ObjectiveTo investigate the demyelination induced by Angiostrongylus cantonensis （AC） infection in the brain of Balb/c mice and analyze the untargeted metabolomic changes in the corpus callosum， aiming to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. MethodsBalb/c mice were randomly assigned to a control group （n=6） and an infection group （n=6）. The infection group was orally administered 30 third-stage larvae of AC， while the control group received an equal volume of saline. Body weight， visual function， and behavioral scores were measured on post-infection 3， 6， 9， 12， 15， 18， and 21 days to assess neurological alterations. After 21 days， brain tissues were harvested for immunofluorescence staining， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and transmission electron microscopy to examine morphological changes in brain myelin and retina. Metabolomics analysis was performed， and differential metabolites were identified using volcano plots and heatmaps. The distribution of fold changes and bar charts were used to profile the key metabolites. These differential metabolites were then subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis and regulatory network analysis. ResultsOn the 9th day after AC infection， Balb/c mice showed a decline in neurological behavioral scores （P<0.05）. By day 15， visual scores decreased （P<0.05）， and by day 21， significant weight loss （P＜0.001） and mortality were observed. Concurrently， transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining revealed significant myelin damage in the corpus callosum and a marked reduction in oligodendrocytes （P<0.001）. HE staining showed severe retinal ganglion cell damage. Metabolomic analysis revealed that glycerophospholipids were the most abundant differential metabolites， with steroids and sphingolipids being relatively less abundant. Cholesteryl ester CE （20：2） was significantly upregulated （P<0.001）， while phosphatidylmethanol （18：0_18：1） was significantly downregulated （P<0.01）. KEGG enrichment and regulatory network analyses demonstrated that the differential metabolites were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways like steroid biosynthesis， bile secretion， and cholesterol metabolism， and were involved in key metabolic pathways such as sphingolipid metabolism， neural signal regulation， and glycerophospholipid metabolism. ConclusionsAC infection affects the metabolic state of mice via multiple pathways， modifying the levels of metabolites crucial for myelination and myelin stability. Demyelination may be closely linked to the disruption of these key metabolic pathways， particularly the dysregulation of cholesterol and sphingolipid metabolism， potentially playing a central role in demyelination onset. Furthermore， alterations in phospholipid metabolism and abnormal nerve signaling regulation may exacerbate myelin damage.

Objective To investigate the effects of epithelial transformation sequence 2(ECT2)and p33ING1 on the metastatic activity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)cells.Methods The expressions of ECT2 and p33ING1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and adjacent tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Human esophageal squamous carcinoma cell line KYSE140 cells were divided into 4 groups:blank group,negative control(pcDNA 3.1 NC)group,overexpression group(pcDNA 3.1 ECT2)and inhibited expression group(si ECT2).MTT assay and cell colony formation assay were used to study the proliferation and growth ability of cells,Transwell assay and scratch assay used to study the invasion and migration ability of cells,and flow cytometry used to detect apoptosis and cell cycle,Western blotting used to detect the effect of ECT2 on p33ING1 protein.Results ECT2 expression increased and p33ING1 expression decreased in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues.Overexpression of ECT2 significantly increased the growth,colony formation,migration and invasion abilities of KYSE140 cells,and decreased the apoptosis rate and p33ING1 expression of KYSE140 cells.In addition,inhibition of ECT2 expression could reverse the above changes.Conclusion The high expression of ECT2 can promote the growth and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma KYSE140 cells and inhibit their apoptosis.The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of p33ING1 expression by ECT2.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility, safety and reasonable operation of nasointestinal canal indwelling guided by miniature system in severe neurosurgery patients, and compare its advantages and disadvantages with traditional blind insertion.Methods:A prospective randomized controlled trial design was used to select 128 critically ill patients in need of enteral nutrition support at the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from March 2022 to October 2023 by convenient sampling method. They were divided into blind insertion group and visualization group by random number table method, with 64 cases in each group. Nasointestinal canal indwelling was performed in the blind insertion group by traditional blind insertion method, and in the visualization group, nasointestinal canal indwelling was performed by indentations guided by the miniature visualization system. The success rate of initial catheterization, the time of catheterization, complications, changes of vital signs during catheterization and changes of nutritional indexes after catheterization were evaluated in 2 groups.Results:In the blind insertion group, there were 35 males and 29 females, aged (59.44 ± 13.84) years old. In the visualization group, there were 41 males and 23 females, aged (58.28 ± 12.08) years old. The success rate of the first catheter placement in the visual group was 96.8% (62/64), higher than that in the blind group 82.8% (53/64), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=6.94, P<0.05). The catheter placement time of the visualization group was (20.08 ± 2.69) min, which was shorter than that of the blind insertion group (38.19 ± 3.79) min, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=29.99, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications, changes of vital signs during catheterization and the changes of nutritional indexes after catheterization between two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with traditional blind nasointestinal canal indwelling, nasointestinal canal indwelling guided by the miniature visualization system can improve the success rate of the first catheterization and shorten the catheterization time. Although there is no difference in the complication rate, changes in vital signs during catheterization and changes in nutritional indexes after catheterization, it is believed that with the continuous development and upgrading of this technology, it will further reflect the advantages of this technology, which is worthy of further clinical trials and application.

