Mental state is an important part of the normal life activities of the human body, and it is also the most external expression and the most easily obtained information of the physical condition. The normal activities of the mind depend on the normal operation of the viscera, qi, and blood, and are a unified whole that prospers together and suffers together. The theory of the five-spirit-viscera in the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic revealed that the normal mental activities of the human body were dominated by the five internal organs, that is, the five internal organs were the body and the five spirits were the function. And it highlighted the viewpoint that the five internal organs store the spirits and are actually one. The heart governs the spirit and belongs to the four internal organs. On this basis, Synopsis of Golden Chamber used the internal organs to diagnose and treat mental diseases, integrating the theory of the five spirits into it, forming a unique method of diagnosis and treatment with the heart as the leading factor and regulating the qi and blood of the four internal organs. It identified the pathogenesis of diseases such as pathogenic crying, lily disease, and hysteria from five levels: heart deficiency and weak qi, heart-lung disharmony, heart-liver disharmony, the heart of the loss of the spleen nourishment, and disharmony between heart and kidney. The treatment was mainly to replenish the deficiency of the viscera and eliminate the pathogens, reflecting the characteristics of regulating the mind and calming the four internal organs. This unique view on diagnosis and treatment has profoundly influenced the diagnosis and treatment theories of mental illnesses by later doctors, and is of great significance to the current clinical treatment of such illnesses.

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and its mortality rate remains high. In addition to conventional surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, immunotherapy methods have been developed and used in recent years for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, only a small number of patients with NSCLC can benefit from immunotherapy strategies, and some patients even have hyperprogression after receiving immunotherapy. Therefore, precision immunotherapy requires effective biomarkers to guide it. In this paper, tissue samples, blood samples, intestinal microbiota, and other biomarkers are reviewed according to different sample sources. Blood samples, including TCR immune repertoire, Tregs cells, cytokines, lactate dehydrogenase, and other markers, are summarized and analyzed to provide reference for clinicians' diagnosis and treatment decisions.

Objective To compare effectiveness between the modified and traditional pressure-overload myocardial hypertrophy(POMH) model by abdominal aorta coarctation (AAC) method. Methods Totally 45 rats were divided into three groups(n = 15 per group), sham group, traditional group, and modified group. In the traditional group, the diameter ol the abdominal aorta was narrowed to 0. 70 mm through a midline incision for 4 weeks; in the modified group, the diameter of the abdominal aorta was narrowed above the left kidney to 0. 45 mm for 1 week, and then the narrowing was lifted postoperatively. The cardiac index, heart weight (HW) /body weight (BW) and left ventricular index, left ventricular weight (LVW)/BW were measured from the heart specimens, and the cross-sectional area of cardiac myocytes, myocardial collagen area, and myocardial collagen area Iraction were measured in the pathological sections by HE staining and Masson staining. Results Compared with the sham group, the differences in end-systolic interventricular septum thickness (IVSs), left ventricular end-systolic posterior wall thickness (LVPWs), HW/BW, LVW/BW, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, myocardial collagen area, myocardial collagen area fraction, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) expression levels were statistically significant (P<0. 05) in the modilied and traditional groups of rats. The differences in these indices were not statistically significant between the modified and traditional groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion The modified abdominal aortic constriction method used in this experiment is time-saving, stable, homogeneous and easy to replicate, and is a more ideal approach to establish a rat model of POMH.

This study investigated the effect of different carrier materials on the in vitro properties of progesterone solid dispersions. The solid dispersions of the insoluble drug progesterone were prepared by hot melt extrusion technique using rheological properties as the index of investigation, and the in vitro properties of the solid dispersions were characterized. Scanning electron microscope revealed solid dispersions with rough surfaces and agglomerated microstructures into irregular lumpy particles. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction showed the change of progesterone crystalline form in solid dispersions from crystalline to amorphous state. In vitro dissolution studies showed that solid dispersions prepared with different carrier materials can effectively improve the dissolution rate of drugs. The results of the study showed that the type of carrier material had a significant effect on the in vitro properties of solid dispersions, providing a reference for the study of solid dispersions in the controlled release of insoluble drugs.

