ObjectiveTo investigate the molecular mechanism by which Si Junzitang in intervening in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） by regulating the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification （O-GlcNAcylation） of nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） p65 in the paracancerous tissues. MethodThe orthotopic liver cancer mouse model was established. Twenty-four C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups： Normal group， model group， Si Junzitang low-dose group （10 g·kg^-1）， and Si Junzitang high-dose group （25 g·kg^-1）， with 6 mice in each group. The O-GlcNAcylation level and phosphorylation modification level of p65 in the paracancerous tissues were detected using Western blot. The O-GlcNAcylation of p65 was assessed using immunoprecipitation （IP）. The mRNA expression of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁）， vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGFA）， matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2）， matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） in the paracancerous tissues was detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The tumor number， liver weight， locomotor activity， grip strength， and Qi status of the mice were observed and analyzed. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed a significant decrease in O-GlcNAcylation in the paracancerous tissues （P<0.01）， a significant decrease in p65 O-GlcNAcylation （P<0.01）， a significant increase in p65 phosphorylation （P<0.01）， significantly elevated mRNA levels of cytokines IL-6， TNF-α， TGF-β₁， VEGFA， MMP-2， and MMP-9 （P<0.01）， significantly increased liver weight （P<0.01）， significantly declined grip strength， number of grid crossings， and number of vertical stand-ups （P<0.01）， and significantly dwindled Qi status （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， the Si Junzitang low-dose and high-dose groups showed significantly increased levels of O-GlcNAcylation in the paracancerous tissues （P<0.05， P<0.01）， significantly upregulated p65 O-GlcNAcylation levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and significantly decreased p65 phosphorylation levels （P<0.01）. In the Si Junzitang low-dose group， the mRNA levels of IL-6， TGF-β₁， and VEGFA significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In the Si Junzitang high-dose group， the mRNA levels of IL-6， TNF-α， TGF-β₁， VEGFA， MMP-2， and MMP-9 significantly decreased （P<0.01）， the number of tumors larger than 3 mm in diameter significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and liver weight significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Additionally， grip strength， number of grid crossings， and number of vertical stand-ups significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， along with a significant increase in qi status （P<0.01）. ConclusionSi Junzitang can inhibit the progression of orthotopic HCC in mice， which may be achieved by increasing the O-GlcNAcylation level in the paracancerous tissues， enhancing the O-GlcNAcylation of p65， inhibiting the phosphorylation modification of p65， and ultimately suppressing the expression of downstream IL-6， TNF-α， TGF-β₁， VEGFA， MMP-2， and MMP-9.

Objective To analyze the occupational hazards and protective measures for personnel in an iodine-125(¹²⁵I) seed source production company. Methods In 2022, a ¹²⁵I seed source production enterprise in Guangdong Province was selected as the research subject. The occupational hazards in the workplace of the research subject was identified using the system engineering analysis method. The FLUAK program based on Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the blocking protection of the production of the ¹²⁵I seed source, and to estimate the dose of internal and external irradiation of seed source that affected workers. Results The main occupational radiation hazards in the seed production were non-sealed radioactive materials, including external irradiation from X-ray and γ ray and internal irradiation from aerosols formed by iodine volatilization. Estimated maximum dose equivalent rate around the chest and eye lens for workers were 0.52 and 0.02 μSv/h, respectively. The expected annual effective dose for workers in each work site was 0.035 mSv, and the expected annual equivalent dose to the eye lens for all workers in various work sites was 0.001 mSv. The maximum annual equivalent dose of operator's hand was 80.620 mSv. The maximum dose of internal irradiation to the worker was 18.750 mSv, which was caused by the volatilization of nuclides. Conclusion With effective protection measures for internal and external irradiation in place, the annual exposure doses for seed production personnel and operator’s hand are below the national limits. Adequate measures should be taken on hand protection.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common complications after liver transplantation. The survival rate of recipients after liver transplantation with diabetes mellitus and the long-term survival rate of grafts are significantly lower than those of their counterparts without diabetes mellitus. In recent years, diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation has attracted widespread attention along with the rapid development of liver transplantation in China. Although post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) has been extensively investigated in the past two decades, multiple problems remain to be further resolved. The study was designed to review the latest research progress upon diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation, covering the definition and diagnostic criteria of PTDM, risk factors, prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation, aiming to deepen the understanding of diabetes mellitus following liver transplantation, deliver effective prevention and management, improve the long-term survival rate and enhance the quality of life of the recipients.