Pancreatic cancer is among the most malignant cancers,and thus early intervention is the key to better survival outcomes.However,no methods have been derived that can reliably identify early precursors of development into malignancy.Therefore,it is urgent to discover early molecular changes during pancreatic tumorigenesis.As aberrant glycosylation is closely associated with cancer progression,numerous efforts have been made to mine glycosylation changes as biomarkers for diagnosis;however,detailed glycoproteomic information,especially site-specific N-glycosylation changes in pancreatic cancer with and without drug treatment,needs to be further explored.Herein,we used comprehensive solid-phase chemoenzymatic glycoproteomics to analyze glycans,glycosites,and intact glycopeptides in pancreatic cancer cells and patient sera.The profiling of N-glycans in cancer cells revealed an increase in the secreted glycoproteins from the primary tumor of MIA PaCa-2 cells,whereas human sera,which contain many secreted glycoproteins,had significant changes of glycans at their specific glycosites.These results indicated the potential role for tumor-specific glycosylation as disease biomarkers.We also found that AMG-510,a small molecule inhibitor against Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog(KRAS)G12C mutation,profoundly reduced the glycosylation level in MIA PaCa-2 cells,suggesting that KRAS plays a role in the cellular glycosylation process,and thus glycosylation inhibition contributes to the anti-tumor effect of AMG-510.

Objective:To investigate the distribution characteristics of urinary tract pathogens in patients with community-acquired urinary tract infection and their sensitivity to nenoxacin and levofloxacin.Methods:This prospective, multicenter clinical trial included patients with community-acquired urinary tract infection who were admitted to urological clinics at 9 clinical research centers from November 2021 to August 2022.Inclusion criteria: Patients aged 18-70 years with community-acquired acute uncomplicated cystitis(AUC), recurrent acute episodes of urinary tract infection(rUTI), and non-febrile complicated urinary tract infection(cUTI) with signs of urinary tract irritation and abnormal elevation of routine white blood cells in urine. Exclusion criteria: ①Patients who received effective antimicrobial therapy within 72 h before enrollment and lasted for more than 24 h. ②Fever (>37.3℃) or symptoms of upper urinary tract infection such as low back pain, tapping pain in the kidney area, etc. ③Indwelling urinary catheter. At the first visit, clean midstream urine samples were taken for bacterial culture, and the distribution characteristics of urinary pathogens of different types of urinary tract infections were analyzed. Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) were measured for Gram-negative bacteria. The susceptibility of nenoxacin and levofloxacin to urinary tract pathogens was determined by disk diffusion method. Drug resistance rate, sensitivity rate were analyzed between different disease groups.Results:There were 404 enrolled patients from 9 hospitals, including 364 (90.1%) females and 40 (9.9%) males. A total of 177 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, among which the highest proportion of Escherichia coli was 66.1% (117/177).Klebsiella pneumoniae was followed by 6.8% (12/177) and Streptococcus agalactis 5.1% (9/177). The bacterial spectrum distribution of AUC and rUTI were similar, and the proportions of Escherichia coli were 70.6% (85/119) and 65.9% (29/44), respectively. However, the proportions of Escherichia coli isolated from cUTI patients were only 28.6% (4/14) and Enterococcus faecalis 7.1%(1/14). The overall detection rate of ESBLs in Gram-negative bacteria was 30.9%(43/139). The sensitivity rate of nenoxacin was 74.6%(91/122), and the resistance rate was 25.4%(31/122). The overall sensitivity rate of levofloxacin was 44.9%(70/156) and the resistance rate was 36.5%(57/156). The rate of resistance of urinary tract pathogens to levofloxacin was 48.2% (27/56) in patients with previous urinary tract infection history, and 30.0% (30/100) in patients with no previous urinary tract infection history, the difference was statistically significant( P=0.023).The sensitivity rate of Gram-negative bacteria to nenofloxacin was 70.7% (65/92) and that to levofloxacin was 50.0% (46/92, P<0.001). The sensitivity of Gram-positive bacteria to nenofloxacin was 80.0% (16/20), and that to levofloxacin was 70.0% (14/20, P=0.009). Conclusions:The bacterial profile of out-patient community acquired urinary tract infection varies greatly according to different diseases. The proportion of Escherichia coli in AUC and rUTI patients is higher than that in cUTI. The detection rate of ESBLs in Gram-negative bacteria was lower than the domestic average.Patients with a history of urinary tract infection had a high risk of treatment failure with levofloxacin. The sensitivity of common urinary tract pathogens to nenofloxacin was higher than levofloxacin.