Twelve compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the 80% aqueous ethanol extract of the roots and stems of Dalbergia rimosa Roxb. by silica gel, MCI, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectral analysis such as UV, IR, MS, 1D/2D NMR and by comparison with literature information as dalbergiquinol A (1), dalbergiquinol B (2), R-(-)-3′-hydroxy-2,4,5-trimethoxydalbergiquinol (3), neokhriol A (4), mucronulatol (5), (3R)-7,2′,3′-trihydroxy-4′-methoxy-isoflavane (6), isomucronulatol (7), (3S)-violanone (8), 3′-O-methylviolanone (9), eryvarin M (10), (±)-α,3,4,2′,4′-pentahydroxydihydrochalcone (11) and (-)-butin (12). Compound 1 and 2 are new compounds, and compounds 3-12 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 12 showed good scavenging effect on DPPH free radical.

Objective: To understand the interrelationships of parental control, peer relationship, and aggressive behavior in junior high school students, in order to provide a theoretical basis for preventing the occurrence of adolescent aggressive behavior. Methods: During June to July, 2022, 2 564 students of grade one to grade three were selected from 6 junior high schools from each of Suzhou and Xuancheng cities in Anhui Province by using convenient cluster random sampling method, and then the questionnaire survey was administered, including the Chinese version of Parent Control Questionnaire, Chinese version of Buss & Perry Aggression Questionnaire and Adolescent Peer Relationship Questionnaire. Results: Boys scored (185.31±27.49, 21.65±7.43, 21.77 ±8.18, 69.50±11.41, 72.39±11.53) higher than girls (178.21±25.13, 20.08±7.09, 20.61±7.62, 66.56± 11.14 , 70.95± 11.84 ) in parental control, father s psychological control, mother s psychological control, father s behavioral control, and mother s behavioral control ( t =8.63, 5.47, 3.70, 6.60, 3.12), while girls scored (48.41±11.26) higher in peer relationship than boys ( 47.13 ± 10.84 ) ( t =-2.95) ( P <0.01). The scores of first grade students in parental control, father s psychological control, mother s psychological control, father s behavior control, peer relationship, and aggressive behavior (184.67±27.18, 21.83± 7.29 , 22.15±8.07, 68.81±10.95, 50.21±9.57, 80.23±17.66) were higher than those of second gradestudents (180.98±25.46, 20.16±7.82, 20.21±7.55, 68.29±11.69, 45.47±11.67, 74.08±17.70) and third grade students (179.21±26.79, 20.53±7.22, 21.17 ± 8.06 , 66.81± 11.39 , 47.54±11.43, 75.75±16.29) ( F =9.44, 12.87, 13.61, 6.84, 42.85, 30.40, P <0.01). The scores of parental control and peer relationship were positively correlated with the scores of aggressive behavior ( r=0.22, 0.47, P <0.01). Peer relationship partially mediate the relationship between parental control and aggressive behavior, with a partial mediation effect value of 0.04, accounting for 26.39% of the total effect of parental control on aggressive behavior. Conclusions High parental control and poor peer relationship are both positively correlated with the level of aggressive behavior. The peer relationship of teenagers should be improved by establishing appropriate parenting style, tackling campus violence, and maintaining good social norms, in order to reduce the occurrence of aggressive behavior among adolescents.

Objective To summarize the epidemiological and clinical features of infectious diseases of the central nervous system(CNS)by a single-center analysis.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 1247 cases of CNS infectious diseases diagnosed and treated in the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from 2001 to 2020.Results The data for this group of CNS infectious diseases by disease type in descending order of number of cases were viruses 743(59.6％),Mycobacterium tuberculosis 249(20.0％),other bacteria 150(12.0％),fungi 68(5.5％),parasites 18(1.4％),Treponema pallidum 18(1.4％)and rickettsia 1(0.1％).The number of cases increased by 177 cases(33.1％)in the latter 10 years compared to the previous 10 years(P<0.05).No significant difference in seasonal distribution pattern of data between disease types(P>0.05).Male to female ratio is 1.87︰1,mostly under 60 years of age.Viruses are more likely to infect students,most often at university/college level and above,farmers are overrepresented among bacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis,and more infections of Treponema pallidum in workers.CNS infectious diseases are characterized by fever,headache and signs of meningeal irritation,with the adductor nerve being the more commonly involved cranial nerve.Matagenomic next-generation sequencing improves clinical diagnostic capabilities.The median hospital days for CNS infectious diseases are 18.00(11.00,27.00)and median hospital costs are ￥29,500(￥16,000,￥59,200).The mortality rate from CNS infectious diseases is 1.6％.Conclusions The incidence of CNS infectious diseases is increasing last ten years,with complex clinical presentation,severe symptoms and poor prognosis.Early and accurate diagnosis and standardized clinical treatment can significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality rate and ease the burden of disease.