Objective To evaluate the clinical experience of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment on two cases of infection with the critical Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) complicated by fulminant myocarditis (FM) . Methods This study selects two COVID-19 cases comorbid with fulminant myocarditis and had been treated with ECMO in Shenzhen Third People's Hospital from January 2020 to February 2020. We compare the index of inflammation, immunization, D-dimer and lactic acid before and after ECMO treatment in 24 and 96 hours, cardiopulmonary function before and after ECMO treatment in 24, 48, 72, 96 hours,. We also analyze the complications and clinical outcomes of the two cases during the ECMO treatment. Results Both patients were elderly obese men with chronic cardiopulmonary disease. Comparing the laboratory test results and imaging data of the two patients, the acute lung injury score, oxygenation index, albumin level, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, lactate and lactate dehydrogenase levels in 2 patients after ECMO treatment were improved as compared with those before ECMO treatment. Finally, case 1 died of multiple organ failure and his cardiac function continued to deteriorate, while, case 2 successfully withdrew and his cardiac function gradually improved. Conclusions For critical COVID-19 patients with fulminant myocarditis, ECMO treatment can improve pulmonary function in the short term, provide valuable time for rescuing COVID-19 patients with fulminant myocarditis.

Objective:To evaluate the teaching effect of moral education materials implied in scientific research cases in the teaching of "Experimental Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)".Methods:The moral education materials implied in scientific research cases of "Experimental TCM" were extracted and skillfully integrated into the teaching of professional knowledge. A questionnaire survey was conducted with questions as "whether it is good to demonstrate the potential humanistic spirit by case teaching, whether this helps improve your interest in science and whether this teaching form affects your study, life and work attitude in the future" "Ten specific items from scientists' moving deeds that touch students and their recognitions" to assess the teaching effect.Results:95.8 percent of students affirmed this teaching form and thought it helped improve their interest in scientific exploration. 87.5 percent of students considered the humanistic spirit would affect their study, life and work in the future. 77.1-89.6 percent of students held a positive attitude to the ten items derived from the scientists' moving stories. Among these items, the percentages of the two items, "the spirit of being able to endure loneliness, work hard to make contributions selflessly without seeking for rewards or reputations" and "having respect forpeople and their scientific research achievements with courage to challenge the authorities of scientific research" are the lowest and highest, respectively.Conclusion:It is good to apply the moral education materials implied in the scientific research cases in the teaching of "Experimental TCM", which basically achieves the teaching goal, but there is still room for improvement.

Experimental Traditional Chinese Medicine is an emerging discipline that plays an important role in cultivating innovative talents of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In recent years, with the rapid development of TCM and the new requirements of positioning, and also combined with the college students' cognitive characteristics, we have revised and republished the "Experimental TCM" (Third Edition) textbook, which focuses on introducing knowledge by adopting relevant scientific research cases. This test book was used in the teaching of undergraduates of batch 2013 in the eight-year program in Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. After-class questionnaires showed that this teaching mode, guided by scientific research case, is not only helpful for students to develop their quality and ability of adopting modern experimental methods initially in the study and development of TCM, but also able to spread the great achievements of TCM researches. The teaching mode is also conducive to enhancing students' sense of responsibility for the modernization of TCM. Therefore, it is suggested that the course of Experimental TCM should be promoted in the colleges and universities of TCM.

The ongoing pandemic of Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by a newly discovered β Coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). How long the adaptive immunity triggered by SARS-CoV-2 can last is of critical clinical relevance in assessing the probability of second infection and efficacy of vaccination. Here we examined, using ELISA, the IgG antibodies in serum specimens collected from 17 COVID-19 patients at 6-7 months after diagnosis and the results were compared to those from cases investigated 2 weeks to 2 months post-infection. All samples were positive for IgGs against the S- and N-proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Notably, 14 samples available at 6-7 months post-infection all showed significant neutralizing activities in a pseudovirus assay, with no difference in blocking the cell-entry of the 614D and 614G variants of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, in 10 blood samples from cases at 6-7 months post-infection used for memory T-cell tests, we found that interferon γ-producing CD4
Adaptive Immunity/physiology* ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood* ; COVID-19/immunology* ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/blood* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology* ; T-Lymphocytes/physiology* ; Time Factors ; Viral Proteins/immunology*

