Objective:To explore the metabolic basis and related molecular mechanism of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)path-ogenesis.Methods:20 Chinese hamsters were divided into 2 groups(n=10).OSCC models were induced by dimethylbenzanthracene(DMBA)in 10 of the animals and the other 10 were used as the controls.LC-MS chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to iden-tify the metabolites in the buccal pouch,and multidimensional statistical analysis of the metabolites was performed with the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis model.Variable Importance for the Projection(VIP)＞1 and P＜0.05 were used as the criteria to screen the differential metabolites between the 2 groups.KEGG pathway annotation and enrichment analysis for the metabolites were performed to screen the significantly differential pathways.Results:The hamster cheek pouches painted with 0.5％DMBA for 18 weeks were diffused with leukoplakia and loaded obvious papillary protrusions,which were diagnosed as OSCC by pathological examination.Lipids and lipid-like molecules were the main differential metabolites.Reprogramming of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis,cholesterol accumulation,enhanced catabolism of tryptophan,up-regulation of aspartate,increased synthesis of pyrimidine and purine,etc.were important metabolic features in the occurrence and development of OSCC.Conclusion:Molecular intervention targeting the related met-abolic pathways is expected to inhibit OSCC pathogenesis and progression.

Objective To investigate the effects of long-term exposure to three new types of light emitting diode (LED) sources on the behavior, learning, and memory of rats. Methods A total of 160 specific pathogen-free SD rats were divided into eight groups as followed, trichromatic fluorescent lamps color temperature control group, violet-chip full-spectrum white LED group, blue-chip white LED group, and blue-chip full-spectrum white LED group based on the light sources types, with color temperature of 4 000 K and 6 500 K groups in each group using the 4×2 factorial design. There were 20 rats in each group, with half of the rats were males and half females. Rats were exposed to artificial lighting, and the illumination was set at 750 lx. The rats in each group were exposed to different lighting environments for 12 hours per day for 24 weeks. The open-field and step-down tests were conducted in rats after 24 weeks exposure, followed by sacrifice of rats and measurement of organ coefficients. Differences in body weight, organ coefficients, and neurobehavioral indexes of rats in different groups were compared. Results The spleen coefficient of female rats decreased in blue-chip white LED of 6 500 K color temperature group, and the liver coefficient of male rats decreased in the violet-chip full-spectrum white LED of 4 000 K color temperature, blue-chip full-spectrum white LED of 4 000 K color temperature, and blue-chip full-spectrum white LED of 6 500 K color temperature groups, compared with the same-sex rats in trichromatic fluorescent lamps with same-color temperature control group (all P<0.05). The result of different types of light sources compared in the open-field test showed that the index of total distance and movement speed of female rats in the blue-chip full-spectrum white LED group were lower than those in the other three groups, and the time cost to the central area was longer than that in the blue-chip white LED group and the violet-chip full-spectrum white LED group (all P<0.05). The total distance and movement speed of male rats in the blue-chip full-spectrum white LED group were longer or higher than those in the violet-chip full-spectrum white LED group (all P<0.05). Based on the comparison of color temperature, the time and total distance of male rats in 6 500 K color temperature group were lower than that in the 4 000 K color temperature group (both P<0.05). In the step-down test, both male and female rats in the blue-chip full-spectrum white LED group made more errors compared with other three groups with the same gender (all P<0.05). Conclusion Based on the experimental conditions of this study, the blue-chip full-spectrum white light LED affects behavior, learning and memory of the rats, and trichromatic fluorescent lamp has the lowest effect on neurobehavior. The color temperature also affects behavior of the rats, and high color temperature has higher risk.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of fractional CO 2 laser for the treatment of vaginal relaxation syndrome. Methods:Twenty-one females with vaginal relaxation syndrome receiced between December 2016 and January 2017 in our department were treated for 3 times at 1 month interval with femilift fractional CO 2 laser. Vaginal palpation, vaginal squeeze pressure test, vaginal ultrasound, pelvic floor MRI, and Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form (ICIQ-SF) assessments were performed at baseline and at post-treatment. Results:Significant improvement in female sexual dysfunction and stress urinary incontinence was especially seen based on patient＇s feelings after treatments. A noted progressive differences were observed in FSFI and vaginal pressure test, which were much higher after treatment than before treatment ( P<0.01). Moreover, in 13 cases suffering from mild to moderate stress urinary incontinence (SUI), fractional CO 2 laser treatment was associated with a significant improvement of ICIQ-SF scores ( P<0.01). All subjects successfully completed the study with no adverse events such as infections, bleeding and pain, etc. Conclusions:Fractional CO 2 laser treatment is an effective treatment for female sexual dysfunction and stress urinary incontinence caused by vaginal relaxation syndrome.