ObjectiveHuman Ku70 protein mainly involves the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSB) through its DNA-binding properties, and it is recently reported having an RNA-binding ability. This paper is to explore whether Ku70 has RNA helicase activity and affects miRNA maturation. MethodsRNAs bound to Ku protein were analyzed by RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq) and bioinfomatic anaylsis. The expression relationship between Ku protein and miRNAs was verified by Western blot (WB) and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays. Binding ability of Ku protein to the RNAs was tested by biolayer interferometry (BLI) assay. RNA helicase activity of Ku protein was identified with EMSA assay. The effect of Ku70 regulated miR-124 on neuronal differentiation was performed by morphology analysis, WB and immunofluorescence assays with or without Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. ResultsWe revealed that the Ku70 protein had RNA helicase activity and affected miRNA maturation. Deficiency of Ku70 led to the up-regulation of a large number of mature miRNAs, especially neuronal specific miRNAs like miR-124. The knockdown of Ku70 promoted neuronal differentiation in human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) and SH-SY5Y cells by boosting miR-124 maturation. Importantly, ZIKV infection reduced the expression of Ku70 whereas increased expression of miR-124 in hNPCs, and led to morphologically neuronal differentiation. ConclusionOur study revealed a novel function of Ku70 as an RNA helicase and regulating miRNA maturation. The reduced expression of Ku70 with ZIKV infection increased the expression of miR-124 and led to the premature differentiation of embryonic neural progenitor cells, which might be one of the causes of microcephaly.

Gallbladder carcinoma,a relatively rare malignancy within the biliary tract,presents a grave prognosis primarily due to asymptomatic early stages leading to advanced stage diagnosis and the absence of efficacious treatment options.Research has identified chronic inflammation,predom-inantly caused by gallstones,as a critical etiological factor.While surgical intervention offers potential curative outcomes in early stages,the majority of cases are identified too late for optimal surgical outcomes.Chemotherapy and targeted therapy,despite offering new therapeutic avenues,have not significantly improved overall survival rates.Thus,understanding the pathogenesis of gallbladder cancer,especially its association with key genetic and molecular pathways,is imperative for devising novel therapeutic strategies.This review delineates the epidemiology,pathogenesis,current treat-ment modalities,and research advancements in gallbladder cancer,aiming to provide innovative in-sights for clinical management and guide future research endeavors.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of spleen-strengthening therapy in the treatment of postoperative colorectal adenoma. MethodRandomized controlled trials （RCTs） of spleen-strengthening therapy for postoperative colorectal adenoma published in the databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data， VIP， SinoMed， PubMed， Cochrane Library， Embase， Web of Science， and Clinical Trials registry center from database inception to February， 2024 were retrieved and selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The included RCTs were subjected to Meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3 software. ResultA total of 29 articles were included， involving 2 935 patients， with 1 462 in the experimental group and 1，473 in the control group. The Meta-analysis results showed that compared with conventional Western medical treatment alone， the experimental group that combined the spleen-strengthening therapy with conventional Western treatment had a significantly lower recurrence rate at six months post-surgery ［relative risk （RR）=0.45， 95% confidence interval （CI） ［0.37， 0.53］， P<0.000 01］， and at one year post-surgery （RR=0.54， 95%CI ［0.47， 0.63］， P<0.000 01）. Additionally， the experimental group showed significant improvement in clinical symptoms （RR=1.28，95%CI ［1.17，1.40］， P<0.000 01） and more pronounced effects in suppressing inflammatory factors， with no serious adverse reactions observed. The differences were all statistically significant. The analysis of the Chinese medicines used in the included articles revealed 28 prescriptions with 99 different drugs used 369 times in total. The most frequently used drug was Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， followed by Codonopsis Radix， Poria， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. Furthermore， correlation analysis showed that spleen-strengthening drugs were often used in combination with heat-clearing and toxin-removing drugs， qi-regulating drugs， and blood-activating drugs such as Hedyotidis Diffusae Herba， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， and Curcumae Rhizoma. ConclusionThe spleen-strengthening therapy demonstrates good clinical efficacy and high safety for patients with postoperative colorectal adenoma. However， due to the limitations in the quantity and quality of the included RCTs， more high-quality clinical trials are needed to verify these conclusions.