Objective:To establish an animal model of trans-sutural distraction osteogenesis in SD rats.Methods:A self-designed V-shaped distraction device(distractor)was fabricated with the traction force(N)of 0,1.3,2.2,3.0,4.3 and 5.0 corresponding to the distraction length(mm)of 5,4,3,2,1 and 0 respectively,meeting the trans-sutural distraction osteogenesis requirements in skull of 5-week-old SD rats.The distractor was plased into the sagittal suture of 12 SD rats.Continuous sampling was conducted 1,3,5 and 7 days respectively(n=3)after operation.The tissue changes in the trans-sutural distraction area were observed by HE and Masson's trichrome staining.Inflammation levels were determined using Arg-1 immunofluorescence staining.The early angiogenesis was clarified through co-staining with CD31 and EMCN.Results:A stable trans-sutural distraction osteogenesis model was estab-lished,5 mm distraction osteogenesis width was observed completely within 7 days of distraction.Significant new bone formation was observed at 7 days after operation.Arg-1 expression increased and was concentrated at the bone margins,overlapping with the areas of new bone formation.EMCN expression gradually decreased,and by day 7 CD31 was predominant,indicating the basic maturation of blood vessels.Conclusion:This study successfully constructed a stable and effective trans-sutural distraction osteogenesis animal model,and provides an experimental basis for the investigation of its early continuous histological changes.

To introduce the modified pharyngeal flap of bilateral muscular rings (BMR), and to discuss the clinical effect of this operation in the correction of moderate and severe velopharyngeal insufficiency. The clinical data of 18 patients who underwent BMR surgery in the Department of Craniofacial Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University from May 2019 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 10 males and 8 females, with a median age of 8.5 years (aged from 5 to 34 years). The patients were diagnosed preoperatively with moderate to severe velopharyngeal insufficiency (velopharyngeal closure ratio<0.7). The results of nasopharyngoscopy and speech assessment were compared and analyzed before operation and at the follow-up 6 months after the operation to evaluate the changes in velopharyngeal function and speech. Eighteen patients underwent BMR, 4 patients had snoring (the symptom disappeared after a few weeks in 3 cases), and 2 patients had local erosion of the wound, which delayed healing. Postoperative nasopharyngoscopy showed that all patients achieved comparatively complete velopharyngeal closure, some patients got enhanced lateral pharyngeal wall motility, and all patients got active motility of posterior pharyngeal wall flap. The postoperative speech assessment was significantly improved compared with that before the operation. The preoperative median score was 9 (range 7-12), and the postoperative median score was 2 (range 0-4). The statistical analysis was performed by paired non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank test, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). BMR is a reliable method for the treatment of moderate and severe velopharyngeal insufficiency. This technique can achieve functional contraction of the full circumference of the ventilator while preserving the obstructive effect of the posterior pharyngeal wall flap, which is helpful to balance nasal ventilation and velopharyngeal closure and improve the velopharyngeal function of patients.

The functional health and stability of the oral and maxillofacial system is one of the basic goals of orth-odontic treatment.Currently,it is believed that,in general,the condyle is located in the center of the joint fossa when the mandible is in an intercuspal position(ICP)in healthy normal people.At this time,the function of the temporoman-dibular joint(TMJ)is stable.Due to orthodontic tooth movement and subsequent occlusal changes,patients with maloc-clusion may experience related remodeling of the temporomandibular joint,especially changes in the position of the con-dyle.The position of the mandibular condyle is traditionally evaluated using a condylar position indicator.However,this method lacks consistency in obtaining condylar position changes.In recent years,in the clinical application of orthodon-tic treatment,cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)has become the first choice for examination.CBCT can accurate-ly measure the interarticular space and determine changes in condylar position.This article reviews the CBCT assess-ment of condylar position and related research on condylar position changes in patients with malocclusion before and af-ter orthodontic treatment.The literature review results indicate that there are differences in the condylar position of pa-tients with different malocclusions,and the condylar position may also change before and after orthodontic treatment.With a lower radiation dose,CBCT has higher accuracy in evaluating the condylar position in patients with malocclu-sion who undergo orthodontic treatment,thus promoting further study of the mechanism of condylar position changes in patients with malocclusion in the future and providing more accurate and personalized guidance for patient treatment.

