Objective: To investigate the longitudinal association of plasma Irisin concentrations with changes in blood pressure (BP) levels among children,and to assess the moderating effect of physical activity (PA) or sedentary behavior (SB) on the relationship between Irisin levels and BP. Methods: Based on a cohort study, a cluster sampling method was used to select 3 651 school aged children from five schools in Guangzhou in 2017 at the baseline survey and follow up in 2019. Both at baseline and during follow up, PA and SB were assessed by validated questionnaires, and BP levels were measured by an electronic sphygmomanometer. A final sample of 521 children were enrolled based on the PA and SB at baseline. Plasma Irisin concentrations were measured by ELISA at baseline. Logistic regression analysis was recruited for exploring the associations of plasma Irisin concentrations with changes in BP. Moderating effects of PA and SB on the relationship between Irisin concentrations and BP were estimated using stratified analysis. Results: Logistic regression analysis indicated that there was no significant association between Irisin concentrations and changes in BP levels among children ( OR =0.98, P >0.05). After stratification for SB, Irisin levels in the low SB subgroup were inversely associated with changes in diastolic blood pressure ( OR=0.87, 95%CI=0.77-0.98, P =0.02). In addition, SB level had a moderating effect on the relationship between Irisin levels and the DBP changes ( P =0.01). Conclusion Increased Irisin concentration is associated with the decrease of DBP level among low SB children. Furthermore, SB level shows moderating role in the relationship between Irisin concentrations and changes in DBP levels.

AIM: To explore the possible mechanism of Radix Tetrastigma (RT) on anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: The rat model of RA was established by intradermal injection of complete Freund]s adjuvant into the right hind foot of SD rats. RT Extract with different dosage was continuous intragastric administration for 3 weeks, then, the degree of foot swelling, arthritis index score, joint heat and grip of each rat was measured respectively. ELISA was used to detect the expression levels of Interleukin (IL) 6, IL-17, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, and rheumatoid factor. Fully automatic hemorheometer was applied to measure hemorheology indexes. The number of CD4

Objective To evaluate the effect and mechanism of cysteine rich protein 61, namely CCN family member 1(CCN1) on the survival of adipose tissues in rats after autologous fat grafting. Methods At 1 week after the establishment of autologous fat grafting rat models, all animals were randomly divided into the CCN1 group (n=20) and control group (n=20). The survival of fat grafts, the morphology of fat graft tissues, the proportion of active adipocytes and the number of new blood vessels of rats were statistically compared between two groups. The levels of differential expressed messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in the fat graft tissues of rats were compared between two groups by high-throughput sequencing and subsequently subject to cluster analysis. The expression levels of related proinflammatory cytokines of fat graft tissues of rats were statistically compared between two groups. Results The weight retention rate of adipose tissues in the CCN1 group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). In the CCN1 group, the integrity of adipocytes was considerably higher, the degree of vesiculation and vacuolation, the degree of inflammatory cell aggregation and the degree of fibrosis were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P < 0.000 1). Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that the proportion of active adipocytes with uniform morphology was higher in the CCN1 group, whereas the proportion of active adipocytes was lower and the cells were observed in different sizes accompanied by vesiculation in the control group. Compared with the control group, the quantity of new blood vessels was significantly higher, and the expression levels of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) mRNA were remarkably higher in the CCN1 group (all P < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the data at the transcriptome levels significantly differed between two groups. In the CCN1 group, the gene expression levels of cell surface markers, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines related to M1 macrophages tended to decline. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) revealed that the mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1 and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 in the CCN1 group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.01-0.05). Conclusions During autologous fat grafting, supplement of exogenous CCN1 may effectively promote the neovascularization of adipose tissues and improve the survival rate of fat graft probably by mediating the transformation of macrophages into M2 phenotype via down-regulating the TLR2 expression level.

