ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanisms of electroacupuncture at Fengchi （GB 20）， Waiguan （TE 5）， and Yanglingquan （GB 34） in treating chronic migraine from the perspective of nociceptive sensitization. MethodsForty SPF-grade SD rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， electroacupuncture group， electroacupuncture + agonist group， and inhibitor group， with 8 rats in each group. Except for the blank group， rats were injected intraperitoneally with nitroglycerin to establish a chronic migraine rat model. After successful modeling， the electroacupuncture group received electroacupuncture at bilateral "Fengchi" （GB 20）， "Waiguan" （TE 5）， and "Yanglingquan" （GB 34） for 30 minutes each session. The electroacupuncture + agonist group received the same electroacupuncture treatment and additional injection of protein kinase C （PKC） agonist Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate （1.0 ng/μl， 25 μl） via the infraorbital foramen. The inhibitor group received PKC inhibitor Chelerythrine Chloride （1.0 ng/μl， 10 μl） via the infraorbital foramen. The blank group， model group， and inhibitor group underwent restraint for 30 minutes without other interventions. All groups were continuously intervened for 5 days. After the intervention， the nociceptive thresholds （mechanical and thermal pain） of the periorbital area and hind paw were measured. The expression levels of transient receptor potential vanillic acid subtype 1 （TRPV1）， phosphorylated TRPV1 （p-TRPV1）， PKC proteins， Trpv1， Pkc mRNA， and the average fluorescence intensity of transient receptor potential vanillic acid subtype 1 （TRPV1） and PKC in the trigeminal ganglion were detected using Western Blot， real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR， and immunofluorescence methods. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the mechanical and thermal pain thresholds of the periorbital area and hind paw were reduced in the model group， and the protein levels of TRPV1， PKC， p-TRPV1， as well as the mRNA expression of Trpv1 and Pkc， and the average fluorescence intensity of TRPV1 and PKC in the trigeminal ganglion significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， the electroacupuncture group exhibited increased mechanical and thermal pain thresholds in the periorbital and hind paw areas， and decreased protein levels of TRPV1， PKC， p-TRPV1， mRNA expression of Trpv1 and Pkc， and average fluorescence intensity of TRPV1. In the electroacupuncture + agonist group， the average fluorescence intensity of TRPV1 in the trigeminal ganglion decreased. The inhibitor group exhibited increased mechanical pain thresholds in the periorbital area and thermal pain thresholds in the hind paw， along with decreased protein levels of TRPV1， PKC， p-TRPV1， and the average fluorescence intensity of TRPV1 and PKC （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the electroacupuncture group， the electroacupuncture + agonist group showed an increase in the protein levels of TRPV1， PKC， p-TRPV1， and the mRNA expression of Trpv1 （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. ConclusionElectroacupuncture at the "Fengchi" （GB 20）， "Waiguan" （TE 5）， and "Yanglingquan" （GB 34） acupoints can increase the mechanical and thermal pain thresholds in chronic migraine rats and alleviate nociceptive sensitization. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of PKC/TRPV1 pathway.

To guide transfusion practice in critically ill children who often need plasma and platelet transfusions, the Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative-Control/Avoidance of Bleeding (TAXI-CAB) developed Recommendations and Expert Consensus for Plasma and Platelet Transfusion Practice in Critically Ill Children. This guideline addresses 53 recommendations related to plasma and platelet transfusion in critically ill children with 8 kinds of diseases, laboratory testing, selection/treatment of plasma and platelet components, and research priorities. This paper introduces the specific methods and results of the recommendation formation of the guideline.

By systematically sorting out the theoretical origin， manipulation key points， and clinical applications of sparrow-pecking needling， it is believed that sparrow-pecking needling method involves performing small-amplitude， high-frequency lifting and thrusting of the needle tip in the original position， with heavy thrusting and light lifting， starting slowly and then becoming rapid， thus forming a characteristic needling sensation that spreads to the surroundings in a wavelike manner. The sparrow-pecking needling plays a role in stimulating the conduction of channel qi and regulating the circulation of qi and blood. Additionally， this paper summarized the clinical applications of sparrow-pecking needling in five aspects， regulating mind， regulating channel sinews， regulating zang-fu organs， regulating ying-wei （nutrient and defense qi）， and regulating yang qi， so as to provide references for inheriting and expanding the theory and clinical application of sparrow-pecking needling.