Objective:To investigate nursing students' attitudes toward death and hospice care before they start clinical practice, analyze the correlation between the two attitudes and compare their differences in junior and regular nursing college students.Methods:A cross-sectional study was adopted to investigate the attitudes toward death and hospice care in 232 senior nursing students at school. Instruments included the Chinese version of the Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R) and the Chinese version of the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale-Form B (FATCOD-B). Pearson correlation analysis and independent t-test were used to analyze the data.Results:The mean scores of the 5 dimensions of death attitude were neutral acceptance (4.10±0.43), fear of death (2.76±0.66), death avoidance (2.73±0.74), approach acceptance (2.61±0.58), and escape acceptance (2.48±0.75), respectively. The total score of hospice care attitude was (107.63±8.45), which was negatively correlated with fear of death ( r=-0.247, P<0.01), death avoidance ( r=-0.278, P<0.01), and escape acceptance ( r=-0.145, P<0.05) scores and positively correlated with neutral acceptance score ( r=0.405, P<0.01). The death avoidance score of regular nursing college students was significantly lower than that of junior nursing college students ( t=-2.043, P<0.05), and the hospice care attitude score of regular nursing college students was significantly higher that of junior nursing college students ( t=2.639, P<0.01). Conclusion:There is a big room to improve nursing students' attitudes toward death and hospice care. Strengthening end-of-life care education is imperative.

Objective: To estimate the effective dose burden to the public in Suzhoui induced by medical exposure from computed tomography (CT) and digital radiography (DR). Methods: Twenty-seven hospitals were selected by stratified random sampling. The application information was colleted from picture archiving and communication system (PACS) and radiology information system (RIS). For DR, DAP was measured by the dose-area product meter in different body parts, then the effective dose values were calculated by the DAP. For CT, effective dose was estimated by measuring CT dose index weighted (CTDI_w) and scanning parameters in different parts of the body. The public dose burden caused by DR and CT medical exposure in Suzhou was estimated according to the scanning time and effective dose to each part. Results: The effective dose due to DR examination was abdomen AP 0.565 mSv, pelvis AP 0.280 mSv, skull LAT 0.016 mSv, skull AP 0.012 mSv, chest LAT 0.111 mSv, chest AP 0.060 mSv, thoracic spine LAT 0.100 mSv, thoracic spine AP 0.102 mSv, lumbar spine LAT 0.307 mSv and lumbar spine AP 0.152 mSv, respectively. The effective doses from CT scanning were 1.33 mSv for head, 5.75 mSv for thorax and 7.31 mSv for abdomen, respectively. The annual collective effective dose in Suzhou in 2017 from DR exposures and CT scans was 9 593.07 man·Sv, and the average annual effective dose was 0.898 mSv. Conclusions The contribution of CT medical radiation to the public dose is much greater than that of DR. Controlling the frequency of medical exposure and single scan dose is an effective way to reduce the public dose burden. The public dose burden from DR and CT medical exposure in Suzhou is at a high level and attention needs to be paid by relevant health administrative departments.

Coculture between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes has significant implications in cartilage regeneration. However, a conclusive understanding remains elusive. Previously, we reported that rabbit bone marrow-derived MSCs (rbBMSCs) could downregulate the differentiated phenotype of rabbit articular chondrocytes (rbACs) in a non-contact coculture system for the first time. In the present study, a systemic investigation was performed to understand the biological characteristics of chondrocytes in coculture with MSCs. Firstly, cells (MSCs and chondrocytes) from different origins were cocultured in transwell system. Different chondrocytes, when cocultured with different MSCs respectively, consistently demonstrated stimulated proliferation, transformed morphology and declined glycosaminoglycan secretion of chondrocytes. Next, cell surface molecules and the global gene expression of rbACs were characterized. It was found that cocultured rbACs showed a distinct surface molecule profile and global gene expression compared to both dedifferentiated rbACs and rbBMSCs. In the end, cocultured rbACs were passaged and induced to undergo the chondrogenic redifferentiation. Better growth and chondrogenesis ability were confirmed compared with control cells without coculture. Together, chondrocytes display comprehensive changes in coculture with MSCs and the cocultured rbACs are beneficial for cartilage repair.
Cartilage ; Chondrocytes ; Chondrogenesis ; Coculture Techniques ; Gene Expression ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Phenotype ; Population Characteristics ; Regeneration

