Objective: To understand the subjective and objective comfort evaluations of students from different age groups on desks and chairs, so as to provide reference for standardized allocation and use of desks and chairs. Methods: From January to April 2024, a total of 2 446 students were selected from 26 schools in 13 districts (counties/cities) in Shanghai, Tianjin, and Wuxi from Jiangsu Province by using cluster random method, including students in kindergartens, primary schools, junior high schools,senior high schools, colleges and universities. Standardized procedures were used to measure the height and weight of participants, and the matching desks and chairs models were selected according to the height. The subjective comfort of students on matching desks and chairs was investigated, and their objective comfort was evaluated by using a self designed questionnaire. The χ 2 test was used to analyze the differences of subjective perception and objective evaluation in comfort between different types of desks and chairs. Results: About 84.1% of the students subjectively thought that large desks and small chairs were very comfortable or relatively comfortable, followed by large desks and chairs (75.7%), and the proportion of small desks and chairs was the lowest among the three types (46.2%), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=722.46, P <0.01). The reporting rates of primary school, junior high school and senior high school students who subjectively considered large desks and chairs to be very comfortable/relatively comfortable were higher than that of other types of desks and chairs, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=297.49, 252.82, 343.67, P <0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the subjective comfort evaluation of different types of desks and chairs among kindergarten children ( χ 2=3.21, P >0.05), and 66.3% of the students in colleges and universities felt very comfortable/relatively comfortable when they used the matching standard desks and chairs. The objective evaluation results of the comfort for the three types of desks and chairs were consistent with the subjective evaluation, but the proportions of the objective evaluation as very comfortable/relatively comfortable were higher than that of the subjective evaluation ( χ 2=20.76- 813.47, P <0.01). Conclusions Large desks and chairs, as well as large desks with small chairs are perceived comfortable, while small desks and chairs are perceived less comfortable. It is recommended to match the large desks and chairs or large desks and small chairs that are suitable for them according to the "standard", to promote physical and mental health of students.

Objective: To investigate the differences in the comfort of desks and chairs furniture among students with different body types according to the standard, so as to provide a reference for guiding students with overweight and obesity to choose the correct study furniture and revising the standards. Methods: From January to April 2024, 2 443 students from 26 schools in 13 districts (counties/cities) in Shanghai, Tianjin, and Jiangsu Province were selected by the cluster random sampling method to conduct physical examination. The subjective and objective evaluations of the comfort of height matched desks and chairs were investigated. The students were divided into non overweight, overweight, and obesity groups according to relevant criteria, and stratified analysis was performed. The χ 2 test was used to analyze differences in the comfort evaluations of desks and chairs among students with different body types. Results: Among the 2 443 students surveyed, 16.7% and 12.6% were respectively classified as overweight and obese. All students assigned the highest comfort ratings to large desks and small chairs (84.1%), and consistency was observed between students subjective and objective evaluations. The reporting rate of samll desks and chairs of obesity students subjective evaluation was lower (36.8%) than that of overweight and non overweight/obesity students (52.1%, 48.0%) ( χ 2=14.63, P <0.01). The overweight and obese group of primary school students had a worse evaluation of the comfort of large desks and chairs and small desks and chairs than those of the non overweight and obese groups( χ 2=15.78, 7.63, P <0.05). Among high school students, the overweight and obese group had worse evaluation of the comfort of large desks and chairs, as well as large desks and small chairs, than those of the non-overweight and obese groups( χ 2=9.62, 11.77, P <0.05). The objective evaluations revealed low compliance ratings on the posture of the thighs and calves for naturally forming an angle greater than 90° (55.6%), and headroom height under the table (50.3%) with small desks and chairs ( χ 2=94.05, 166.47, P <0.05). Conclusions Compared with non overweight/obese students, students with overweight and obese students report poor comfort evaluations of height matched desks and chairs. Revision of the standard should consider the body types of students, and evaluations of the comfort of desks and chairs furniture by students with overweight and obesity should be improved.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of nystagmus during the Dix-Hallpike and Roll tests in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) using three-dimensional videonystagmography (3D-VNG), in order to to optimize diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of BPPV. