ObjectiveTo investigate the association of menopausal time and menopausal age with the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）， and to provide a basis for the early prevention and treatment of NAFLD in clinical practice. MethodsRelated data were collected from 373 postmenopausal women who attended the outpatient service of Department of Spleen， Stomach， Liver and Gallbladder Diseases， The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine， from January 2017 to December 2021， including general information， menopausal age， menopausal time， and presence or absence of NAFLD. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data； the independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups， and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups. A Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the association intensity and 95% confidence interval （95%CI） of menopausal time and menopausal age for the risk of NAFLD， and the restricted cubic spline （RCS） method was used to investigate the dose-response relationship between menopausal time/age and the risk of NAFLD. ResultsCompared with the women with normal menopause or late menopause， the women with early menopause had a higher prevalence rate of NAFLD and a higher degree of steatosis and fibrosis （all P<0.05）. After adjustment for the confounding factors such as age and age of menarche， the risk of NAFLD in women with a menopausal time of >3 years was 4.80 （95%CI： 1.93‍ ‍—‍‍ ‍11.95， P=0.001） times that in women with a menopausal time of ≤3 years， and the risk of NAFLD in women with early or late menopause was 8.14 times （95%CI： ‍1.77 ‍— ‍37.58， P=0.007） and 0.09 times （95%CI： 0.03 ‍— ‍0.32， P<0.001）， respectively， that in those with a normal menopausal age. There is a dose-response relationship between menopausal time/age and the risk of NAFLD. Menopausal time is positively correlated with the association intensity of NAFLD， while menopausal age is negatively correlated with the association intensity of NAFLD. ConclusionThe longer the menopause time and the earlier the menopause age， the ligher the risk of NAFLD.

BACKGROUND:The Twin-block orthodontic appliance is commonly used for the correction of Class Ⅱ malocclusion.Its mechanism of action in stimulating mandibular growth has been confirmed in many studies,but its impact on maxillary growth is not very clear. OBJECTIVE:By establishing a finite element model to analyze the stress distribution of the maxillary complex,surrounding bone sutures,and maxillary dentition in patients with Class Ⅱ malocclusion wearing Twin-block orthodontic appliances. METHODS:One patient with Class Ⅱ malocclusion who underwent orthodontic treatment at Qingdao Hospital/Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Shandong Rehabilitation University was selected.The bite force data of the patient when wearing the Twin-block orthodontic appliance was measured,and CBCT data were collected.A finite element model was established,including the maxillary complex,peripheral sutures,Twin-block orthodontic appliance,and maxillary dentition.ABAQUS software was used to simulate the stress distribution in the maxilla and maxillary dentition when the patient was wearing the Twin-block appliance. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The equivalent stress on the maxillary anterior teeth was significantly smaller than that on the posterior teeth,and the maximum equivalent stress on both sides of the teeth were 4.797 5 Mpa and 8.716 1 Mpa,respectively,which were located at the first premolar.The maximum displacements were presented at the maxillary incisors on both sides of the teeth,which were 0.080 5 mm and 0.081 0 mm,respectively.The maximum equivalent stress on the bone suture was 1.284 Mpa,which was mainly concentrated in the pterygopalatine suture and the frontal-maxillary suture on both sides,and there was almost no difference in the force of the rest of bone sutures;the maximum displacement of the bone suture was 0.07 mm,with the pterygopalatine suture having the largest displacement,followed by the frontal-maxillary suture.The maximal equivalent stress on the maxillary complex was 27.18 Mpa,which was mainly concentrated on both sides of the anterior pyriform foramen of the maxilla,around the nasofrontal suture and around the pterygopalatine suture at the posterior part of the jaws.The maximal displacement of the maxilla was 0.07 mm,which was mainly concentrated on the maxillary alveolar bone.All these findings show that the occlusal force acts on the maxillary complex through the Twin-block appliance,resulting in clockwise rotation of the maxilla and steepening of the dentition plane.Measures should be taken to compensate for this tendency,for example,by considering maxillary molar elongation and intrusion in the process of occlusion,which are not only able to flatten the occlusal plane,but facilitate the mandibular protraction,thereby further improving Class Ⅱ malocclusion orthodontic treatment.

