BACKGROUND:Degenerative scoliosis is defined as a condition that occurs in adulthood with a coronal cobb angle of the spine>10° accompanied by sagittal deformity and rotational subluxation,which often produces symptoms of spinal cord and nerve compression,such as lumbar pain,lower limb pain,numbness,weakness,and neurogenic claudication.The finite element method is a mechanical analysis technique for computer modelling,which can be used for spinal mechanics research by building digital models that can realistically restore the human spine model and design modifications. OBJECTIVE:To review the application of finite element method in the etiology and treatment of degenerative scoliosis. METHODS:The literature databases CNKI,PubMed,and Web of Science were searched for articles on the application of finite element method in degenerative scoliosis published before October 2023.Search terms were"finite element analysis,biomechanics,stress analysis,degenerative scoliosis,adult spinal deformity"in Chinese and English.Fifty-four papers were finally included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The biomechanical findings from the degenerative scoliosis model constructed using the finite element method were identical to those from the in vivo experimental studies,which proves that the finite element method has a high practical value in degenerative scoliosis.(2)The study of the etiology and treatment of degenerative scoliosis by the finite element method is conducive to the prevention of the occurrence of the scoliosis,slowing down the progress of the scoliosis,the development of a more appropriate treatment plan,the reduction of complications,and the promotion of the patients'surgical operation.(3)The finite element method has gradually evolved from a single bony structure to the inclusion of soft tissues such as muscle ligaments,and the small sample content is increasingly unable to meet the research needs.(4)The finite element method has much room for exploration in degenerative scoliosis.

In this study, fluvoxamine maleate sustained-release pellet system tablets were prepared and were used to evaluate their release behaviors in vitro. Fluvoxamine maleate pellets were prepared using centrifugal-spherization method and coated by fluidized bed as bottom-spray. The multi-unit sustained-release pellets and appropriate excipients for prescription volumes were mixed uniformly and then compressed to tablets. Screening and determining the optimal formulation of drug loaded pellets through L8 (2⁴) Taguchi experiment. Using Minitab software to design a DOE experiment with 2⁴ partial factors, including material temperature, fan speed, atomization pressure, and spray rate to optimize the bottom spray coating process. Taking monostearate glycerol ester with a particle size of 24-40 mesh as the main diluent for tableting to relieve the delamination phenomenon between pellets and excipients during tablet pressing and reduce mechanical damage to the coating film. By examining the powder fluidity indexes such as angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, and Hausner ratio of mixed particles, it was found that the flowability and compressibility are good and suitable for direct compression. Evaluate the basic properties of the sustained-release tablets, investigate the in vitro release behavior and study the release mechanism. The results of in vitro release test showed that the self-made sustained-release tablets could disintegrate into independent pellet units in phosphate buffer at pH 6.8 and release slowly within 24 h, which conformed to the first-order drug release model. The fluvoxamine maleate sustained-release pellet system tablets meet the requirements of preparation design and has a great commercial prospect.

Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory action of Celastrol in the ocular tissues of mice with ex-perimental autoimmune uveitis(EAU)and its effect on microglia polarization.Methods A total of 36 healthy B10.RⅢmice at 6-8 weeks of age were selected and randomly divided into the normal control group,EAU solvent control group and Celastrol intervention group,with 12 mice in each group.The interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein(IRBP)161-180 and Freund's complete adjuvant were mixed by thorough emulsification and injected subcutaneously into the bilateral thighs and tails of mice in the EAU solvent control group and the Celastrol intervention group with a total volume of 200 μL and 50 μg IRBP 161-180 in each mouse.On 7-14 days after immunization,mice in the Celastrol intervention group received a daily intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg·kg-1 Celastrol,and mice in the EAU solvent control group were injected with an equivalent dose of sterile Phosphate Buffered Saline solution.On the 14th day after immunization,the anterior segment of mice in each group was observed by slit-lamp microscope and Hematoxylin and Eosin(HE)staining of tissue sections was performed;the clinical and histopathological scores of mice in each group were obtained by reference to the Caspi grading standards;immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the activation of microglia in the eyes of mice;Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and arginase-1(Argl)in the reti-na;quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the relative mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in the retina,such as tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-6.GraphPad Prism 9.0 was used for data analysis.Results On the 14th day after immunization,it was observed by the slit-lamp microscope that the anterior segment of mice in the EAU solvent control group was markedly congested with dilated iris blood vessels,corneal edema,and anterior chamber exudation;the inflammation in the anterior segment of mice in the Celastrol intervention group was markedly at-tenuated,and the iris blood vessels were seen to be mildly congested.Compared with the normal control group,the clini-cal scores of mice in the EAU solvent control group and the Celastrol intervention group were significantly elevated(both P＜0.05);the clinical scores of mice in the Celastrol intervention group were lower than those in the EAU solvent control group(P＜0.05).HE staining results showed that on the 14th day after immunization,mice in the EAU solvent control group showed severe retinal folds and detachment with diffuse infiltration of inflammatory cells,while mice in the Celastrol intervention group showed slight structural damage to the retina and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration.Com-pared with the normal control group,the histopathological scores of mice in the EAU solvent control group and the Celas-trol intervention group were significantly elevated(both P＜0.05);the histopathological scores of mice in the Celastrol in-tervention group were lower than those in the EAU solvent control group(P＜0.05).The intraocular Iba1+cell densities of mice in the normal control,EAU solvent control and Celastrol intervention groups were(1.00±0.12)％,(36.07± 4.57)％,and(1.83±0.36)％,respectively.Compared with the normal control group,the number of Iba1+cells in the eyes of mice in the EAU solvent control group and the Celastrol intervention group significantly increased(both P＜0.05);compared with the EAU solvent control group,the number of Iba1+cells in the eyes of mice in the Celastrol intervention group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05).Compared with the normal control group,the expression levels of iNOS and Arg1 proteins in the retinas of mice in the EAU solvent control group were significantly elevated(both P＜0.01);compared with the EAU solvent control group,the expression of iNOS protein in the retinas of mice in the Celastrol intervention group was significantly reduced(P＜0.01).Compared with the normal control group,the relative mRNA expressions of TNF-α.IL-1β,and IL-6 in the retinas of mice in the EAU solvent control group was significantly elevated(all P＜0.05);compared with the EAU solvent control group,the relative mRNA expressions of TNF-α,IL-1 β,and IL-6 in the retinas of mice in the Celastrol intervention group significantly decreased(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Celastrol inhibits Ml microglia activation and reduces the production of retinal inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1 β and IL-6 in EAU mice,thereby attenuating the in-flammatory reaction.

Polycystin-2 (also known as PC2, TRPP2, PKD2) is a major contributor to the underlying etiology of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), which is the most prevalent monogenic kidney disease in the world. As a transient receptor potential (TRP) channel protein, PC2 exhibits cation-permeable, Ca²⁺-dependent channel properties, and plays a crucial role in maintaining normal Ca²⁺ signaling in systemic physiology, particularly in ADPKD chronic kidney disease. Structurally, PC2 protein consists of six transmembrane structural domains (S1-S6), a polycystin-specific “tetragonal opening for polycystins” (TOP) domain located between the S1 and S2 transmembrane structures, and cytoplasmic N- and C-termini. Although the cytoplasmic N-terminus and C-terminus of PC2 may not be significant in the gating of PC2 channels, there is still much protein structural information that needs to be thoroughly investigated, including the regulation of channel function and the assembly of homotetrameric ion channels. This is further supported by the presence of human disease-associated mutation sites on the PC2 structure. Moreover, PC2 synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum is enriched in specific subcellular localization via membrane transport and can assemble itself into homotetrameric ion channels, as well as form heterotrimeric receptor-ion channel complexes with other proteins. These complexes are involved in a wide range of physiological functions, including the regulation of mechanosensation, cell polarity, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. In particular, PC2 assembles with chaperone proteins to form polycystic protein complexes that affect Ca²⁺ transport in cell membranes, cilia, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, and are involved in activating cell fate-related signaling pathways, particularly cell differentiation, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis, and more recently, autophagy. This leads to a shift of cystic cells from a normal uptake, quiescent state to a pathologically secreted, proliferative state. In conclusion, the complex structural and functional roles of PC2 highlight its critical importance in the pathogenesis of ADPKD, making it a promising target for therapeutic intervention.