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 68 patients with posterior semicircular canal (PSC)-BPPV and 26 patients with horizontal semicircular canal (HSC)-BPPV. Nystagmus data obtained from 3D-VNG were reviewed for all patients, with a focus on the eye movement components during the Dix-Hallpike test in PSC-BPPV patients and the Roll test in HSC-BPPV patients. The direction and reversal rates of the vertical, horizontal, and torsional components were recorded and analyzed. Results All PSC-BPPV patients exhibited highly consistent three-dimensional nystagmus characteristics during the Dix-Hallpike test: vertical nystagmus was uniformly upward, torsional nystagmus was predominantly clockwise in left-side BPPV patients (17/23) and counterclockwise in right-side BPPV patients (44/45), while the horizontal component was mostly directed contralaterally (50/68); upon transitioning from the head-hanging to the sit-up position, vertical nystagmus components in all patients reversed, and torsional and horizontal nystagmus components reversed in approximately 50.0% or more patients. Among HSC-BPPV patients, right-side BPPV patients all showed right-beating (geotropic) horizontal nystagmus with predominantly upward vertical component (16/19), while most left-side BPPV patients showed left-beating horizontal nystagmus (6/7) with predominantly downward vertical component (6/7). During head rotation toward the healthy side, most (25/26) HSC-BPPV patients exhibited a reversal in the horizontal nystagmus direction, reduced intensity compared to the affected side, with a reversal in vertical components in 3 patients, and atypical torsional components. Conclusions 3D-VNG could precisely quantitative analyze three-dimensional features of nystagmus in BPPV patients, improve diagnostic accuracy in canal and side localization, particularly in PSC-BPPV patients.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of weight monitoring feedback intervention among primary school students, so as to provide the evidence for strengthening children's weight management. Methods: In October 2023, students from grades four to six in a primary school in Hangzhou City were selected and randomly assigned to a control group and an intervention group on a class-by-class basis. The included primary school students had their height and weight measured at a fixed time each week, and the results were fed back to their parents in the form of cards. The cards for the control group contained knowledge about healthy lifestyles, while those for the intervention group additionally included information on body mass index (BMI), BMI grouping, and BMI ranking. Overweight and obesity were determined according to the age- and gender-specific criteria in the Screening for Overweight and Obesity among School-aged Children and Adolescents. After a 9-month intervention period, the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity and lifestyle behavior data between the two groups before and after the intervention were compared by a generalized linear mixed model, in order to assess the effectiveness of the weight monitoring information feedback intervention. Results: The intervention group consisted of 368 students, including 208 boys (56.52%) and 160 girls (43.48%). The majority of students were 11 years, with 153 students accounting for 41.58%. The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity was 24.18%. The control group had 324 students, with 180 boys (55.56%) and 144 girls (44.44%). The predominant age was also 11 years, with 128 students accounting for 39.51%. The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity was 25.31%. Before the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age, prevalence rate of overweight and obesity, eating habits, exercise situation, and sleep patterns (all P>0.05). After the intervention, there were significant interactions between group and time for the prevalence rate of overweight and obesity, the frequency of moderate-intensity exercise per week, and adequate sleep in the two groups (all P<0.05). The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity in the intervention group (OR=0.461, 95%CI: 0.252-0.845) was lower than that in the control group. The proportions of students in the intervention group who engaged in moderate-intensity exercise ≥4 times per week (OR=1.315, 95%CI: 1.033-1.675) and had adequate sleep (OR=1.402, 95%CI: 1.049-1.875) were higher than those in the control group. Conclusion Weight monitoring feedback can reduce the incidence of overweight and obesity among primary school students and has a certain improving effect on lifestyle behaviors such as exercise and sleep.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of sutureless approach to the dorsal venous complex (DVC) combined with robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy on sexual function of patients with prostatic cancer. METHODS: This study included 114 prostate cancer patients who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy at our hospital from January 2021 to January 2024. The patients were randomly divided into a control group (n=57) and an observation group (n=57). The control group received conventional "figure-of-eight" suture ligation of the dorsal venous complex (DVC), while the observation group underwent direct DVC transection using monopolar electrocautery scissors after increasing pneumoperitoneum pressure.Surgical duration, intraoperative blood loss, positive surgical margin rates, and positive apical margin rates were recorded. The continence rates and rates of morning erections at 1, 3 and 6 months after the operation were compared between groups. Sexual function was assessed pre-operatively and at 6 months post-operation by using the IIEF-5 and PEDT. RESULTS: The operative time in the observation group was significantly longer than that in the control group (［115.71 ± 19.42］ min vs ［103.42 ± 12.78］ min， P<0.05). While no significant differences were observed in intraoperative blood loss, positive surgical margin rate, or positive apical margin rate between the two groups (P>0.05). At 3 and 6 months after the operation, the observation group exhibited higher urinary continence rates and morning erection recovery rates compared to the control group （P<0.05). Furthermore, at 6 months postoperatively, the observation group demonstrated significantly higher IIEF-5 scores and lower PEDT scores than those of control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION The use of a sutureless DVC technique in robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy protects the post-operative sexual function in patients.