Objective To investigate the effect of tritiated water on the immune system of zebrafish and its potential molecular mechanism. Methods Zebrafish embryos (2.5 to 3 hours post-fertilization [hpf]) were exposed to 3.7 × 10⁴ Bq/mL tritiated water (tritiated water group), and those exposed to E3 culture medium were used as the control group. The mortality rate, hatching rate, deformity rate, heart rate, body length, yolk sac area, neutrophil count in the tail, immune-related gene expression, and immune-related protein expression of zebrafish in the two groups were determined. Then transcriptome technology was used to further analyze the possible mechanism of tritiated water affecting the immune system of zebrafish. Results Compared with the control group, zebrafish at 72 hpf in the tritiated water group had no significant changes in the mortality rate, hatching rate, deformity rate, body length, and yolk sac area((t = 0.9045, 0.5000, 1.0000, 0.7238, 0.0337, P = 0.4169, 0.6433, 0.3739, 0.4785, 0.9735), but had significantly increased heart rate(t = 4.575，P = 0.002). At 4 days post-fertilization (dpf), the neutrophil count in the tail of zebrafish in the tritiated water group was significantly increased(t = 2.563，P = 0.0196), the mRNA expression of TNF-α was significantly decreased(t = 2.891, P = 0.045), the protein expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was significantly increased(t = 3.848, P = 0.018), and the protein expression of NLRP3 was significantly decreased(t = 14.98, P = 0.001). At 7 dpf, the neutrophil count in the tail and the protein expression levels of NF-κB, NLRP3, and interleukin-1β were significantly decreased(t = 3.772, 7.048, 15.620, 4.423, P = 0.014, 0.002, 0.0001, 0.012). Transcriptome sequencing revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the “neutrophil activation” and “platelet activation pathways” at 4 dpf and in the “neutrophil apoptosis”, “ferroptosis”, and “necroptosis” pathways at 7 dpf. Conclusion Tritiated water exposure induces a temporally dynamic immune response in zebrafish, potentially affecting immune homeostasis by regulating neutrophil activation and apoptosis, as well as the expression of NF-κB and NLRP3.

ObjectiveTransfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are a recently characterized and rapidly expanding class of small non-coding RNAs, typically ranging from 13 to 50 nucleotides in length. They are derived from mature or precursor tRNA molecules through specific cleavage events and have been implicated in a wide range of cellular processes. Increasing evidence indicates that tRFs play important regulatory roles in gene expression, primarily by interacting with target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to induce transcript degradation, in a manner partially analogous to microRNAs (miRNAs). However, despite their emerging biological relevance and potential roles in disease mechanisms, there remains a significant lack of computational tools capable of systematically predicting the interaction landscape between tRFs and their target mRNAs. Existing databases often rely on limited interaction features and lack the flexibility to accommodate novel or user-defined tRF sequences. The primary goal of this study was to develop a machine learning based prediction algorithm that enables high-throughput, accurate identification of tRF:mRNA binding events, thereby facilitating the functional analysis of tRF regulatory networks. MethodsWe began by assembling a manually curated dataset of 38 687 experimentally verified tRF:mRNA interaction pairs and extracting seven biologically informed features for each pair: (1) AU content of the binding site, (2) site pairing status, (3) binding region location, (4) number of binding sites per mRNA, (5) length of the longest consecutive complementary stretch, (6) total binding region length, and (7) seed sequence complementarity. Using this dataset and feature set, we trained 4 distinct machine learning classifiers—logistic regression, random forest, decision tree, and a multilayer perceptron (MLP)—to compare their ability to discriminate true interactions from non-interactions. Each model’s performance was evaluated using overall accuracy, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the corresponding area under the ROC curve (AUC). The MLP consistently achieved the highest AUC among the four, and was therefore selected as the backbone of our prediction framework, which we named tRF Prospect. For biological validation, we retrieved 3 high-throughput RNA-seq datasets from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) in which individual tRFs were overexpressed: AS-tDR-007333 (GSE184690), tRF-3004b (GSE197091), and tRF-20-S998LO9D (GSE208381). Differential expression analysis of each dataset identified genes downregulated upon tRF overexpression, which we designated as putative targets. We then compared the predictions generated by tRF Prospect against those from three established tools—tRFTar, tRForest, and tRFTarget—by quantifying the number of predicted targets for