, the short-term and long-term recognition index of new and old things in the IR group decreased significantly ( t=4.321, 5.473, P<0.01), and the social cognitive recognition index of the IR group also decreased significantly ( t=2.097, P<0.05). MCC950 treatment reversed the above changes (short-term and long-term new and old thing recognition test: t=5.860, 4.598, P<0.05; new and old position recognition test: t=3.040, P<0.05; social cognition test: t=4.021, P<0.01). The expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1 β and IL-18 in mice hippocampus of the IR group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( t=2.699, 8.515, 3.340, 3.950, P<0.05). Compared with NS mice, radiation significantly increased the expressions of Bax, Caspase-3 and PARP1 in hippocampus ( t=3.887, 2.742, 3.287, P<0.05), while MCC950 significantly decreased the expressions of Bax, Caspase-3 and PARP1( t=2.852, 4.090, 9.614, P<0.05). Conclusions:NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 could alleviate radiation-induced cognitive impairment, which may be due to the inhibition of hippocampal inflammatory and neuronal death.

Objective:To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical bacteria isolated from blood culture in China.Methods:The clinical bacterial strains isolated from blood culture from member hospitals of Blood Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System (BRICS) were collected during January 2016 to December 2017. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by US Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2019. WHONET 5.6 was used to analyze data.Results:During the study period, 8 154 bacterial strains were collected from 33 hospitals, of which 2 325 (28.5%) were Gram-positive bacteria and 5 829 (71.5%) were Gram-negative bacteria. The top 10 bacterial species were Escherichia coli (34.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.3%), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (7.4%), Acinetobacter baumannii (4.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.9%), Enterococcus faecium (3.8%), Streptococci (2.9%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.7%) and Enterococcus faecalis (2.5%). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS) accounted for 34.2%(315/922) and 77.7%(470/605), respectively. No vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus was detected. The resistance rate of Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin was 0.6%(2/312), and no vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium was detected. The ESBLs-producing rates in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus were 55.7%(1 576/2 831), 29.9%(386/1 289) and 38.5%(15/39), respectively. The incidences of carbapenem-resistance in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae were 1.2%(33/2 831), 17.5%(226/1 289), respectively. The resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to polymyxin and tigecycline were 14.8%(55/372) and 5.9%(22/372) respectively, and those of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to polymyxin and carbapenem were 1.3%(4/315) and 18.7%(59/315), respectively. Conclusion:The surveillance results from 2016 to 2017 showed that the main pathogens of blood stream infection in China were gram-negative bacteria, while Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen; the MRSA incidence was lower than other surveillance data in the same period in China; carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli was at a low level during this surveillance, while carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is on the rise.

Rationale: Trichosporon, an anamorphic fungus, proliferates under high humidity, causing serious opportunistic infections collectively called trichosporonosis. Among the Trichosporon species causing trichosporonosis are Trichosporon (T.) asahii, T. asteroides, T. cutaneum etc. Patient concerns: A 38-year-old Chinese male with severe aplastic anemia was admitted due to multiple joints pain, poor appetite, and right ankle swelling. One year earlier he had undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Diagnosis: T. asahii infection and severe aplastic anemia. Interventions: Combined treatment of amphotericin B liposomes (55 mg/24 h) and voriconazole (200 mg/12 h) for 8 days. Outcomes: The symptoms of the patient's ankle were relieved and effusion cultures showed no T. asahii. Lessons: To the best of our knowledge, T. asahii ankle cavity effusion infections are rare. Trichosporon infections may be attributed to risk factors such as improper long-term use of antimicrobials for an underlying disease (e.g., anemia, hypoalbuminemia). Attention should be paid to prevent and control Trichosporon infections in order to avoid comorbidities.