Objective:To understand the genotyping and molecular epidemiological characteristics of Norovirus (NoV) GⅡ in adult acute gastroenteritis outpatients in Shanghai from 2015 to 2016.Methods:A total of 912 stool specimens from adult patients with acute diarrhea from March 2015 to December 2016 (431 in 2015 and 481 in 2016) were collected. The Norovirus GⅡ type was detected by one-step quantitative reverse transcription PCR assay and the RdRp region of open reading frame (ORF) 1 and 5′end of ORF2 were amplified. The region was sequenced and classified.Results:From March 2015 to December 2016, NoV GⅡ were detected in 17.76% (162/912) of the samples, 15.08% (65 /431) in 2015 and 20.17% (97/481) in 2016. Based on sequence analysis of the RdRp and capsid sequences, 145 identified NoV strains were divided into 10 genotypes: GⅡ.Pe_GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012 (60), GⅡ.P17_GⅡ.17 (45), GⅡ.P16_GⅡ.13 (10), GⅡ.P12_GⅡ.3 (10), GⅡ.P7_GⅡ.6 (9), GⅡ.P21_GⅡ.21 (5), GⅡ.P16_GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012 (2), GⅡ.Pe_GⅡ.17 (2), GⅡ.P2_GⅡ.2 (1), and GⅡ.P7_GⅡ.14 (1).Conclusions:The main epidemic NoV GⅡ genotype in Shanghai was GⅡ.P17_GⅡ.17 in the spring of 2015. GⅡ.Pe_GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012 and GⅡ.P17_GⅡ.17 were identified as predominant genotypes during the winter of 2015 and spring of 2016. The most common genotype was GⅡ.Pe_GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012 in autumn of 2016. Continuous NoV outbreak surveillance is important for identifying changing trends in genotype distribution and emerging new strains.

Objective:To explore the anxiety state of the main caregivers of dementia patients and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:The convenient sampling method was adopted to select 220 main caregivers of dementia patients who were outpatients and inpatients in a ClassⅢ Grade A specialty hospital in Jiangsu province from January to October 2019. The self-developed General Information Questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and disease-related data of caregivers and patients. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) , Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) , Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Activity of Daily Living (ADL) were used to measure the anxiety status of the main caregivers and its influencing factors.Results:220 questionnaires were distributed, and valid questionnaires were 212. HAMA score of 212 main caregivers was (7.45±2.86) , and the incidence of anxiety was 55.19% (117/212) . The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the seven independent variables entered the regression equation. According to the regression coefficients in descending order, they were the medical payment method (self-pay, medical insurance) , whether the patient had mental symptoms, whether the main caregivers had support, the education level of the main caregivers, the neurotic personality characteristics of the main caregivers, the total score of MMSE and the total score of ADL. All of them were independent influencing factors of the anxiety of main caregivers, explaining 33.3% variation of the anxiety of the main caregivers ( F=8.512, P<0.001) . Conclusions:There is a high incidence of anxiety among caregivers of dementia patients. In the process of clinical nursing, nurses should focus on caregivers who have neurotic tendency and high education level and has no social support. They should pay attention to the independent influencing factors such as the medical expenses of the caregivers who are mainly paid at their own expense, the impaired ADL ability of patients, lower total score of MMSE and patients accompanied with mental symptoms, and take active interventions to improve the anxiety of caregivers.

Objective: To analyze the changes in the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and inflammatory cytokines and to investigate the role of HIF-1α in regulating the production of inflammatory cytokines during influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. Methods: BALB/c mice were injected with H1N1 virus to establish the mouse model of H1N1 virus infection. Fifteen BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group, H1N1 virus group and H1N1 virus+ HIF-1α inhibitor group. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10) in samples of serum and lung tissues were detected by Luminex and ELISA. Levels of HIF-1α in serum and lung tissue samples were detected by Western blot and ELISA, respectively. Results: Compared with the control group, the levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10) and lung tissues (IL-6 and TNF-α) and the expression of HIF-1α in serum and lung tissues in the H1N1 virus group were significantly increased. The levels of HIF-1α, IL-6, TNF-α IL-1β and IL-10 in lung tissues in H1N1 virus+ HIF-1α inhibitor group were significantly lower than those of the H1N1 virus group. Conclusion During H1N1 virus infection, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and HIF-1α were significantly increased. The production of inflammatory cytokines was significantly reduced after inhibiting HIF-1α expression, suggesting that HIF-1α might promote the production of inflammatory cytokines.