Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma （DLBCL） is a highly heterogeneous disease. Although standard first-line regimens can cure ＞50% of patients， approximately one-third of them develop relapsed/refractory DLBCL （r/r DLBCL）. Consequently， immunotherapy targeting molecular abnormalities has become pivotal for managing r/r DLBCL. The results of this review show that with advances in understanding DLBCL pathogenesis and the tumor immune microenvironment， antibody-based therapies have evolved rapidly， progressing from monoclonal antibodies （e.g.， rituximab， tafasitamab） to bispecific antibodies（e.g.， odronextamab，glofitamab， epcoritamab） and antibody-drug conjugate （e.g.， polatuzumab vedotin， loncastuximab tesirine）. These engineered agents enhance immune cytotoxicity and tumor-specific targeting， providing novel therapeutic options for r/r DLBCL patients.

ObjectiveTo investigate the trend and influencing factors of newly reported human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positivity rate among men who had sex with men (MSM) in Shanghai from 2021 to 2024, and to provide evidence for formulating scientific prevention and control measures of AIDS. MethodsMultiple rounds of cross-sectional questionnaire surveys were conducted among MSM by Shanghai Qing’ai Health Promotion Center. Pearson and Cochran-Armitage trend χ² tests were used to analyze the differences and changes in population characteristics and newly reported HIV positivity rates. A logistic regression model was applied for multivariate analyses of factors associated with newly reported HIV positivity. ResultsA total of 1 653 MSM who had not been previously diagnosed with HIV infection were surveyed. The newly reported HIV positivity rates in 2021, 2023, and 2024 were 7.87%, 3.91%, and 3.06%, respectively, showing a decreasing trend (χ²_trend=13.460, P_trend<0.001). Multivariate analyses revealed that MSM aged 18‒<25 years, residing locally for <1 year, identifying as bisexual, lacking HIV knowledge, and having ≥10 same-sex partners in the past 6 months exhibited higher newly reported HIV positivity rates. Conversely, MSM knowledgeable about HIV prevention, residing locally for 1‒5 years, and engaging in oral sex with male partners in the past 6 months demonstrated lower HIV positivity rates. Annual analyses revealed that MSM with HIV knowledge had lower newly reported HIV positivity rates in 2023 and 2024 (aOR=0.300, 95%CI: 0.811‒0.111; aOR=0.202, 95%CI: 0.085‒0.483). ConclusionThe newly reported HIV positivity rate among MSM in Shanghai from 2021 to 2024 showed a decline. Future interventions should focus on young and mobile MSM, strengthen HIV knowledge education through platforms such as the internet, promote safe sexual behaviors and regular testing, and further expand the coverage of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to control HIV transmission within this population.

Objective     To construct a radiomics model for identifying clinical high-risk carotid plaques. Methods     A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with carotid artery stenosis in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from December 2016 to June 2022. The patients were classified as a clinical high-risk carotid plaque group and a clinical low-risk carotid plaque group according to the occurrence of stroke, transient ischemic attack and other cerebrovascular clinical symptoms within six months. Six machine learning models including eXtreme Gradient Boosting, support vector machine, Gaussian Naive Bayesian, logical regression, K-nearest neighbors and artificial neural network were established. We also constructed a joint predictive model combined with logistic regression analysis of clinical risk factors. Results    Finally 652 patients were collected, including 427 males and 225 females, with an average age of 68.2 years. The results showed that the prediction ability of eXtreme Gradient Boosting was the best among the six machine learning models, and the area under the curve (AUC) in validation dataset was 0.751. At the same time, the AUC of eXtreme Gradient Boosting joint prediction model established by clinical data and carotid artery imaging data validation dataset was 0.823. Conclusion     Radiomics features combined with clinical feature model can effectively identify clinical high-risk carotid plaques.