Objective To observe the influence of different energy windows of the medium-energy general-purpose(MEGP)collimator on image quality,so as to optimize the energy window of yttrium-90(90Y)bremsstrahlung SPECT imaging.Methods 90Y bremsstrahlung spectrum was acquired,and the sensitivity,percentage of the source counts in useful field of view(S/FOV%)and signal-to-background ratio(S/B)of 90Y bremsstrahlung SPECT imaging at MEGP under different energy windows were compared.Results The energy spectrum of 90Y bremsstrahlung was a continuous curve,with the peak of 76.2 keV with MEGP collimator.The images obtained with MEGP collimator were clear,and no significant differences of S/FOV%nor S/B was found between 10%and 20%window width groups(both P＞0.05),but the sensitivities of the latter was higher than the former(P＜0.05).The sensitivity of 70-90 keV images was relatively high,while the S/FOV%and S/B had decreased.The S/FOV%and S/B of images ranging from 40-60 keV were high,but the sensitivity was low.Images acquired with 100 keV±20%showed fairly high sensitivity,S/FOV%and S/B,which was 69.73%,0.62 and 1.64,respectively.Conclusion When performing 90Y bremsstrahlung SPECT with MEGP collimator,the image quality at 20%window width was better than at 10%window width,and 100 keV±20%showed fairly high sensitivity and not significantly decreased S/FOV%and S/B.

The growth of three plague phages from Qinghai Plateau in two Yersinia pestis strains(plague vaccine strains EV76 and 614F)and four non-Yersinia pestis strains(Yersinia pseudotuberculosis PTB3,PTB5,Escherichia coli V517,and Yersinia enterocolitica 52302-2)were detected through a micromethod based on the OmniLogTM microbial identification system and by the drop method,to provide a scientific basis for future ecological studies and classification based on the host range.For plague vaccine strains EV76 and 614F,successful phage infection and subsequent phage growth were observed in the host bacte-rium.Diminished bacterial growth and respiration and a concomitant decrease in color were observed with the OmniLogTM mi-crobial identification system at 33 ℃ for 48 h.Yersinia pseudotuberculosis PTB5 was sensitive to Yersinia pestis phage 476,but Yersinia pseudotuberculosis PST5 was insensitive to phage 087 and 072204.Three strains of non-Yersinia pestis(Yersinia pseudotuberculosis PTB3,Escherichia coli V517,and Yersinia enterocolitica 52302-2)were insensitive to Yersinia pestis pha-ges 087,072204,and 476 showed similar growth curves.The growth of phages 476 and 087,as determined with the drop method,in two Yersinia pestis strains(plague vaccine strains EV76 and 614F)and four non-Yersinia pestis strains(Yersinia pseudotuberculosis PTB3,Escherichia coli V517,and Yersin-ia enterocolitica 52302-2)showed the same results at 37 ℃,on the basis of comparisons with the OmniLogTM microbial i-dentification system;in contrast,phages 072204 did not show plaques on solid medium at 37 ℃ with plague vaccine strains EV76 and 614F.Determination based on the OmniLogTM detection system can be used as an alternative to the traditional determination of the host range,thus providing favorable application val-ue for determining the interaction between the phage and host bacteria.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prospective association between physical activity (PA),independently or in conjunction with other contributing factors,and osteoporosis (OP) outcomes. Methods The Physical Activity in Osteoporosis Outcomes (PAOPO) study was a community-based cohort investigation. A structured questionnaire was used to gather the participants' sociodemographic characteristics. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements were performed to assess OP outcomes,and the relationship between BMD and OP was evaluated within this cohort. Results From 2013 to 2014,8,471 participants aged 18 years and older were recruited from Tangshan,China's Jidong community. Based on their PA level,participants were categorized as inactive,moderately active,or very active. Men showed higher physical exercise levels than women across the activity groups. BMD was significantly higher in the very active group than in the moderately active and inactive groups. Individuals aged>50 years are at a higher risk of developing OP and osteopenia. Conclusion The PAOPO study offers promising insights into the relationship between PA and OP outcomes,encouraging the implementation of PA in preventing and managing OP.