AIM To identify the chemical components of Longmu Qingxin Mixture by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and study its material basis for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.METHODS The sample was detected by mass spectrometry in positive and negative ion mode on a Waters CORTECS? UPLC? T3 chromatographic column.The data were analyzed with Peakview 1.2 software and matched with the Natural Products HR-MS/MS Spectral Library 1.0 database,and the components were identified in combination with literature reports.The material basis of Longmu Qingxin Mixture for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was analysed according to the identified components.RESULTS Forty chemical components were identified,including 11 flavonoids,6 monoterpene glycosides,4 triterpene saponins,3 phenolic acids,6 alkaloids etc.,which mainly derived from Radix Astragali,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Radix Scutellariae,licorice root,Ramulus Uncariae cum,etc.,baicalein,formononetin,astragaloside Ⅳ and rhynchophylline may be the material basis for the therapeutic effect of Longmu Qingxin Mixture.CONCLUSION UPLC-Q-TOF-MS can quickly identify the chemical components of Longmu Qingxin Mixture.Flavonoids,triterpene saponins and alkaloids may be the material basis for Longmu Qingxin Mixture for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,which can provide the basis for its material basis research,quality standard establishment and pharmacological study of the dismantled formula.

[Objective]To investigate the effect of remnant cholesterol(RC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)ratio on coronary computed tomography-derived fractional flow reserve(FFRct)in coronary heart disease(CHD)patients with critical lesions.[Methods]A retrospective study was done on patients who were admitted to our de-partment and underwent coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA)from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022.All the 304 culprit vessels from the 219 patients with moderate coronary artery stenosis(50%～70%)were divided in-to FFRct ischemia group(FFRct≤0.8,N=108)and FFRct non-ischemia group(FFRct>0.8,N=111).Multivariate logis-tic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of FFRct≤0.8 in CHD patients with critical lesions.Re-ceiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of RC/HDL-C for FFRct≤0.8.Pear-son correlation analysis was used to assess whether there was a correlation between RC/HDL-C and FFRct.[Results]There were significantly more diabetic patients in FFRct ischemia group(P<0.001).RC/HDL-C ratio,levels of RC,non-HDL-C,APOB,HbA1c and FPG in FFRct ischemic group were significantly increased(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the RC/HDL-C ratio,levels of RC,Non-HDL-C,TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C,LP(a),HbA1c,and FPG were all significantly negatively correlated with FFRct values(P<0.05).Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes mellitus,RC/HDL-C ratio,levels of RC,non-HDL-C,TG,LP(a),HbA1c and FPG were significantly correlated with FFRct≤0.8(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that RC/HDL-C ratio was a predictor of FFRct≤0.80(OR=4.682,95%CI 1.197～18.316,P<0.05).[Conclusions]RC/HDL-C ratio is independently correlated with FFRct≤0.8 in CHD patients with moderate stenosis and it is a potential indicator for evaluating coronary functional ischemia.

Objective:To establish a three-tier review rule for parenteral nutrition orders by pharmacists,improve the qualification rate of parenteral nutrition orders,and promote the rational and standardized use of parenteral nutrition.Method:Pharmacists from different positions participate in a manual review intervention model for parenteral nutrition orders at three-tier review,establishing standardized and simplified parenteral nutrition review rules to reduce review difficulty and improve review efficiency.Result:After implementation,the qualified rate for parenteral nutrition orders increased from 71.09%to 95.59%,with a qualified rate of 100%for an industrial multi-cavity bag.The simplicity of parenteral nutrition components,cation concentration,carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio,non-protein calorie-to-nitrogen ratio and route of administration have been significantly improved.Conclusion:The involvement of pharmacists in the three-tier review of parenteral nutrition can reduce the risk of single-tier review,promote collaboration between pharmacists in different roles,improve the accuracy and efficiency of review,and reduce the risk of inappropriate use of parenteral nutrition.