This review summarizes the applications and advancements of artificial intelligence(AI)in the analysis of retinal vascular parameters. Retinal vascular parameters, including vessel diameter, fractal dimension, vascular tortuosity, branching angles, and vessel density, are important indicators for assessing changes in the retinal vascular network structure. These parameters are not only related to various ophthalmic diseases but also reflect the conditions of systemic diseases such as diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. This article provides a detailed discussion on the advantages of AI technology in the automated identification and quantification of retinal vascular parameters, particularly in improving measurement efficiency and accuracy, and enabling the early detection and monitoring of various diseases. Additionally, the challenges faced by AI in the analysis of retinal vascular parameters were discussed, such as data standardization and insufficient sample diversity, and proposes directions for future research. By thoroughly analyzing the application of AI in retinal vascular parameter analysis, this article aims to offer new perspectives and methods for clinical diagnosis and early intervention of diseases, holding significant clinical significance and application prospects.

BackgroundCurrently， the problem of depressed mood in college students is becoming more prominent. The experience of childhood maltreatment is a significant contributor to depression among college students. Although the association between the two has been confirmed， the specific psychosocial mechanisms underlying how childhood maltreatment affects college students' mental health remain insufficiently evidenced. ObjectiveTo explore the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depression among college students， and to investigate the moderated effects of psychological resilience and family socioeconomic status， aiming to provide references for improving depressive symptoms in college students. MethodsOn 14 March 2024， a cluster sampling method was employed to recruit 751 college students from a university in Heilongjiang Province. Participants were assessed with Childhood Trauma Questionnaire （CTQ）， Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale （DERS）， Patients' Health Questionnaire Depression Scale-9 item （PHQ-9）， 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale （CD-RISC-10） and Family Socioeconomic Status Questionnaire. Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to examine the correlation between the scores of scales. Model 4 and model 7 in Process 4.2 were used to test the mediating effects of emotional regulation difficulties and the moderated effects of psychological resilience and family socioeconomic status. Results① A total of 712 （94.81%） valid questionnaires were collected. ② College students' CTQ score was positively correlated with DERS score and PHQ-9 score （r=0.296， 0.507， P<0.01）， and negatively correlated with CD-RISC-10 score and Family Socioeconomic Status Questionnaire score （r=-0.148， -0.229， P<0.01）. ③ The indirect effect value of difficulties in emotion regulation on the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depression was 0.091 （95% CI： 0.018~0.046）， accounting for 17.95% of the total effect. ④ The first half of the mediation model "childhood maltreatment → difficulties in emotion regulation → depression" （childhood maltreatment → difficulties in emotion regulation） was moderated by psychological resilience （β=-0.030， t=-6.147， 95% CI： -0.040~-0.020） and family socioeconomic status （β=-0.051， t=-3.929， 95% CI： -0.077~-0.026）. ConclusionChildhood maltreatment exerts both a direct effect on college students' depression and an indirect effect through emotion regulation difficulties. The childhood maltreatment → emotion regulation difficulties pathway in this mediation model is moderated by psychological resilience and family socioeconomic status. ［Funded by Qiqihar Medical University Graduate Student Innovation Fund Project （number， QYYCX2023-48）； Special Research Fund Project for Young Doctors of Qiqihar Academy of Medical Sciences （number， QMSI2021B-08）］