Objective:To explore the effect of nursing intervention based on self-regulation theory on the self-care ability and mood state of patients with hepatitis B.Methods:From July 2021 to June 2023, a total of 126 patients with hepatitis B in the Department of Infectious Diseases in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were selected as the research objects by the convenient sampling method. They were divided into the control group ( n=63) and the intervention group ( n=63) using the simple random number method. The control group received routine nursing intervention, while the intervention group received nursing intervention based on self-regulation theory based on routine nursing intervention. The intervention period was six months. Self-care ability, mood state, regular follow-up rate, medication compliance rate, and nursing satisfaction before and after intervention were compared between the two groups. Results:After six months of intervention, the score of the Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale (ESCA) and the score of energy dimension in Profile of Mood states-short form (POMS-SF) in the intervention group were both higher than those in the control group? ( P<0.05), while scores of confusion, fatigue, anger, tension, and depression dimensions in POMS-SF were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The intervention group's regular follow-up rate, medication compliance rate, and nursing satisfaction were all higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Nursing intervention under the theoretical framework of self-regulation can improve the self-care ability of hepatitis B patients, their mood state, the regular follow-up rate, medication compliance rate, and nursing satisfaction.

Objective : To evaluate the effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and to provide a basis for clinical application. Methods: Literature searches were conducted in 7 electronic databases supplemented with a hand search. Randomized controlled trials focusing on OTM with PRF were included. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane tool. Finally, due to the heterogeneity of patient clinical characteristics and research methods, the results in every study were qualitatively described. Results: Six studies were included. Five studies were split-mouth designs, and 1 was a two-arm parallel design. Two studies used leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin, while the other 4 used injectable PRF. The risk of bias of 3 studies was graded as “Some concerns”, and 3 were graded as “Low risk”. The trials lasted from 4 weeks to 5 months. Four studies supported that PRF could accelerate OTM, 1 study demonstrated that PRF had no effect on OTM, and 1 study reported that PRF decreased OTM. There is moderate-quality evidence that PRF accelerates OTM in the first 3 months after application, while low-quality evidence supports that PRF loses its tooth-acceleration effect after 4 months. Conclusion Limited clinical evidence suggests that PRF could accelerate OTM in the early stages, but its long-term effect needs clarification.

Objective : To investigate the achieved intrusion amount of the maxillary incisors and the influencing factors in clear aligner cases treated with extraction of premolars. Methods : This study has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent has been obtained from patients. Thirty adult female patients who underwent extraction of the bilateral maxillary first premolars followed by clear aligner therapy were included. CBCT data before and after treatment were obtained, and three-dimensional reconstruction with registration alignment was performed. A spatial coordinate system was established, and the achieved intrusion amount was measured, followed by calculation of the intrusion efficacy. The factors related to the achieved intrusion amount were investigated through multiple linear regression analysis. Results : The overall efficacy of maxillary incisor intrusion was 54%, with the maxillary central incisors (48%) lower than the lateral incisors (59%), which was statistically significant (P<0.001). Regression analysis showed that the designed intrusion amount and the stepwise intrusion design were positively correlated with the achieved intrusion amount. The designed retroclination amount and use of class Ⅱ intermaxillary elastics were negatively correlated with the achieved intrusion amount. The initial overbite, overjet, crowding, upper central incisor inclination, amount of the first series of aligners, canine attachment type, posterior teeth attachment type and bite ramps had no significant correlation with the achieved intrusion amount. Conclusion In maxillary first premolar extraction cases treated with clear aligners, the upper central incisors have lower efficacy of intrusion movement than the lateral incisors. The achieved intrusion amount of maxillary incisors was influenced by multiple factors, which should be considered comprehensively for better vertical control in such cases.