Objective:To analyze the EGFR mutation profile of lung cancer patients in Yunnan, and to provide evidence for clinical personalized treatment.Methods:Demographic and clinical data of 2 967 lung cancer patients undergoing EGFR identification were collected and analyzed from January 2014 to August 2019 in Yunnan Cancer Hospital.Results:The proportion of EGFR mutation in 2 967 patients with lung cancer was 46.2%. Univariate analysis showed that the proportion of EGFR mutation in women was higher than that in men ( P<0.001) and displayed a downward trend with age ( P=0.03). The mutation rate of ethnic minorities was higher than Han ( P=0.012). Mutation rate in patients without smoking history was higher than those with smoking history ( P<0.001), and patients without drinking history was higher than patients with drinking history ( P<0.001). Mutation rate in patients without family history of lung cancer was higher than those with family history ( P=0.008). The mutation rate of adenocarcinoma was higher than other pathological types ( P<0.001). The mutation rate was different among stages, and it was higher in early patients than that in advanced patients ( P<0.001). The mutation rate of tissue specimens was higher than those of cytology and peripheral blood samples ( P<0.001). The mutation rate of Xuanwei area was lower than that in non-Xuanwei area ( P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that gender ( P<0.001), age ( P=0.036), smoking history ( P<0.001), pathological type ( P<0.001), specimen type ( P<0.001), and whether or not Xuanwei area ( P<0.001) were the independent factors of EGFR mutation.The EGFR mutation was more common in female, non-smokers, adenocarcinoma, non-Xuanwei area, tissue specimen and young lung cancer patients.The mutation types of EGFR in 1 370 cases mainly included 19-Del and L858R. The predominant mutation of EGFR in Xuanwei area was L858R, while in non-Xuanwei area was 19-Del.The mutation rates of G719X, G719X+ L861Q, G719X+ S768I, and S768I in Xuanwei were higher while the mutation rates of 19-Del, L858R, and 20-ins were lower than non-Xuanwei area ( P<0.05). The 19-Del mutation rate of ethnic minorities is higher than that of Han ( P<0.001). The combined mutation rate of G719X, L861Q in Han was higher than that of ethnic minorities ( P=0.005). Conclusions:The EGFR mutation rate in lung cancer patients in Yunnan is similar to Asian and Chinese, and higher in female, non-smokers, adenocarcinomas, young and non-Xuanwei area patients. The most common types of EGFR mutation in Yunnan are 19-Del and L858R. The predominant mutation of EGFR in Xuanwei area is L858R, while in non-Xuanwei area is 19-Del. The mutation rates of G719X, G719X+ L861Q, G719X+ S768I and S768I are higher in Xuanwei patients than those in non-Xuanwei patients. The combined mutation rate of G719X and L861Q in Han nationality is higher than that of ethnic minorities.

Objective:To analyze the expressions of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) driver genes and their mutation distribution characteristics in the Yunnan-Kweichow plateau, and to provide evidences for personalized molecular targeted therapy of lung cancer in high-incidence areas.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical records of patients with NSCLC who underwent combined lung cancer 8 gene detection, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), rat sarcoma viral oncogene (RAS), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), RET proto-oncogene (RET), v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (BRAF), ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2), and cellular-mesenchymal to epithelial transition factor (MET), from January 2016 to August 2019 in Yunnan Cancer Hospital. Besides, we analyzed the expressions of NSCLC driver genes and their mutation distributions.Results:The positive rate of NSCLC driver genes in Yunnan was 67.05%(1 508/2 249). The mutation rates in Xishuangbanna (76.92%), Yuxi (72.38%), Xuanwei (71.88%), Qujing (71.24%), and Honghe (71.79%) were significantly higher than other areas. The mutation rates of Hui (84.38%), Hani (85.00%), Zhuang (75.00%), Buyi (100%), Manchu (100%), Tujia (100%) and Achang (100%) are significantly higher than the minority national average. Driver gene mutations were related to gender ( P<0.001), smoking history ( P<0.001), age ( P<0.001), pathological type ( P<0.001), and whether the Xuanwei area ( P=0.027), but not related to the nationality ( P=0.748) and family history of lung cancer ( P=0.676). The mutation rates of EGFR, RAS, BRAF, HER-2 and MET genes were 44.46%, 10.98%, 1.24%, 0.89% and 0.76%, and the rearrangement rates of ALK, RET and ROS1 genes were 4.67%, 1.29% and 0.89%, respectively.The