Objective: To examine the association of sedentary behaviors with visual acuity among primary school children, and to provide a reference basis for the prevention and control of poor vision. Methods: Using stratified random cluster sampling method, a total of 4 969 students in grade 1-4 were selected from 5 primary schools in Guangzhou in 2017, and then were followed up in 2019. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data on children s sedentary behaviors, including doing homework, watching TV, playing computer/video games, and taking the bus/car between home and school. Visual acuity was measured in the baseline and the follow up using a 5 m standard logarithmic visual acuity chart. Multiple linear regression and Logistic regression were conducted to analyze the relationship between sedentary behaviors and visual changes. Results: The two year cumulative incidence of poor vision was 48.74%. Homework time was inversely associated with visual acuity of left eye( β=-0.012, 95%CI =-0.023- -0.002 ). Homework time was positively correlated with poor vision( OR =1.16, 95% CI =1.05-1.27). However, total sedentary time, screen time and bus/car time were not statistically associated with changes in visual acuity( P >0.05). Conclusion Increased homework time was associated with poorer vision in primary school students. Interventions to reduce the academic burden should be taken.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features and pathogenic genes of a family with osteosclerosis. Methods: Six patients and six family members from a family in Jiangsu were tested for biochemical parameters, bone metabolic markers, bone mineral density, thoracolumbar anterior lateral slices, skull positive lateral radiographs, and pelvic plain films. Meanwhile, Sanger sequencing was performed to detect gene mutations of the proband and five other family members with high bone mass. The conformation of the mutational low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) protein was predicted by SWISS-MODEL. Results: Four adult patients (one male and three females) were tall, with mandibular enlargement and kyphosis in the center of the lower jaw, and none of the four had fractures. Their X ray examination revealed that the skull and long bone cortex was thickened, while the sella and mandible was enlarged. In addition, the absolute values of bone mineral density at each site of all patients were significantly higher as compared with the standard age- and sex-matched adults or adolescent mean reference values, with Z scores of L2-4, femoral neck and total hip being (6.31±4.03) SD, (6.56±2.36) SD, and (7.19±2.03) SD, respectively. The results of genetic sequencing revealed that all six patients carried a heterozygous mutation (c.331G>T; D111Y) in exon 2 of LRP5 gene, while other family members showed wild type (c.331G>G; D111D). Functional prediction indicated that this mutation was located at the amino acid terminal of exon 2 of LRP5 gene, which encodes the first β-helix-generating region of LRP5 protein. Conclusion The D111Y mutation in LRP5 gene leads to a clinical phenotype characterized by benign increased bone mineral density without increasing the risk of fracture. This mutation may further affect the downstream Wnt signaling pathway by altering the spatial structure of LRP5 protein, thereby promoting maturation and differentiation of osteoblasts and resulting in osteosclerosis.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and to explore the relationship of MS with screen time (ST) among children aged 6-13 years in Guangzhou, China. Methods: A total of 4 523 children aged 6-13 from 5 primary schools in Guangzhou were selected using stratified random cluster sampling method. Questionnaire was used to assess children’s basic demographic characteristics and ST. Children’s height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured objectively, and their blood glucose, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were tested. -Chi-square test was performed to compare the prevalence of MS in children among different ST levels. Logistic regression model was used to explore the association between ST and MS. Results: The prevalence of MS in children was 2.4%, and that among boys (3.0%) was higher than in girls (1.7%, P=0.01). children were classified into three groups according to duration of ST: low ST (less than 1 h), moderate ST (1-2 h), high ST (higher than 2 h, 9.0% of total participants). Prevalence of central obesity, triacylglycerol and MS in high ST group was significantly higher than children with low ST(P<0.05). Children with high level of ST showed higher risks of central obesity (OR=1.43, 95%CI=1.04-1.96) and MS (OR=1.94, 95%CI=1.11-3.40) compared with low-level ST group. Conclusion Higher level of screen time associates with an increased risk of MS in children, which suggest the importance of effective early intervention.

Objective To assess the relationships between area strain (AS) and eccentric index (EI) of atherosclerotic plaques as seen by intravascular ultrasonic elastography (IVUSE),and to reveal the effect of EI on the plaques stability.Methods Forty purebred New Zealand rabbits were fed with a high-cholesterol diet;the abdominal aorta endothelium was balloon-injured after 2 weeks;at the end of week 12,2 plaques with moderate echo from each rabbit were chosen for in situ imaging,and 2 consecutive frames near the end-diastole images in situ were used to construct an IVUS elastogram.Results The eccentric plaques showed significantly greater area stain (AS) than the centripetal plaques [4.77(2.92,8.01)% vs 3.27(2.15,4.82)%,P=0.029] with smaller plaque area and plaque burden (P<0.05).The plaque AS was positively correlated with EI (r=0.392,P=0.003).The eccentric plaques showed significantly greater AS in the shoulder than in body [4.98(3.17,8.48)% vs 4.64(2.51,5.92)%,P=0.008].Conclusions The EI is one of influential factors on plaque AS.Eccentric plaques may be more vulnerable than centripetal plaques,especially in the shoulder of eccentric plaques which have greater AS than their body.