In this study, fluvoxamine maleate sustained-release pellet system tablets were prepared and were used to evaluate their release behaviors in vitro. Fluvoxamine maleate pellets were prepared using centrifugal-spherization method and coated by fluidized bed as bottom-spray. The multi-unit sustained-release pellets and appropriate excipients for prescription volumes were mixed uniformly and then compressed to tablets. Screening and determining the optimal formulation of drug loaded pellets through L8 (2⁴) Taguchi experiment. Using Minitab software to design a DOE experiment with 2⁴ partial factors, including material temperature, fan speed, atomization pressure, and spray rate to optimize the bottom spray coating process. Taking monostearate glycerol ester with a particle size of 24-40 mesh as the main diluent for tableting to relieve the delamination phenomenon between pellets and excipients during tablet pressing and reduce mechanical damage to the coating film. By examining the powder fluidity indexes such as angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, and Hausner ratio of mixed particles, it was found that the flowability and compressibility are good and suitable for direct compression. Evaluate the basic properties of the sustained-release tablets, investigate the in vitro release behavior and study the release mechanism. The results of in vitro release test showed that the self-made sustained-release tablets could disintegrate into independent pellet units in phosphate buffer at pH 6.8 and release slowly within 24 h, which conformed to the first-order drug release model. The fluvoxamine maleate sustained-release pellet system tablets meet the requirements of preparation design and has a great commercial prospect.

Objective:To study influence of Connect-Introduce-Communicate-Ask-Respond-Exit(CICARE)communication mode on patients with acute heart failure(AHF).Methods:A total of 156 AHF patients treated in our hospital were randomly and equally divided into routine nursing group and CICARE group(received CICARE communication mode based on routine nursing group).Both groups were intervened for one month.General clinical data,hospitalization indexes,scores of Hamilton rating scale for depression(HAMD),Hamilton rating scale for anxiety(HAMA),general self-efficacy scale(GSES)and quality of life scale(QOL-35)before and after inter-vention and incidence of complications were compared between two groups.Results:Compared with routine nursing group,there were significant reductions in first aid time[(42.06±9.77)s vs.(20.27±3.77)s],visit time[(95.67±23.18)min vs.(50.07±11.21)min],admission time[(3.22±0.36)min vs.(2.60±0.67)min]and hospital stay[(22.33±4.82)d vs.(14.13±2.42)d];and scores of HAMD[(14.02±1.42)scores vs.(6.04± 1.57)scores]and HAMA[(13.24±2.07)scores vs.(7.16±2.17)scores]after intervention,and significant rise in scores of GSES[(14.25±3.14)scores vs.(32.03±6.06)scores]and QOL-35[(70.67±5.75)scores vs.(86.93±5.51)scores]in CICARE group after intervention(P=0.001 all).Incidence rate of complications in CICARE group was significantly lower than that of CICARE group(5.13％vs.20.51％,P=0.004).Conclusion:CICARE communication mode can significantly alleviate adverse emotions and improve self-efficacy in patients with acute heart failure.

Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory action of Celastrol in the ocular tissues of mice with ex-perimental autoimmune uveitis(EAU)and its effect on microglia polarization.Methods A total of 36 healthy B10.RⅢmice at 6-8 weeks of age were selected and randomly divided into the normal control group,EAU solvent control group and Celastrol intervention group,with 12 mice in each group.The interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein(IRBP)161-180 and Freund's complete adjuvant were mixed by thorough emulsification and injected subcutaneously into the bilateral thighs and tails of mice in the EAU solvent control group and the Celastrol intervention group with a total volume of 200 μL and 50 μg IRBP 161-180 in each mouse.On 7-14 days after immunization,mice in the Celastrol intervention group received a daily intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg·kg-1 Celastrol,and mice in the EAU solvent control group were injected with an equivalent dose of sterile Phosphate Buffered Saline solution.On the 14th day after immunization,the anterior segment of mice in each group was observed by slit-lamp microscope and Hematoxylin and Eosin(HE)staining of tissue sections was performed;the clinical and histopathological scores of mice in each group were obtained by reference to the Caspi grading standards;immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the activation of microglia in the eyes of mice;Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and arginase-1(Argl)in the reti-na;quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the relative mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in the retina,such as tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-6.GraphPad Prism 9.0 was used for data analysis.Results On the 14th day after immunization,it was observed by the slit-lamp microscope that the anterior segment of mice in the EAU solvent control group was markedly congested with dilated iris blood vessels,corneal edema,and anterior chamber exudation;the inflammation in the anterior segment of mice in the Celastrol intervention group was markedly at-tenuated,and the iris blood vessels were seen to be mildly congested.Compared with the normal control group,the clini-cal scores of mice in the EAU solvent control group and the Celastrol intervention group were significantly elevated(both P＜0.05);the clinical scores of mice in the Celastrol intervention group were lower than those in the EAU solvent control group(P＜0.05).HE staining results showed that on the 14th day after immunization,mice in the EAU solvent control group showed severe retinal folds and detachment with diffuse infiltration of inflammatory cells,while mice in the Celastrol intervention group showed slight structural damage to the retina and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration.Com-pared with the normal control group,the histopathological scores of mice in the EAU solvent control group and the Celas-trol intervention group were significantly elevated(both P＜0.05);the histopathological scores of mice in the Celastrol in-tervention group were lower than those in the EAU solvent control group(P＜0.05).The intraocular Iba1+cell densities of mice in the normal control,EAU solvent control and Celastrol intervention groups were(1.00±0.12)％,(36.07± 4.57)％,and(1.83±0.36)％,respectively.Compared with the normal control group,the number of Iba1+cells in the eyes of mice in the EAU solvent control group and the Celastrol intervention group significantly increased(both P＜0.05);compared with the EAU solvent control group,the number of Iba1+cells in the eyes of mice in the Celastrol intervention group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05).Compared with the normal control group,the expression levels of iNOS and Arg1 proteins in the retinas of mice in the EAU solvent control group were significantly elevated(both P＜0.01);compared with the EAU solvent control group,the expression of iNOS protein in the retinas of mice in the Celastrol intervention group was significantly reduced(P＜0.01).Compared with the normal control group,the relative mRNA expressions of TNF-α.IL-1β,and IL-6 in the retinas of mice in the EAU solvent control group was significantly elevated(all P＜0.05);compared with the EAU solvent control group,the relative mRNA expressions of TNF-α,IL-1 β,and IL-6 in the retinas of mice in the Celastrol intervention group significantly decreased(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Celastrol inhibits Ml microglia activation and reduces the production of retinal inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1 β and IL-6 in EAU mice,thereby attenuating the in-flammatory reaction.