Humans ; Male ; Prostatectomy/methods* ; Laparoscopy/methods* ; Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery* ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/methods* ; Middle Aged ; Operative Time ; Aged

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of robot-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention (R-PCI) compared to traditional manual percutaneous coronary intervention (M-PCI). METHODS: This prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled, non-inferior clinical trial enrolled patients with coronary heart disease who met the inclusion criteria and had indications for elective percutaneous coronary intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to either the R-PCI group or the M-PCI group. Primary endpoints were clinical and technical success rates. Clinical success was defined as visually estimated residual post-percutaneous coronary intervention stenosis < 30% with no 30-day major adverse cardiac events. Technical success in the R-PCI group was defined as successful completion of percutaneous coronary intervention using the ETcath200 robot-assisted system, without conversion to M-PCI in the event of a guidewire or balloon/stent catheter that was unable to cross the vessel or was poorly supported by the catheter. Secondary endpoints included total procedure time, percutaneous coronary intervention procedure time, fluoroscopy time, contrast volume, operator radiation exposure, air kerma, and dose-area product. RESULTS: The trial enrolled 152 patients (R-PCI: 73 patients, M-PCI: 79 patients). Lesions were predominantly B2/C type (73.6%). Both groups achieved 100% clinical success rate. No major adverse cardiac events occurred during the 30-day follow-up. The R-PCI group had a technical success rate of 100%. The R-PCI group had longer total procedure and fluoroscopy times, but lower operator radiation exposure. The percutaneous coronary intervention procedure time, contrast volume, air kerma, and dose-area product were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS For certain complex lesions, performing percutaneous coronary intervention using the ETcath200 robot-assisted system is safe and effective and does not result in conversion to M-PCI.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of Qingda Granule (QDG) in ameliorating hypertension-induced cardiac damage and investigate the underlying mechanisms involved. METHODS: Twenty spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were used to develope a hypertension-induced cardiac damage model. Another 10 Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as normotension group. Rats were administrated intragastrically QDG [0.9 g/(kg•d)] or an equivalent volume of pure water for 8 weeks. Blood pressure, histopathological changes, cardiac function, levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory response markers were measured. Furthermore, to gain insights into the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of QDG against hypertension-induced cardiac injury, a network pharmacology study was conducted. Predicted results were validated by Western blot, radioimmunoassay immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS: The administration of QDG resulted in a significant decrease in blood pressure levels in SHRs (P<0.01). Histological examinations, including hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson trichrome staining revealed that QDG effectively attenuated hypertension-induced cardiac damage. Furthermore, echocardiography demonstrated that QDG improved hypertension-associated cardiac dysfunction. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and colorimetric method indicated that QDG significantly reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory response levels in both myocardial tissue and serum (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Both network pharmacology and experimental investigations confirmed that QDG exerted its beneficial effects in decreasing hypertension-induced cardiac damage by regulating the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)/angiotensin II (Ang II)/Ang II receptor type 1 axis and ACE/Ang II/Ang II receptor type 2 axis.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Hypertension/pathology* ; Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects* ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Male ; Rats, Inbred WKY ; Blood Pressure/drug effects* ; Myocardium/pathology* ; Rats ; Inflammation/pathology*

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Objective:To examine the burden and trends of acute viral hepatitis in Guangdong Province from 1990 to 2019, and provide reference evidences for hepatitis prevention and control in the province.Methods:Data on acute viral hepatitis (hepatitis A, B, C, and E) in Guangdong from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database. The incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) data were analyzed by age and gender, and the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to describe the changing trends in disease burden.Results:From 1999 to 2019, the standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY of acute viral hepatitis in Guangdong were higher than the national averages. In 2019, 51.43% (2 245 087/4 365 221) of acute viral hepatitis cases in Guangdong Province were mainly attributed to hepatitis B, and 77.18% (106/138) of deaths were due to acute hepatitis B. In different age groups, except for acute hepatitis B, which was more common in adults, the incidence rates of other types of viral hepatitis such as hepatitis A, B, and E showed an overall decreasing trend with age. The mortality rates of different types of acute viral hepatitis, except for the <5 age group, increased with age. The overall incidence and mortality rates of acute viral hepatitis were higher in men than in women.Conclusions:The overall burden of acute viral hepatitis in Guangdong declined in 2019, but remained higher than the national level. Further efforts are needed to strengthen hepatitis prevention and screening in different population in Guangdong Province, especially in children and the elderly.

As the backbone force of China's social and economic construction, the health status of workers is closely related to the nation's productivity and social development. Currently, cancers have become one of the major diseases threatening the health of workers. However, there are still many shortcomings in the cancer screening services for the workers. To standardize cancer screening services for workers, ensure the quality of screening services, and improve the overall screening effectiveness, 19 institutions, including Peking Union Medical College Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, have jointly formulated the Group Standard "Specification for service of cancer screening for workers (T/CHAA 023-2023)". This standard follows the principles of "legality, scientific rigor, advancement, and feasibility" and combines the frontier scientific advances in cancer screening. It clarifies the relevant requirements for service principles, service design, service delivery, service management, service evaluation, and improving worker cancer screening. Implementing this group standard will help connect the common screening needs of workers, employers, and cancer screening service providers, standardize the screening process, improve screening quality, and ultimately increase the early diagnosis rate and survival rate of cancer patients. Consequently, this group standard will help safeguard workers' health rights and interests, ensure the labor force resources, promote the comprehensive coordinated and sustainable development of society, and contribute to realizing the "Healthy China 2030" strategic policy.