Objective To assess the relationship between plaque burden (PB) and area strain (AS) by intravascular ultrasonic elastography (IVUSE).Methods Forty purebred New Zealand rabbits were fed with a high-cholesterol diet.And the abdominal aorta endothelium was balloon-injured after 2 weeks.At the end of the 12th week,2 plaques with moderate echo from each rabbit were chosen for in situ imaging,and 2 consecutive frames near the end-diastole images in situ were used to construct an IVUS elastogram.Cross-sectional external elastic membrane area (EEMare),lumen area (Lumenarea),plaque area (PA),PB,external elastic membrane volume (EEMvolume),lumen volume (Lumenvolume),plaque volume (PV),plaque volume burden (PVB),maximal plaque thickness (Tmax) and minimal plaque thickness (Tmin),eccentric index (EI),remodeling index (RI) and AS were measured and calculated,respectively.According to the PB,the plaques were divided into low PB group (PB≤40 ％) and high PB group (PB＞ 40 ％).The differences of all above parameters between the two groups were compared,and the relationship between the plaque morphological and mechanical parameters were analyzed.Results PA,PV,PB,PVB,Tmin,Tmax,Lumenarea,Lumenvolume and EI were different between the 2 groups (all P＜0.01).On stepwise multiple regression analysis,the regression equation were built,(Y)=-6.921+10.430X1 +12.207X2((Y):AS,X1:EI,X2:PB,R2 =0.272,P＜0.001).After eliminating the effect of EI on the AS,the lower PB group had obviously smaller AS than higher PB group (P =0.010).Conclusion The PB has effect on plaque mechanical stability.The plaques with higher burden are more vulnerable than those with lower burden.

Objective To investigate the effect of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation on spatial memory and hippocampal cellular prion protein (PrPC) expression and to explore the underlying mechanism of cognitive impairment induced by sleep deprivation.Methods Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were sorted by weight,randomly divided into three groups:the cage control (CC) group,the tank control (TC) group,and the sleep deprivation (SD) group.Rats were deprived of REM sleep for 72 h using the modified multiple platform method.The Morris water maze task was used to assess hippocampal-dependent spatial memory.After sleep deprivation,the rats were sacrificed and their brain tissue was analyzed for PrPC protein expression via Western blotting.Hippocampal neuron axon elongation was examined as well after lentivector-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) of PrPC in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons.Results REM sleep deprivation for 72 h resulted in spatial memory impairment.The number of times of rats passing through the platform was decreased significantly in the SD group (3.17 ±0.95) compared with the CC (7.17 ±0.95) and TC (6.50 ±0.62) groups (Z =2.026 6,Z =2.026 6,P ＜0.05),the mean value of proximity to the platform (mm) was greater for rats of the SD group (711.74 ± 33.99) compared to those of theCC (592.32±31.31) andTC (580.86±11.36) groups (Z=-2.001 6,Z=-2.4820,P ＜ 0.05).REM sleep deprivation for 72 h resulted in reduced PrPC level in the hippocampus (0.33 ± 0.10) compared with the CC (1.01 ±0.33) and TC (0.96 ±0.27) groups (Z=2.152 9,Z=2.152 9,P ＜ 0.05).In primary cultured hippocampal neurons,axon elongation(μm) was inhibited 7 days in infected neurons (326.28 ± 12.53) compared with normal (555.00 ±30.43) or negative control (558.70 ±23.10) cells (Z =4.768 4,Z =4.877 0,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion These findings suggest that PrPC-mediated hippocampal neuron axon elongation inhibition is probably involved in spatial memory impairment induced by sleep deprivation in rats.

Objective In order to research the effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitor in combination with radiotherapy on the inhibi‐tion of breast cancer cells and breast cancer bearing nude mice .Methods Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to e‐valuate the inhibition of different concentrations of TKI on breast cancer cells ,the breast cancer cells was divided into three groups :the TKI treatment group ,the cells in the control group (no the TKI processing) and the control group (non‐TKI and X‐ray irradia‐tion group) .The sensitivity of the cells in each group to X‐ray was compared by colony formation assay .MCF7 cells were xenograf‐ted in athymic nude mice to establish the animal model ,which was used to evaluate the effect of anti‐cancer .Results Colony form‐ing test showed that the separated use of any concentrations of the TKI inhibitor could inhibit the breast cells ,and the cell viability was significantly reduced;TKI combined with X‐ray irradiation could significantly increase the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to radiation ,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0 .05) .Compared to TKI inhibitor or X‐ray irradiation alone ,the combi‐nation of TKI inhibitor with X‐ray irradiation could inhibit the growth of tumor effectively .Conclusion The TKI inhibitor in com‐bination with radiotherapy can effectively inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells ,which provides a new theoretical basis for the im‐plementation of the clinical breast cancer radio sensitization .