Objective To investigate the effect of Liensinine on lipopolysaccharide ( LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Methods BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six group: control group, LPS group, LPS+Liensinine (2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg) groups, and dexamethasone group. Acute lung injury in mice was induced by nasal instillation of LPS. After 12 h, the pathological changes of lung tissue were observed. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by ELISA. The number of neutrophils in BALF was detected using Wright-Giemsa staining. Total protein content was detected by BCA protein quantification assay. The pulmonary capillary permeability was examined with Evans blue. The MPO activity, MDA content, SOD activity, and GSH content in lung homogenate supernatant were detected by spectrophotometry. The content of ROS in lung tissue was detected by flow cytometry. Results The LPS group showed inflammatory cell infiltration, thickening of bronchial alveolar wall and pulmonary congestion in the lung tissue, while Liensinine improved the lung injury. In the LPS group, the contents of TNF- α, IL-6 and IL-1β in BALF were significantly increased, the number of neutrophils and the content of total protein were significantly increased, pulmonary capillary permeability, MPO activity and MDA content were increased, SOD activity and GSH content were decreased, the content of ROS was increased; while the Liensinine group reduced the contents of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β in BALF, reduced the number of neutrophils and total protein content, decreased the pulmonary capillary permeability, attenuated MPO activity and MDA contents and increased SOD activity and GSH content, and reduced ROS content in the LPS-challenged lung tissue. Conclusions Liensinine protects mice from LPS-induced acute lung injury by its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities.

Objective To study the expression and significance of EGFR, PDCD4, TGF-β1, Smad3, Smad7 in oral normal mucosa, oral simple hyperplasia, oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinomas(OSCC).Methods Serum levels of EGFR, PDCD4 were measeured with ELISA in Chinese hamster during the oral mucosa carcinogenesis;The expressions of TGF-β1, Smad3, Smad7 in oral normal mucosa, oral simple hyperplasia, oral epithelial dysplasia and OSCC tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry.Results In the process of oral carcinogenesis,the expression level of EGFR increased significantly,while the expression of PDCD4 was decreased, the negatively correlation was evident between expression of these two proteins in ED and SCC.The expression of TGF-β1, Smad7 was higher in OSCC than in oral normal mucosa, oral simple hyperplasia, oral epithelial dysplasia(P < 0.05), while the expression of Smad3 was decreased.Further analysis showed the expression of TGF-β1 was correlated with the expression of Smad7.Conclusions The expressions of EGFR, PDCD4, TGF-β1, Smad3, Smad7 are closely related with the biological behaviors of oral squamous cell cancinoma.This experiment provides a theoretical basis for the study of oral squamous cell carcinomas mechanism research.So it has important significance for the development and prognosis of oral squamous carcinomaare.

Chinese hamster is an important laboratory animal in medical and biological researches,but the molecular genetic markers research was rarely reported.In our study the base composition,gene structure,genetic evolution and other characteristics of mitochondrial genome of Chinese hamster were analyzed using the methods of bioinformatics and comparative genomics,genetic quality detection system of Chinese hamster were also established.These results would supply genome data for animal models of human diseases,and lay the foundation for scientific evaluation and reasonable utilization.

Objective: To study the effects of subchronic aluminum exposure on LTP and activities of RAS and ERK in rats in vivo. Methods: 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group、low-dose group、medium-dose group and high-dose group, and received saline (control group) or Al (mal) ₃ (15 μmol、kg、30 μmol、kg or 45 μmol/kg) via intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) for 8 weeks, respectively. The fEPSP in CA1 region were recorded by field potentiation technique in vivo and the hippocampal activities of RAS and ERK were examined by ELISA. Results: The fEPSP amplitudes of the control group were 1.90±0.19, 1.64±0.15 and 1.54±0.08 at 1, 30 and 60 min after HFS, respectively. The fEPSP amplitudes of the low-dose group were 1.40±0.06 at 60 min, which represented a statistically significant decrease compared to the control group (P<0.05) ; these values at 30min and 60min dropped to 1.33±0.20 and 1.12±0.07 in the medium-dose group (P<0.05) and further decreased to 1.05±0.05 and 0.91±0.10 in the high-dose group (P<0.05) . And the activity dose-dependent decreases were observed both in RAS and ERK: compared with the control group and the low-dose group, the activities of RAS and ERK of the medium-dose and high-dose group significantly decreased (P<0.05) and compared with the medium-dose group, the activities of the high-dose group statistically dropped (P<0.05) . Conclusion RAS and ERK may be related to the suppression of LTP by subchronic aluminum exposure and the RAS-MAPK transduction pathway may be involved in the damage of learning and memory induced by aluminum.