each tRF and assessing concordance with the experimentally derived gene sets. ResultsThe proposed algorithm achieved high predictive accuracy, with an AUC of 0.934. Functional validation was conducted using transcriptome-wide RNA-seq datasets from cells overexpressing specific tRFs, confirming the model’s ability to accurately predict biologically relevant downregulation of mRNA targets. When benchmarked against established tools such as tRFTar, tRForest, and tRFTarget, tRF Prospect consistently demonstrated superior performance, both in terms of predictive precision and sensitivity, as well as in identifying a higher number of true-positive interactions. Moreover, unlike static databases that are limited to precomputed results, tRF Prospect supports real-time prediction for any user-defined tRF sequence, enhancing its applicability in exploratory and hypothesis-driven research. ConclusionThis study introduces tRF Prospect as a powerful and flexible computational tool for investigating tRF:mRNA interactions. By leveraging the predictive strength of deep learning and incorporating a broad spectrum of interaction-relevant features, it addresses key limitations of existing platforms. Specifically, tRF Prospect: (1) expands the range of detectable tRF and target types; (2) improves prediction accuracy through multilayer perceptron model; and (3) allows for dynamic, user-driven analysis beyond database constraints. Although the current version emphasizes miRNA-like repression mechanisms and faces challenges in accurately capturing 5'UTR-associated binding events, it nonetheless provides a critical foundation for future studies aiming to unravel the complex roles of tRFs in gene regulation, cellular function, and disease pathogenesis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Baihuan Xiaoyao Decoction （Xiaoyaosan added with Lilii Bulbus and Albiziae Cortex） in alleviating depression-like behaviors of juvenile rats by regulating the polarization of microglia. MethodSixty juvenile SD rats were randomized into normal control， model， fluoxetine， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （5.36， 10.71， 21.42 g·kg^-1， respectively） Baihuan Xiaoyao decoction groups. The rat model of juvenile depression was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS）. The sucrose preference test （SPT） was carried out to examine the sucrose preference of rats. Forced swimming test （FST） was carried out to measure the immobility time of rats. The open field test （OFT） was conducted to measure the total distance， the central distance， the number of horizontal crossings， and the frequency of rearing. Morris water maze （MWM） was used to measure the escape latency and the number of crossing the platform. The immunofluorescence assay was employed to detect the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS， the polarization marker of M1 microglia） and CD206 （the polarization marker of M2 microglia）. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to determine the mRNA levels of iNOS， CD206， pro-inflammatory cytokines ［tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， interleukin （IL）-1β， and IL-6］ and anti-inflammatory cytokines （IL-4 and IL-10） in the hippocampus. Western blotting was employed to determine the protein levels of iNOS and CD206 in the hippocampus. The levels of IL-4 and IL-6 in the hippocampus were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ResultCompared with the normal control group， the model rats showed a reduction in sucrose preference （P<0.05）， an increase in immobility time （P<0.05）， decreased motor and exploratory behaviors （P<0.05）， and weakened learning and spatial memory （P<0.05）. In addition， the model rats showed up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of iNOS and mRNA levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， Baihuan Xiaoyao decoction increased the sucrose preference value （P<0.05）， shortened the immobility time （P<0.01）， increased the motor and exploratory behaviors （P<0.05）， and improved the learning and spatial memory （P<0.01）. Furthermore， the decoction down-regulated the positive expression and protein level of iNOS， lowered the levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 （P<0.01）， promoted the positive expression of CD206， and elevated the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 （P<0.01） in the hippocampus of the high dose group. Moreover， the high-dose Baihuan Xiaoyao decoction group had higher sucrose preference value （P<0.01）， shorter immobility time （P<0.01）， longer central distance （P<0.01）， stronger learning and spatial memory （P<0.01）， higher positive expression and protein level of iNOS （P<0.01）， lower levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， lower positive expression and mRNA level of iNOS （P<0.05）， and higher levels of IL-4 and IL-10 （P<0.05， P<0.01） than the fluoxetine group. ConclusionBaihuan Xiaoyao decoction can improve the depression-like behavior of juvenile rats by inhibiting the M1 polarization and promoting the M2 polarization of microglia in the hippocampus.