Objective: To explore the relationship between processed food consumption and blood pressure level of students in a university in Yunnan Province, so as to provide the reference for preventing hypertension in university students. Methods: In October 2021, a cluster sampling method was used to select 4 781 freshmen from a university in Kunming, Yunnan Province. The frequency of processed food consumption of university students was assessed by using the dietary frequency questionnaire, and height, weight and blood pressure were measured. Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the differences in blood pressure level of university students with different demographic variables, and the association between processed food consumption and blood pressure level was analyzed with a generalized linear model. Results: Among the students of a university in Yunnan Province, the detection rates of systolic prehypertension and hypertension were 33.86% and 1.23%, and the detection rates of diastolic prehypertension were 32.13% and hypertension 7.22%. The results of generalized linear model analysis showed that after controlling for demographic variables and other variables that might affect the blood pressure level of university students, the consumption of processed food (bread and cake: β =0.15, 95% CI =0.01-0.29) and ultra processed food (coffee beverage: β =-0.29, 95% CI =-0.54--0.03) were associated with systolic blood pressure level( P <0.05). The consumption of processed food (salted duck egg: β =0.21, 95% CI =0.01-0.41) was correlated with the diastolic blood pressure of college students ( P <0.05). Conclusions Processed food consumption in university students may increase the risk of high blood pressure.The education of healthy eating among college students should be strengthened to reduce the consumption of processed foods.

Objective To investigate the antibacterial effect and its preliminary mechanism of lavender essential oil on multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.Methods Micro-dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)of lavender essential oil against multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,and bactericidal kinetic study was employed to determine the onset and maintenance time of lavender essential oil.Meanwhile,the promoting and therapeutic effects of lavender essential oil on wound healing were observed in a mouse model of infection.Subsequently,crystal violet staining was used to determine the inhibition and clearance of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm by lavender essential oil,and laser confocal microscopy was utilized to observe the survival of bacteria in biofilms.NanoDrop instrument was utilized to quantify the leakage of bacterial DNA nucleic acid and protein after intervention with 3 and 6 mg/mL lavender essential oil,and the leakage of bacterial potassium ion was measured by potassium ion test kit.Proteomics technology combined with bio-informatics were applied to explore the action mechanism of lavender essential oil against multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.Results The MIC and MBC of lavender essential oil were both 6 mg/mL,which could kill almost all multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii at the time point of 120 min,and showed an obvious dose-and time-dependent manner.The overall animal model evaluation showed that both 3 and 6 mg/mL lavender essential oil could promote wound healing,and the curative effect was obvious.Further studies confirmed that 3 mg/mL lavender essential oil had a certain biofilm inhibitory effect on multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,and 6 mg/mL also had a certain biofilm clearance effect under the same conditions.Meanwhile,when incubated at 37℃ for 1 h,the dose of 3 mg/mL could increase the leakage of DNA nucleic acid and protein,and significantly promote the efflux of potassium ions.Proteomic analysis suggested that the antibacterial effect of lavender essential oil may be related to affecting the oxidorereductase activity and cell metabolic process of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,and interfering with the biosynthesis of cell wall/membrane/envelope and other structures.Conclusion Lavender essential oil at 3 mg/mL can play an antibacterial effect against multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,and its mechanism may be related to the destruction of bacterial biofilm and interference with bacterial metabolism.