Objective:To investigate the arsenic metabolism pattern and possible influencing factors in the population in drinking-water-borne endemic arsenic poisoning (drinking-water-borne arsenic poisoning for short) areas.Methods:In December 2004, a cluster sampling method was used to select arsenic poisoning population (arsenic poisoning group) and healthy population (control group) in drinking-water-borne arsenic poisoning area of Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as the survey subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted. Arsenic content in drinking water at home of survey subjects, the levels of urinary arsenic and its metabolites, including [trivalent arsenic (As Ⅲ), inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsenic acid (pentavalent, MMA V), dimethylarsenic acid (pentavalent, DMA V), total arsenic (tAs), percentage of inorganic arsenic (iAs%), percentage of monomethylarsenic acid (MMA%), percentage of dimethylarsenic acid (DMA%), primary methylation index (PMI), secondary methylation index (SMI)] were tested using high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; nail arsenic and nail selenium levels were tested using atomic fluorescence spectrometer. The influencing factors of arsenic metabolism pattern were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results:A total of 536 survey subjects were included, including 155 individuals in the arsenic poisoning group and 381 in the control group. The water arsenic level ranged from 0.0 to 825.7 μg/L. Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in the distribution of gender, education level and dental fluorosis in the arsenic poisoning group ( P > 0.05), but there were significant differences in the distribution of age, marital status, smoking, drinking and water arsenic ( P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the levels of urinary As Ⅲ, iAs, MMA V, DMA V, tAs, MMA%, MMA/DMA and nail arsenic in the arsenic poisoning group were higher ( P < 0.05), while the levels of urinary DMA%, SMI and nail selenium were lower ( P < 0.05); but there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of urinary iAs% and PMI ( P > 0.05). Gender, education level, depth of wells, water arsenic, total number of wells and nail arsenic were the influencing factors of urinary As Ⅲ (β = - 19.82, - 23.83, 0.61, 0.21, 7.26, 2.98, P < 0.05). Age, depth of wells, water arsenic and nail arsenic were the influencing factors of urinary tAs (β = 3.18, 3.25, 1.31, 15.59, P < 0.05). Gender, education level, depth of wells, water arsenic, total number of wells and nail arsenic were the influencing factors of urinary iAs (β = - 20.47, - 25.90, 0.64, 0.25, 7.87, 3.11, P < 0.05). Age, gender, education level, water arsenic and nail arsenic were the influencing factors of urinary MMA V (β = 0.52, - 17.07, - 21.84, 0.22, 2.77, P < 0.05). Age, depth of wells, water arsenic and nail arsenic were the influencing factors of urinary DMA V (β = 2.35, 2.47, 0.85, 9.22, P < 0.05). Conclusions:Compared with healthy individuals, there are differences in arsenic metabolism pattern among individuals with drinking-water-borne arsenic poisoning. Age, gender, education level, depth of wells, water arsenic, total number of wells and nail arsenic may be influencing factors of different arsenic metabolism patterns.

Steaming is one of the commonly used methods in the processing of Chinese materia medica,which can be used to change the medicinal properties,expand the scope of use,enhance the efficacy,reduce side effects and facilitate slicing.By reviewing ancient herbal texts and literature,this article summarized the historical development of TCM steaming:from the Spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period,it has mainly gone through the stages of germination,growth,maturity,and prosperity.It further sorted out the research progress of modern steaming from the aspects of steaming technology,chemical composition and drug effect changes before and after steaming,and analyzed and discussed the establishment of quality standards of steamed products and the development of traditional and modern processing techniques,with a view to clarifying the mechanism of steaming,and providing basis for standardizing steaming technology,improving the quality standards of steamed decoction pieces and rational clinical application.

Objective Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein （ORM） was a new target for the development of weight loss drugs. To search for potential weight loss drugs that could target ORM from the compound library of already marketed drugs based on drug repurposing. Methods The pGL4.20-ORM1 promoter recombinant plasmid was contructed and validated, and then a lentiviral vector was utilized to establish stable AML12 cell lines expressing ORM1 promoter-LUC-PURO. This cell line was employed for high-throughput screening of compounds from the marketed drug library, and the luminescence value of the cells was characterized by enzyme marker. Results Primary screening and secondary screening of 1 470 compounds identified 42 compounds that increased ORM1 promoter expression and could be used for further weight loss effect assessment. Conclusion This study successfully constructed LV-AML12-ORM1 promoter-LUC-PURO stable expression cell lines using lentiviral vectors, laying a foundation for efficient and stable screening of weight loss drugs targeting ORM.

Taking chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） as an example， the frontier technologies in data science have been introduced into the inheritance， innovation and development of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， providing reference for conducting real-world clinical research on specialized diseases of TCM. This paper put forward the construction of CAG data science system by elaborating the connotation of data science and its application value in TCM， and discussed the path to build CAG data science system， namely through "data acquisition-knowledge expression-knowledge reasoning" to establish CAG database， knowledge base and develop diagnosis platform differentiating diseases and syndromes. Besides， this paper analyzed the prospects of CAG data science in improving data governance ability and knowledge discovery efficiency， deepening the level of knowledge sharing， promoting interdisciplinary integration， and strengthening the integration process of industry， academia and research.