Fibrosis can occur in diverse tissue and organs and is the common outcome as multiple chronic diseases progress. It is characterized by over-activation of fibroblasts and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Targeting transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）， a classical signaling molecule in fibrosis， is currently a routine strategy for drug therapy of this disease. The use of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of fibrotic diseases has been supported by mature theories. The theories emphasize that the internally-accumulated pathogens and mixed deficiency-excess underlie the shared pathology of fibrotic diseases. Qi stagnation， blood stasis， phlegm turbidity， and mass accumulation are key pathological factors. "Yin suppression by Yang" is the core thought for treatment with TCM of the disease. Pharmacological investigations reveal the scientific nature of TCM in treating fibrotic diseases， namely multilevelled and multitargeted. In other words， it refers to networked regulation of signaling activities of fibrosis-related molecules such as TGF-β/Drosophila protein homolog （Smad）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）， Hedgehog， Wnt/β-catenin， and inflammatory cytokines， so as to inhibit fibroblast function and provide a promising insight into novel anti-fibrotic drug. This paper summarized the conventional understanding of fibrotic disease treatment with TCM and its mechanism of action by reviewing ancient literature and modern research reports， which offers an idea for follow-up research in this field.

Objective To explore the feasibility and short-term clinical efficacy of single segment thora-columbar tuberculosis treated with one-stage posterior approach lamina-sparing decompression.Methods A total of 11 patients with single segment thoracolumbar tuberculosis who underwent one-stage posterior ap-proach preservation of vertebral plate lesion removal,bone graft fusion,and internal fixation treatment in this hospital from September 2021 to June 2022 were selected.C-reactive protein(CRP)and erythrocyte sedimen-tation rate(ESR)were monitored to evaluate tuberculosis bacteremia and activity control,visual analogue scale(VAS)score and Oswestry disability index(ODI)were followed up to evaluate the improvement of clin-ical function,and the American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA)injury scale was used to evaluate neurologi-cal function,and the correction of kyphosis was followed up.Results All 11 patients were fully followed up.The average surgical duration is(270.91±45.98)minutes,and the average surgical bleeding is(522.72± 194.11)mL.During the follow-up period,none of the 11 patients experienced tuberculosis recurrence,and all 11 patients achieved bone graft fusion.The fusion time was 6-9 months after surgery with an average of(7.36±1.12)months.Two patients with preoperative nerve damage recovered after surgery.During the fol-low-up period,11 patients did not experience any complications related to surgery.The average CRP,ESR,ODI score,and VAS score of postoperative patients decreased compared to preoperative levels,and further de-creased at 12 months after surgery;The patient's kyphosis caused by thoracolumbar tuberculosis was correc-ted,and no obvious angle loss was found at the last follow-up(P＞0.05).Conclusion One-stage posterior ap-proach lamina-sparing decompression is a safe and effective method for treating single segment thoracolumbar tuberculosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of constant speed pump infusion of esmketamine on emergence agitation(EA)after target-controlled infusion of etomidate.Methods A total of 120 patients scheduled for middle ear tympanoplasty under target-controlled infusion of etomidate,61 males and 59 fe-males,aged 18-64 years,BMI 18-30 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,were randomly divided into two groups:the esmketamine group(group E)and the control group(group C),60 patients in each group.From the beginning of anesthesia induction to 30 minutes before the end of operation,esmketamine 0.2 ml·kg-1·h-1 in group E and saline