mutation rate of EGFR in females was 56.67%, which was higher than 33.19% in males ( P<0.001). The mutation rate of RAS in males was 12.66%, which was higher than 9.17% in females ( P=0.010). The mutation rate of RAS in the Han was 11.49%, which was higher than 7.17% in the minority ( P=0.032). The rate of RAS mutation in Xuanwei patients was 24.74%, significantly higher than 8.15% in non-Xuanwei area ( P<0.001), and the EGFR mutation rate was 40.63%, which was lower than 45.25% in non-Xuanwei area ( P=0.045). The rate of ALK rearrangement in Xuanwei patients was 1.56%, which was significantly lower than 5.31% in the non-Xuanwei area ( P<0.001), and no HER-2 mutation patients were detected in Xuanwei area. The mutation rate of EGFR in patients with non-smoking history was 51.10%, significantly higher than 29.70% of patients with smoking history ( P<0.001). Meanwhile, the rate of ALK rearrangement with non-smoking history patients was 5.35%, which was also higher than 3.16% of patients with smoking history ( P<0.001). The rate of RAS mutation in patients with non-smoking history was 9.34%, lower than 14.63% of patients with smoking history ( P=0.008). Conclusions:The positive rate of driven gene expression in NSCLC patients from the Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau is slightly lower than the national average. The rates of EGFR and RAS mutations are similar to the domestic average. The rates of ROS1, ALK and RET genes rearrangements and the rates of BRAF, HER2 and MET gene mutations are slightly lower than the national average. EGFR, RAS and ALK genes in the NSCLC patients from Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau have high positive rates, and display different demographic and clinical characteristics, which are of great significance in the selection of targeted therapy populations.

Objective:To analyze the EGFR mutation profile of lung cancer patients in Yunnan, and to provide evidence for clinical personalized treatment.Methods:Demographic and clinical data of 2 967 lung cancer patients undergoing EGFR identification were collected and analyzed from January 2014 to August 2019 in Yunnan Cancer Hospital.Results:The proportion of EGFR mutation in 2 967 patients with lung cancer was 46.2%. Univariate analysis showed that the proportion of EGFR mutation in women was higher than that in men ( P<0.001) and displayed a downward trend with age ( P=0.03). The mutation rate of ethnic minorities was higher than Han ( P=0.012). Mutation rate in patients without smoking history was higher than those with smoking history ( P<0.001), and patients without drinking history was higher than patients with drinking history ( P<0.001). Mutation rate in patients without family history of lung cancer was higher than those with family history ( P=0.008). The mutation rate of adenocarcinoma was higher than other pathological types ( P<0.001). The mutation rate was different among stages, and it was higher in early patients than that in advanced patients ( P<0.001). The mutation rate of tissue specimens was higher than those of cytology and peripheral blood samples ( P<0.001). The mutation rate of Xuanwei area was lower than that in non-Xuanwei area ( P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that gender ( P<0.001), age ( P=0.036), smoking history ( P<0.001), pathological type ( P<0.001), specimen type ( P<0.001), and whether or not Xuanwei area ( P<0.001) were the independent factors of EGFR mutation.The EGFR mutation was more common in female, non-smokers, adenocarcinoma, non-Xuanwei area, tissue specimen and young lung cancer patients.The mutation types of EGFR in 1 370 cases mainly included 19-Del and L858R. The predominant mutation of EGFR in Xuanwei area was L858R, while in non-Xuanwei area was 19-Del.The mutation rates of G719X, G719X+ L861Q, G719X+ S768I, and S768I in Xuanwei were higher while the mutation rates of 19-Del, L858R, and 20-ins were lower than non-Xuanwei area ( P<0.05). The 19-Del mutation rate of ethnic minorities is higher than that of Han ( P<0.001). The combined mutation rate of G719X, L861Q in Han was higher than that of ethnic minorities ( P=0.005). Conclusions:The EGFR mutation rate in lung cancer patients in Yunnan is similar to Asian and Chinese, and higher in female, non-smokers, adenocarcinomas, young and non-Xuanwei area patients. The most common types of EGFR mutation in Yunnan are 19-Del and L858R. The predominant mutation of EGFR in Xuanwei area is L858R, while in non-Xuanwei area is 19-Del. The mutation rates of G719X, G719X+ L861Q, G719X+ S768I and S768I are higher in Xuanwei patients than those in non-Xuanwei patients. The combined mutation rate of G719X and L861Q in Han nationality is higher than that of ethnic minorities.