Objective To establish age estimation models of northern Chinese Han adults using cranial suture images obtained by CT and multiplanar reformation(MPR),and to explore the applicability of cranial suture closure rule in age estimation of northern Chinese Han population.Methods The head CT samples of 132 northern Chinese Han adults aged 29-80 years were retrospectively collected.Volume reconstruction(VR)and MPR were performed on the skull,and 160 cranial suture tomography images were generated for each sample.Then the MPR images of cranial sutures were scored according to the closure grading criteria,and the mean closure grades of sagittal suture,coronal sutures(both left and right)and lambdoid sutures(both left and right)were calculated respectively.Finally taking the above grades as independent variables,the linear regression model and four machine learning models for age estimation(gradient boosting regression,support vector regression,decision tree regression and Bayesian ridge regression)were established for northern Chinese Han adults age estimation.The accu-racy of each model was evaluated.Results Each cranial suture closure grade was positively correlated with age and the correlation of sagittal suture was the highest.All four machine learning models had higher age estimation accuracy than linear regression model.The support vector regression model had the highest accuracy among the machine learning models with a mean absolute error of 9.542 years.Conclusion The combination of skull CT-MPR and machine learning model can be used for age esti-mation in northern Chinese Han adults,but it is still necessary to combine with other adult age estima-tion indicators in forensic practice.

Objective To observe the value of MRI for differentiating flaps and tumor recurrence after tongue cancer reconstruction.Methods Totally 139 patients after flap reconstruction for tongue cancers were retrospectively enrolled,and MRI manifestations of flaps and recurrence of tongue cancer were comparatively analyzed.Results During follow-up,local flaps mainly presented as equal signals on T1WI,high signals on T2WI within 5 months but then predominately as equal signals.Free flaps consistently showed mixed high signals on both T1WI and T2WI,with striated and sheeted muscle signals.The recurrent lesions consistently showed slightly inhomogeneous equal signals on T1WI and high signals on T2WI.The degree of enhancement of flaps gradually decreased,while the recurrent lesions continued to show severe enhancement.The margins of flaps were predominantly indistinct within 5 months after reconstruction,then became distinct in≥13 while＜74 months with smaller size than before,while recurrent lesions continued to show indistinct borders.The mylohyoid muscles and hyoglossus muscles predominantly swelled within 5 months after construction but then atrophied.Hematoma and cyst cavity in the operation area could be observed 5 months after construction.The recurrence lesions located in the lower and posterior junction part of flaps and the residual tongue tissue,spiculated margins could be found in the ipsilateral or contralateral mylohyoid muscles and hyoglossus muscles,as well as cervical lymph node and distant metastases.Conclusion MRI was helpful to differentiating flaps and recurrence lesions after tongue cancer reconstruction.

Objective:To investigate two cases of rare pathogenic genes,initiation codon mutations in HBA2 gene,combined with Southeast Asian deletion and their family members to understand the relationship of HBA2:c.2T＞C and HBA2:c.2delT mutations with clinical phenotype.Methods:The peripheral blood of family members was obtained for blood cell analysis and capillary electrophoresis hemoglobin analysis.Gap-PCR and reverse dot blotting(RDB)were used to detect common types of mutations in α-thalassaemia gene.Sanger sequencing was used to analyze HBA1 and HBA2 gene sequence.Results:Two proband genotypes were identified as--SEA/αα with HBA2:c.2T＞C and--SEA/αα with HBA2:c.2delT.HBA2:c.2T＞C/WT and HBA2:c.2delT/WT was detected in family members.They all presented with microcytic hypochromic anemia.Conclusion:When HBA2:c.2T＞C and HBA2:c.2delT are heterozygous that can lead to static α-thalassemia phenotype,and when combined with mild α-thalassemia,they can lead to the clinical manifestations of hemoglobin H disease.This study provides a basis for genetic counseling.