Objective: To know condom use negotiation with clients and regular sex partners and condom use in female sex workers (FSWs), and provide reference for the development of comprehensive HIV/AIDS intervention for FSWs. Methods: The cross sectional survey was conducted in Jianshui county and Mengzi county in Honghe Hani and Yi autonomous prefecture. A total of 476 FSWs aged 16 years and above were recruited from entertainment venues, and the information about their demographic characteristics, condom use negotiation and condom use were collected by using questionnaires. Logistic regression model was used to analyze related factors of condom use after negotiation between FSWs and clients unwilling use condom. Results: A total of 852 FSWs who aged (24.29±8.44) years old participated in the survey. In past month, 499 FSWs had negotiation for condom use with unwilling clients (58.6%, 499/852), after negotiation, 441 FSWs (88.4%, 441/499) had consistent condom use in each sex with the clients. In the past one month, 99 FSWs had negotiation for unwilling use condom with regular sex partners (14.4%, 99/687), after negotiation, 54 FSWs (54.5%, 54/99) had consistent condom use in each sex with regular sex partners. Among the FSWs, 266 (53.3%, 266/499) reported that they could say "It is a mandatory requirement" to persuade clients who were unwilling to use condom. 97(19.4%, 97/499) reported that they could say "There is risk for infection" to persuade clients who were unwilling to use condoms. 115 (23.1%,115/499) reported that they could say "It is a mandatory requirement" and "there is risk for infection" to persuade their unwilling clients to use condoms. 21 (4.2%, 21/499) reported that they used other strategies. 22 (4.4%, 22/499) felt that it was difficult to persuade clients to use condoms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with FSWs who felt difficult in persuading clients to use condoms, FSWs who felt moderate difficulty were more likely to have consistent condom use after negotiation (OR=4.00, 95%CI: 1.55-10.32) and FSWs who felt easy in persuading clients to use condoms were also more likely to have consistent condom use (OR=30.17, 95%CI: 3.22-282.44). Compared with FSWs used other strategies to persuade their clients to use condoms, FSWs who said it was a mandatory requirement were more likely to have consistent condom use after negotiation (OR=4.44, 95%CI: 1.41-14.01) and FSWs who said it was a mandatory requirement and there was risk for infection were also more likely to have consistent condom use (OR=5.52, 95%CI: 1.55-19.73). Conclusions Negotiation for condom use increased the rate of condom use in FSWs in sex with clients who were unwilling to use condom. The negotiation strategy of "It is a mandatory requirement" would promote condom use in FSWs in sex with clients who were unwilling to use condom. Besides, the negotiation strategy of saying "there is risk for infection" had additional effects.

Objective To study the reasons for conversion to laparotomy in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD).Methods Of the 74 patients who underwent LPD in Yi Jishan Hospital,Wan Nan Medical College from May 2012 to Dec 2016,7 patients were converted to laparotomy.The clinical and operative data of the 7 patients were reviewed.Results There were 6 males and 1 female.The age ranged was 51 to 66 years.The pathologies included tumor of pancreatic head in 5 patients,chronic inflammation of pancreas in 1 patient and duodenum papilla cancer in 1 patient.The reasons for conversion were:uncontrollable bleeding in 4 patients with superior mesenteric vein injury in 1 patient,portal vein injury in 1 patient and first jejunal vein injury in 2 patients,respectively.The bleeding was controlled successfully after laparotomy in all the 4 patients.The conversion in the remaining 3 patients were due to difficulty in the operative procedures which resulted from severe adhesions between the tumor and the major vessels.There were 2 patients who had invasion of the SMV by tumor.They underwent vascular resection after laparotomy.The remaining patient had chronic inflammation and the lesion was resected successfully after careful dissection.Of the 7 patients,1 patient developed pancreatic fistula,1 patient developed delayed gastric emptying and 1 patient developed both bile leakage and delayed gastric emptying.They were all treated conservatively.There was no peri-operative death in the study.Conclusion Uncontrollable bleeding and severe adhesions between the lesion and major vessels were the major reasons in LPD for conversion to laparotomy.