Objective:To analyze the expressions of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) driver genes and their mutation distribution characteristics in the Yunnan-Kweichow plateau, and to provide evidences for personalized molecular targeted therapy of lung cancer in high-incidence areas.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical records of patients with NSCLC who underwent combined lung cancer 8 gene detection, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), rat sarcoma viral oncogene (RAS), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), RET proto-oncogene (RET), v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (BRAF), ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2), and cellular-mesenchymal to epithelial transition factor (MET), from January 2016 to August 2019 in Yunnan Cancer Hospital. Besides, we analyzed the expressions of NSCLC driver genes and their mutation distributions.Results:The positive rate of NSCLC driver genes in Yunnan was 67.05%(1 508/2 249). The mutation rates in Xishuangbanna (76.92%), Yuxi (72.38%), Xuanwei (71.88%), Qujing (71.24%), and Honghe (71.79%) were significantly higher than other areas. The mutation rates of Hui (84.38%), Hani (85.00%), Zhuang (75.00%), Buyi (100%), Manchu (100%), Tujia (100%) and Achang (100%) are significantly higher than the minority national average. Driver gene mutations were related to gender ( P<0.001), smoking history ( P<0.001), age ( P<0.001), pathological type ( P<0.001), and whether the Xuanwei area ( P=0.027), but not related to the nationality ( P=0.748) and family history of lung cancer ( P=0.676). The mutation rates of EGFR, RAS, BRAF, HER-2 and MET genes were 44.46%, 10.98%, 1.24%, 0.89% and 0.76%, and the rearrangement rates of ALK, RET and ROS1 genes were 4.67%, 1.29% and 0.89%, respectively.The mutation rate of EGFR in females was 56.67%, which was higher than 33.19% in males ( P<0.001). The mutation rate of RAS in males was 12.66%, which was higher than 9.17% in females ( P=0.010). The mutation rate of RAS in the Han was 11.49%, which was higher than 7.17% in the minority ( P=0.032). The rate of RAS mutation in Xuanwei patients was 24.74%, significantly higher than 8.15% in non-Xuanwei area ( P<0.001), and the EGFR mutation rate was 40.63%, which was lower than 45.25% in non-Xuanwei area ( P=0.045). The rate of ALK rearrangement in Xuanwei patients was 1.56%, which was significantly lower than 5.31% in the non-Xuanwei area ( P<0.001), and no HER-2 mutation patients were detected in Xuanwei area. The mutation rate of EGFR in patients with non-smoking history was 51.10%, significantly higher than 29.70% of patients with smoking history ( P<0.001). Meanwhile, the rate of ALK rearrangement with non-smoking history patients was 5.35%, which was also higher than 3.16% of patients with smoking history ( P<0.001). The rate of RAS mutation in patients with non-smoking history was 9.34%, lower than 14.63% of patients with smoking history ( P=0.008). Conclusions:The positive rate of driven gene expression in NSCLC patients from the Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau is slightly lower than the national average. The rates of EGFR and RAS mutations are similar to the domestic average. The rates of ROS1, ALK and RET genes rearrangements and the rates of BRAF, HER2 and MET gene mutations are slightly lower than the national average. EGFR, RAS and ALK genes in the NSCLC patients from Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau have high positive rates, and display different demographic and clinical characteristics, which are of great significance in the selection of targeted therapy populations.