Aim To investigate the therapeutic effect of the MW-9 on ulcerative colitis(UC)and reveal the underlying mechanism, so as to provide a scientific guidance for the MW-9 treatment of UC. Methods The model of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells was established. The effect of MW-9 on RAW264.7 cells viability was detected by MTT assay. The levels of nitric oxide(NO)in RAW264.7 macrophages were measured by Griess assay. Cell supernatants and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines containing IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β were determined by ELISA kits. Dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced UC model in mice was established and body weight of mice in each group was measured. The histopathological damage degree of colonic tissue was assessed by HE staining. The protein expression of p-p38, p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK was detected by Western blot. Results MW-9 intervention significantly inhibited NO release in RAW264.7 macrophages with IC50 of 20.47 mg·L-1 and decreased the overproduction of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α(P<0.05). MW-9 had no cytotoxicity at the concentrations below 6 mg·L-1. After MW-9 treatment, mouse body weight was gradually reduced, and the serum IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels were significantly down-regulated. Compared with the model group, MW-9 significantly decreased the expression of p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 protein. Conclusions MW-9 has significant anti-inflammatory activities both in vitro and in vivo, and its underlying mechanism for the treatment of UC may be associated with the inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway.

Oral diseases concern almost every individual and are a serious health risk to the popula-tion.The restorative treatment of tooth and jaw defects is an important means to achieve oral function and support the appearance of the contour.Based on the principle of"learning from the nature",Deng Xu-liang's group of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology has proposed a new concept of"microstructural biomimetic design and tissue adaptation of tooth/jaw materials"to address the worldwide problems of difficulty in treating dentine hypersensitivity,poor prognosis of restoration of tooth defects,and vertical bone augmentation of alveolar bone after tooth loss.The group has broken through the bottle-neck of multi-stage biomimetic technology from the design of microscopic features to the enhancement of macroscopic effects,and invented key technologies such as crystalline/amorphous multi-level assembly,ion-transportation blocking,and multi-physical properties of the micro-environment reconstruction,etc.The group also pioneered the cationic-hydrogel desensitizer,digital stump and core integrated restora-tions,and developed new crown and bridge restorative materials,gradient functionalisation guided tissue regeneration membrane,and electrically responsive alveolar bone augmentation restorative membranes,etc.These products have established new clinical strategies for tooth/jaw defect repair and achieved inno-vative results.In conclusion,the research results of our group have strongly supported the theoretical im-provement of stomatology,developed the technical system of oral hard tissue restoration,innovated the clinical treatment strategy,and led the progress of the stomatology industry.

Objective To evaluate the bioequivalence of metronidazole tablet and reference formulation in Chinese healthy subjects.Methods A single-dose,two-cycle,randomized,open,self-crossover trial was designed with 48 healthy subjects randomly assigned to fasting or postprandial group.For each group,a single oral dose of metronidazole tablet(200 mg)or a reference preparation(200 mg)per cycle were enrolled.The concentration of metronidazole in plasma was measured by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS).The non-compartmental model was applied to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters for bioequivalence analysis via SAS 9.3 software.Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of test and reference metronidazole tablets in the fasting group were as follows,the Cmax were(4 855.00±1 383.97)and(4 799.13±1 195.32)ng·h·mL-1;the AUC0-t were(54 834.68±12 697.88)and(55 931.35±11 935.28)ng·h·mL-1;the AUC0-∞ were(56 778.09±13 937.76)and(57 922.83±13 260.54)ng·h·mL-1;the Tmax were respectively 1.17 and 1.00 h;t1/2 were(8.99±1.76)and(9.11±1.73)h,respectively.The ratio of the geometric mean and its 90％confidence intervals(CI)of Cmax,AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were all within the equivalent interval of 80.00％-125.00％.As for postprandial conditions,the main pharmacokinetic parameters of test and reference metronidazole tablets were as follows,the Cmax were(4 057.08±655.08)and(4 044.17±773.98)ng·h·mL-1;the AUC0-t were(55 956.42±12 228.12)and(55 121.04±11 784.55)ng·h·mL-1;the AUC0-∞ were(58 212.83±13 820.00)and(57 350.38±13 229.46)ng·h·mL-1;the Tmax were 2.50 and 2.25 h;the t1/2 were(9.37±1.68)and(9.37±1.79)h,respectively.The ratio of the geometric mean and 90％CI of Cmax,AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were all within the equivalent interval of 80.00％-125.00％.Conclusion The two preparations were bioequivalent to Chinese healthy adult volunteers under both fasting and fed conditions.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the bacterial communities of biting midges and ticks collected from three sites in the Poyang Lake area,namely,Qunlu Practice Base,Peach Blossom Garden,and Huangtong Animal Husbandry,and whether vectors carry any bacterial pathogens that may cause diseases to humans,to provide scientific basis for prospective pathogen discovery and disease prevention and control. Methods Using a metataxonomics approach in concert with full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing and operational phylogenetic unit(OPU)analysis,we characterized the species-level microbial community structure of two important vector species,biting midges and ticks,including 33 arthropod samples comprising 3,885 individuals,collected around Poyang Lake. Results A total of 662 OPUs were classified in biting midges,including 195 known species and 373 potentially new species,and 618 OPUs were classified in ticks,including 217 known species and 326 potentially new species.Surprisingly,OPUs with potentially pathogenicity were detected in both arthropod vectors,with 66 known species of biting midges reported to carry potential pathogens,including Asaia lannensis and Rickettsia bellii,compared to 50 in ticks,such as Acinetobacter lwoffii and Staphylococcus sciuri.We found that Proteobacteria was the most dominant group in both midges and ticks.Furthermore,the outcomes demonstrated that the microbiota of midges and ticks tend to be governed by a few highly abundant bacteria.Pantoea sp7 was predominant in biting midges,while Coxiella sp1 was enriched in ticks.Meanwhile,Coxiella spp.,which may be essential for the survival of Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann,were detected in all tick samples.The identification of dominant species and pathogens of biting midges and ticks in this study serves to broaden our knowledge associated to microbes of arthropod vectors. Conclusion Biting midges and ticks carry large numbers of known and potentially novel bacteria,and carry a wide range of potentially pathogenic bacteria,which may pose a risk of infection to humans and animals.The microbial communities of midges and ticks tend to be dominated by a few highly abundant bacteria.