injection 0.2 ml·kg-1·h-1 in group C were injected,respectively.The operation time,anesthesia time,awakening time,extubation time,and the duration in PACU were re-corded.The incidence of EA,the VAS pain scores when leaving PACU and 1 day after operation,the inci-dence and VAS score of nausea and vomiting 1 day after operation were evaluated.The anxiety and depres-sion scores of the two groups were evaluated before operation,1 day and 2 days after operation.Results The incidence of EA,VAS pain score when leaving PACU and 1 day after operation in group E were signifi-cantly lower than those in group C(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in operation time,anes-thesia time,awakening time,extubation time,the duration in PACU,incidence and VAS score of nausea and vomiting 1 day after operation,and the indexes of anxiety and depression at different time points be-tween the two groups.Conclusion Esmketamine pump infusion combined with etomidate target-controlled infusion can reduce emergence agitation and promote postoperative recovery.

BACKGROUND:The study of the lumbar spine and pelvis in patients with Lenke type 5 lordosis is limited to the coronal and sagittal planes,and the three-dimensional relationship between the scoliosis and the pelvis has not yet been clarified. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effect of lumbar scoliosis on the pelvis in patients with Lenke type 5 lordosis and to study the correlation between the lumbar spine and the three-dimensional spatial position of the pelvis. METHODS:Imaging data of 60 patients with Lenke type 5 lordosis scoliosis admitted to the 3D Printing Reception Center of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2019 to September 2023 were retrospectively analyzed,including Cobb angle,coronal pelvic tilt,lumbar lordosis,left and right pelvic hip width ratio(sacroiliac-anterior superior iliac spine),spinal rotation angle,pelvic tilt,sacral slope,pelvic incidence,coronal deformity angular ratio,sagittal deformity angular ratio,C7 plumb line-center sacral vertical line,apical vertebral translation,and coronal sacral inclination.The information was summarized as a database.SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the data related to the lumbar spine and pelvis of the patients with Lenke type 5 primary lumbar curvature adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using Spearman's correlation analysis and linear regression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Cobb angle was highly positively correlated with coronal deformity angular ratio,apical vertebral translation,and spinal rotation angle(r=0.91,r=0.841,r=0.736).(2)Coronal deformity angular ratio was highly positively correlated with apical vertebral translation(r=0.737),moderately positively correlated with C7 plumb line-center sacral vertical line(r=0.514),and moderately negatively correlated with sagittal deformity angular ratio(r=-0.595).(3)There was a high positive correlation between lumbar lordosis and sagittal deformity angular ratio(r=0.942)and a moderate negative correlation with coronal deformity angular ratio(r=-0.554).(4)There was a moderate positive correlation between Cobb angle with coronal pelvic tilt and coronal sacral inclination(r=0.522,r=0.534)and a moderate positive correlation between C7 plumb line-center sacral vertical line and coronal pelvic tilt(r=0.507).Apical vertebral translation with coronal pelvic tilt and coronal sacral inclination showed a moderate positive correlation(r=0.507,r=0.506).Lumbar lordosis with sacral slope and pelvic incidence showed a moderate positive correlation(r=0.512,r=0.538).Sagittal deformity angular ratio was moderately positively correlated with sacral slope and pelvic incidence(r=0.614,r=0.621).(5)Studies have found that the relative position of the lumbar spine and the pelvis is closely related in the horizontal,sagittal and coronal planes.When the lumbar spine affects scoliosis and is rotated,the relative position of the pelvis will also change to compensate,which indicates that while correcting scoliosis,the correction of the pelvis cannot be ignored.