The biomolecular mechanisms that regulate tooth root development and odontoblast differentiation are poorly understood. We found that Atp6i deficient mice (Atp6i^-/-) arrested tooth root formation, indicated by truncated Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) progression. Furthermore, Atp6i deficiency significantly reduced the proliferation and differentiation of radicular odontogenic cells responsible for root formation. Atp6i^-/- mice had largely decreased expression of odontoblast differentiation marker gene expression profiles (Col1a1, Nfic, Dspp, and Osx) in the alveolar bone. Atp6i^-/- mice sample RNA-seq analysis results showed decreased expression levels of odontoblast markers. Additionally, there was a significant reduction in Smad2/3 activation, inhibiting transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in Atp6i^-/- odontoblasts. Through treating pulp precursor cells with Atp6i^-/- or wild-type OC bone resorption-conditioned medium, we found the latter medium to promote odontoblast differentiation, as shown by increased odontoblast differentiation marker genes expression (Nfic, Dspp, Osx, and Runx2). This increased expression was significantly blocked by anti-TGF-β1 antibody neutralization, whereas odontoblast differentiation and Smad2/3 activation were significantly attenuated by Atp6i^-/- OC conditioned medium. Importantly, ectopic TGF-β1 partially rescued root development and root dentin deposition of Atp6i^-/- mice tooth germs were transplanted under mouse kidney capsules. Collectively, our novel data shows that the prevention of TGF-β1 release from the alveolar bone matrix due to OC dysfunction may lead to osteopetrosis-associated root formation via impaired radicular odontoblast differentiation. As such, this study uncovers TGF-β1 /Smad2/3 as a key signaling pathway regulating odontoblast differentiation and tooth root formation and may contribute to future therapeutic approaches to tooth root regeneration.
Female ; Animals ; Mice ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Odontoblasts ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Cell Differentiation ; Signal Transduction ; Disease Models, Animal ; Tooth Root

Functional orthodontics is one of the most important methods in the treatment of skeletal class II malocclusion in adolescents. A deep understanding of the many factors affecting the effect of functional orthopedics can improve the efficiency of correction and achieve good results. In this paper, from the two aspects of patients and appliances, we analyzed the factors that affect the curative effect of class II malocclusion functional orthopedics and deeply analyzed the therapeutic mechanism of functional appliances to guide clinical treatment. The results of the literature review show that the peak period of growth and development is the best period for the treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion. For patients with a vertical growth type, it is recommended to use a high head cap traction appliance to prevent the lower jaw from rotating backward and downward, and functional appliances such as titanium plates or implant nail-assisted anchorage can effectively reduce the lip inclination of the lower anterior teeth. In addition, compared with the traditional functional appliance, digital and personalized transparent braces are not only more aesthetically pleasing, comfortable and beneficial to periodontal health but also have many orthopedic appliances advantages, such as two-stage fusion, better incisor torque and vertical control of the posterior teeth, and can solve the problems of anterior interference and lateral deficiency while leading. With the development of digital orthodontics, transparent appliances have become an important developmental direction for functional appliances, but there are few related studies, and more clinical studies are needed to confirm their efficacy.

Objective: To explore the prenatal dietary and environmental risk factors in children aged 6-16 years with asthma (CWA) comorbid neuropsychiatric disorders. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2016 to March 2017.CWA aged 6 to 16 years were recruited as the study participants at the Outpatient Asthma Unit of Guizhou Provincial People′s Hospital, China.Informed consent was obtained from their parents, and their parents were invited to participate in the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview of children and adolescents (MINI Kid) to assess the current neuropsychiatric disorders.Meanwhile, the questionnaires information about prenatal diet and environment were collected from their mothers as well.Patients were divided into 2 groups, one group with asthma comorbid neuropsychiatric disorders and the other with asthma only.Single factor analysis and multivariate non-conditional Logistic regression analysis were used to determine the risk factors associated with neuropsychiatric comorbidity. Results: The study consisted of 261 patients (male: 163 cases, female: 98 cases) with asthma, with the age of (11.25±3.12) years, the rate of asthma comorbid neuropsychiatric disorders was 26.4% (69/261 cases). Single factor analysis showed that prenatal tobacco smoke exposure, winter coal combustion, food additives had statistically significant differences between the 2 group (χ²=7.385, 3.993, 4.529, all P<0.05), the other factors were not significantly different between two groups (all P>0.05); multivariate analysis indicated that prenatal tobacco smoke exposure was the independent risk factor for neuropsychiatric comorbidity in CWA (OR=5.098, 95%CI: 1.089-23.871, P=0.039). Conclusions The result revealed that the prenatal tobacco smoke exposure is the independent risk factor for neuropsychiatric comorbidity in CWA, need to enhance the propaganda and education of negative effects for parents should be enhanced during pregnancy to diminish the prevalence.

Clear aligner, as a transparent and removable appliance, offers an alternative to conventional fixed appliance to patients with high demands for esthetics and comfort. Meanwhile, the rapid development of materials and techniques has made clear aligner more widely used in orthodontics. However, there are still several concerns and risks in clinical practice of clear aligners, which may result in unfavorable outcomes. Herein, we have discussed the clinical risks of clear aligner therapy, and provided some targeted strategies, in order to promote the clinical application of clear aligners.