Objective To develop a symptoms assessment scale for lung transplant recipients in early postoperative period,and assess its reliability and validity so as to provide clinical staff with a tool to evaluate the symptoms in the patients in the early period after lung transplantation.Methods With a symptom experience model,a preliminary item pool was established through literature reviews,semi-structured interviews and expert panel meetings between December 2021 and January 2022.Based on the preliminary item pool,an initial scale was proposed after two rounds of expert consultation between February and March 2022.The initial scale was finalised after all items had revised for language expression based on the results of cognitive interviews conducted in March 2022.Subsequently,the final version of the scale was applied in the survey of 116 recipients of lung transplant in the early postoperative stage at Wuxi People's Hospital between April 2022 and February 2023.The reliability and validity of scale were then further tested.Results A total of 112 patients responded to the questionnaire survey.The developed scale comprised 5 dimensions:psychology-related symptoms,respiratory related symptoms,digestive related symptoms,circulatory related symptoms and other symptoms,with 18 symptom items in total.Content validity indexes of the Item-level content validity index(I-CVI))were 0.833 to 1.000 and the Scale-level content validity index(S-CVI)was at 0.954.Exploratory factor analysis revealed five common factors with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 82.366%.All the factors exhibited positive correlations with the scale,with the correlation coefficient at 0.760 to 0.837(P<0.01).The scale demonstrated a Cronbach α coefficient of 0.943,and the Cronbach α coefficients of the five common factors ranged from 0.869 to 0.941.Additionally,the scale exhibited a split-half reliability of 0.840,and the split-half reliability of the five common factors ranged from 0.830 to 0.937.Conclusions The symptoms assessment scale for lung transplant recipients in early postoperative period developed in this study exhibits good reliability and validity.It is feasible for evaluation of early symptoms in lung transplant recipients.

The sensitivity issue encountered with solution cathode glow discharge optical emission spectrometry(SCGD-OES)in detecting heavy metals like Ag,Pb and Tl in solutions was alleviated.To enhance the analytical performance of SCGD-OES for heavy metal elements,a quartz chamber structure introducing discharge atmospheres was employed.Spectral characteristics and signal strengths of heavy metal elements under four different atmospheres(Air,pure argon,pure helium and hydrogen-helium mixture)were compared.The findings suggested that inert atmospheres could enhance the excitation capability of SCGD plasma,leading to boosted emission signals of the interested elements,while significantly reducing background radiation by isolating air.Compared to SCGD-OES sustained in air,enclosed SCGD-OES with pure helium as the discharge gas exhibited a signal intensity increase of 2.6-3.8 times for Ag,Pb and Tl,with detection limits improving from 2.5,112.1 and 14.8 μg/L to 0.7,28 and 1.9 μg/L,respectively.