Objective To evaluate the improvement of lower urinary tract symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with bladder calculi by lithotripsy and adjuvant traditional Chinese decoction. Methods A total of 72 BPH patients with bladder calculi were recruited and randomly divided into the non-adjuvant treatment group (37 patients) and the adjuvant treatment group (35 patients). The adjuvant treatment group received adjuvant traditional Chinese decoction from 2 days before lithotripsy for 2 weeks. The maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) , residual urine volume (RU), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Quality of Life (QOL) were assessed before and after the treatment. The time of urine routine returned to normal and the indwelling time of catheter were compared between two groups. Urinary incontinence and recurrent bladder calculi were followed up for 6 months. Results After the treatment, the score of the IPSS (12.9 ± 4.5 vs. 15.7 ± 3.9;t=2.826, P=0.006) and the RU (47.3 ± 9.2 ml vs. 58.4 ± 11.3 ml;t=4.556, P<0.001) in the adjuvant treatment group were significantly lower than those in the non-adjuvant treatment group, and the Qmax (30.4 ± 4.7 ml/s vs. 21.4 ± 3.9 ml/s;t=8.862, P<0.001 ) was significantly higher. The indwelling time of catheter (5.7 ± 2.1 d vs. 8.1 ± 2.2d;t=4.730, P<0.001) and the time of urine routine returned to normal (6.9 ± 2.3 d vs. 10.2 ± 3.1 d;t=5.106, P<0.001) in the adjuvant treatment group were significantly shorter than those in the non-adjuvant treatment group. The 6-month follow-up showed that the incidence of urinary incontinence (2.9% vs. 18.9%;χ2=4.698, P=0.030) and recurrent bladder calculi (5.7% vs. 24.3%;χ2=4.813, P=0.028) in the adjuvant treatment group were significantly shorter than those in the non-adjuvant treatment group, and the total effective rate was significantly higher (62.9%vs. 29.7%; χ2=6.672, P=0.011). Conclusions Lithotripsy and adjuvant traditional Chinese decoction can reduce the IPSS score and RU, increase Qmax, decrease urinary incontinence and recurrent bladder calculi, and improve lower urinary tract symptoms in BPH patients with bladder calculi.

Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness and safety of transperitoneal robot assisted and retroperitoneal laparoscopic Anderson-Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty for the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Methods From September 2008 to June 2009,six patients with primary UPJO underwent transperitoneal robot assisted dismembered pyeloplasty (TRADP) (5 males and 1 female;average age 25 yrs,range from 14-40 yrs),of whom 4 with severe hydronephrosis,2 with intermediate.According to the demographic and preoperative information,each patient in the TRADP group was matched to two corresponding patients with primary UPJO accepting retroperitoneal laparoscopic Anderson-Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty (RLADP) in the same period.The operative time,the intracorporeal suturing time,intraoperative blood loss,the duration of the urethral catheter and the drainage time,the postoperative hospital stay and the postoperative result were compared between the 2 groups.The two groups were identical with regard to gender,side of UPJO,and surgical procedure.The mean age and BMI were comparable between the TRADP and RLADP. Results Between the two groups,the operative time was ( 157 ± 20) min vs ( 127 ± 18) min ( P ＞ 0.05 ),the intracorporeal suturing time was (44 ± 6) min vs (49 ± 6 ) min ( P ＞0.05).In TRADP and RLADP groups,the intraoperative blood loss was (23 ± 8) ml vs (21 ± 17) ml ( P ＞ 0.05 ),the duration of the drain was (47 ± 10) h vs ( 161 ± 41 ) h ( P ＜ 0.01 ),the duration of the urethral catheter was (92 ±46) h vs ( 175 ±26) h (P ＜0.05),the postoperative hospital stays were (6.0 ± 0.8 ) d vs (8.0 ± 0.5) d ( P ＜ 0.01 ).The operation was successful in all cases of two groups,with no conversion to open surgery.The follow-up of 6 -32 months,with average of 20 months,showed that the clinical symptoms in the two groups disappeared and the hydronephrosis relieved. Conclusion Compared with RLADP,the TRADP has the comparable operative time,but the postoperative management for TRADP is more simple and the healing is faster,the postoperative outcomes are comparable as well.