Objective To investigate the distribution patterns of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution in 959 patients with endometriosis(EMs).Methods From January 2019 to November 2019,959 EMs patients were selected from Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University,Beijing Hospital,Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University,and Fuxing Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University.The general clinical information of the patients was recorded and then the TCM constitution was identified.After that,the correlation of TCM constitution distribution with concurrent constitution and the relationship of TCM constitution distribution with age and the complication of dysmenorrhea were analyzed.Results(1)The constitution types of EMs patients listed in descending order of the proportion were yang deficiency constitution(65.1％,624/959),qi stagnation constitution(58.4％,560/959),qi deficiency constitution(52.8％,506/959),blood stasis constitution(44.2％,424/959),phlegm-damp constitution(42.5％,408/959),damp-heat constitution(41.9％,402/959),yin deficiency constitution(39.6％,380/959),balanced constitution(26.8％,257/959),and inherited special constitution(16.6％,159/959).Among the patients,there were fewer patients with single constitution,accounting for 20.2％(194/959),and most of them had concurrent constitution types,accounting for 79.8％(765/959).(2)The association rule mining based on Apriori algorithm obtained 33 related rules.The concurrent constitution types of qi deficiency-yang deficiency,blood stasis-yang deficiency,and blood stasis-qi stagnation were the association rules with high confidence.(3)Compared with patients aged 35 years and below,the patients over 35 years old were predominated by high proportion of blood stasis constitution(P＜0.05).Compared with patients without dysmenorrhea,the patients with dysmenorrhea had the increased proportion of biased constitutions and the decreased proportion of balanced constitution(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion Yang deficiency constitution,qi stagnation constitution,qi deficiency constitution and blood stasis constitution are the high-risk constitution types of EMs patients.The concurrent constitution types are commonly seen in EMs patients,which are more common than single biased constitution.Management of EMs patients with the methods of warming yang,relieving stagnation,benefiting qi and activating blood will be helpful for correcting the biased constitutions in time and preventing disease progression,which will achieve the preventive treatment efficacy through TCM constitution correction.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis(PM),and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP)isolates in Chinese children.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical information,laboratory data,and microbiological data of 160 hospitalized children under 15 years old with PM from January 2019 to December 2020 in 33 tertiary hospitals across the country.Results Among the 160 children with PM,there were 103 males and 57 females.The age ranged from 15 days to 15 years,with 109 cases(68.1% )aged 3 months to under 3 years.SP strains were isolated from 95 cases(59.4% )in cerebrospinal fluid cultures and from 57 cases(35.6% )in blood cultures.The positive rates of SP detection by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing and cerebrospinal fluid SP antigen testing were 40% (35/87)and 27% (21/78),respectively.Fifty-five cases(34.4% )had one or more risk factors for purulent meningitis,113 cases(70.6% )had one or more extra-cranial infectious foci,and 18 cases(11.3% )had underlying diseases.The most common clinical symptoms were fever(147 cases,91.9% ),followed by lethargy(98 cases,61.3% )and vomiting(61 cases,38.1% ).Sixty-nine cases(43.1% )experienced intracranial complications during hospitalization,with subdural effusion and/or empyema being the most common complication[43 cases(26.9% )],followed by hydrocephalus in 24 cases(15.0% ),brain abscess in 23 cases(14.4% ),and cerebral hemorrhage in 8 cases(5.0% ).Subdural effusion and/or empyema and hydrocephalus mainly occurred in children under 1 year old,with rates of 91% (39/43)and 83% (20/24),respectively.SP strains exhibited complete sensitivity to vancomycin(100% ,75/75),linezolid(100% ,56/56),and meropenem(100% ,6/6).High sensitivity rates were also observed for levofloxacin(81% ,22/27),moxifloxacin(82% ,14/17),rifampicin(96% ,25/26),and chloramphenicol(91% ,21/23).However,low sensitivity rates were found for penicillin(16% ,11/68)and clindamycin(6% ,1/17),and SP strains were completely resistant to erythromycin(100% ,31/31).The rates of discharge with cure and improvement were 22.5% (36/160)and 66.2% (106/160),respectively,while 18 cases(11.3% )had adverse outcomes.Conclusions Pediatric PM is more common in children aged 3 months to under 3 years.Intracranial complications are more frequently observed in children under 1 year old.Fever is the most common clinical manifestation of PM,and subdural effusion/emphysema and hydrocephalus are the most frequent complications.Non-culture detection methods for cerebrospinal fluid can improve pathogen detection rates.Adverse outcomes can be noted in more than 10% of PM cases.SP strains are high sensitivity to vancomycin,linezolid,meropenem,levofloxacin,moxifloxacin,rifampicin,and chloramphenicol.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(2):131-138]

Objective:To conduct a scoping review of the characteristics, functions, risk of bias and applications of home-based self-management behavior assessment tools for lung transplant patients, so as to provide references for clinical medical staff to conduct further related research.Methods:The relevant literatures were systematically searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, Cochrane Library and CINAHL databases. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to June 30, 2023. The scoping review method framework was used to screen the literature, extract information and standardize the report.Results:A total of 10 167 Chinese and English literatures were searched, and after deduplication and screening, 23 articles that met the criteria were finally included, involving 13 home-based self-management behavior assessment tools for lung transplant patients, including nine specific tools and four universal tools. There were eight kinds of lung transplantation patients whose reliability and validity were not verified. Of the 13 tools, those with single-dimensional assessments and single measures predominate. The level of home self-management behavior of lung transplant patients was reflected mainly through compliance, and medication management was the most frequently assessed content.Conclusions:At present, the measurement of home-based self-management behavior of lung transplant patients is mainly based on questionnaire surveys, and the evaluation tools are mostly single dimensional. The reliability and validity of most evaluation tools in the population of lung transplant patients are not yet clear, and there is a certain risk of bias. It is recommended that researchers pay attention to the reliability and validity verification report of the evaluation tool in the target population when selecting it, and integrate multiple measurement methods to reduce measurement errors.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.