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Dizhuo Huayu prescription combined with catgut embedding therapy in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis （NASH） and dyslipidemia and explore the effect of the combined therapy on inflammatory cytokines interleukin （IL）-18 and IL-1β. MethodsA total of 82 patients with NASH and dyslipidemia from the Gastroenterology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group， with 41 patients in each group. The control group received Polyene Polyenylphosphatidylcholine Capsules， while the treatment group received Dizhuo Huayu prescription granules combined with catgut embedding. The treatment duration was 24 weeks for both groups. At weeks 0， 12， and 24， the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， body mass index （BMI）， liver fat content assessed by Fibroscan （CAP value）， the level of alanine transaminase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， gamma-glutamyl transferase （GGT）， total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and free fatty acid （FFA）， and the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-1β in serum were observed. Adverse reactions in both groups were recorded. ResultsA comparison of the comprehensive therapeutic effects between the two groups after 24 weeks of treatment revealed that the total effective rate was 62.16% （23/37） in the control group and 85.71% （30/35） in the treatment group， with a statistically significant difference （χ² = 5.14， P<0.05）. At weeks 12 and 24 after treatment， the TCM syndrome score， BMI， CAP value， TC， TG， LDL-C， and FFA were all significantly lower in both groups compared to pre-treatment levels， while the HDL-C level significantly increased （P<0.05）. The effect was better at week 24 （P<0.05） than at week 12 （P<0.05）， and the treatment group showed better outcomes than the control group at weeks 12 and 24 after treatment （P<0.05）. After 24 weeks of treatment， both groups exhibited significant reductions in IL-18 and IL-1β levels （P<0.05）. The treatment group demonstrated superior efficacy compared to the control group after treatment （P<0.05）. Both groups experienced decreases in ALT， AST， and GGT levels after treatment （P<0.05）. However， there were no statistically significant differences between the 12-week and 24-week post-treatment values within each group， nor were there significant differences between the two groups. No significant adverse reactions were observed in both groups. ConclusionThe Dizhuo Huayu prescription combined with catgut embedding therapy is safe and effective in treating patients with NASH and dyslipidemia， exhibiting hepatoprotective， anti-inflammatory， lipid-regulating， and weight-reducing effects.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of calcitriol on sepsis-induced immunosuppression and its potential mechanism. METHODS A sepsis-induced immunosuppression mice model was established using cecal ligation and puncture （CLP）. The 7-day survival rate， serum levels of tumor necrosis factor- α （TNF- α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and IL-1β were determined in sham operation group， CLP group and calcitriol group （1 μg/kg）； the morphological changes of lung tissue in mice were observed. Lipopolysaccharide （LPS） tolerance macrophage models （representing sepsis-induced immunosuppression） were established using mice macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in cell supernatants as well as mRNA expressions of IL-1β， nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3 （NLRP3）， IL-18 and caspase-1 were assessed in culture medium group， LPS group， LPS tolerance group， and calcitriol （5 μmol/L） group. The following parameters were measured： propidium iodide （PI）-positive cell ratio， caspase-1 activity， lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） release， and Ca2+ levels. RESULTS Compared with CLP group， 7-day survival rate and serum levels of TNF-α， IL-6 and IL-1β were increased significantly in calcitriol group （P＜0.05）. Additionally， pulmonary tissue damage was markedly attenuated in calcitriol group. Compared with LPS tolerance group， the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in cell supernatants， mRNA expressions of IL- 1β， NLRP3， IL-18 and caspase-1， PI-positive cell ratio， caspase-1 activity， LDH release， and Ca2+ levels were all increased significantly in calcitriol group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Calcitriol can reverse sepsis-induced immunosuppression， and the mechanism of action may be E-mail：yarfwy@163.com achieved by the binding of calcitriol to vitamin D receptor，which promotes the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum， thereby driving the NLRP3/caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis pathway.

Objective To explore the normal reference range of perchlorate content in the urine of primary school students, and compare whether there are differences in their urine perchlorate contents among different populations, and to provide reference for the health care of primary school students. Methods A total of 441 primary school students aged 6 to 15 years old in a certain city were selected, and their urine samples were collected. The contents of perchlorate in the urine were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and the measurement data was statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Results There was no significant gender difference in the content of perchlorate in the urine of primary school students, but there was an age difference. The normal reference range for the content of perchlorate in the urine of primary school students aged 6-9 years old was 0-99.09 μg/L, and the normal reference range for the content of perchlorate in the urine of primary school students aged 10-15 years old was 0-74.56 μg/L. Conclusion Through the measurement and analysis of a large number of samples, a normal reference range for the content of urinary perchlorate in primary school students have been recommended.

Objective To explore the normal reference range of perchlorate content in the urine of primary school students, and compare whether there are differences in their urine perchlorate contents among different populations, and to provide reference for the health care of primary school students. Methods A total of 441 primary school students aged 6 to 15 years old in a certain city were selected, and their urine samples were collected. The contents of perchlorate in the urine were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and the measurement data was statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Results There was no significant gender difference in the content of perchlorate in the urine of primary school students, but there was an age difference. The normal reference range for the content of perchlorate in the urine of primary school students aged 6-9 years old was 0-99.09 μg/L, and the normal reference range for the content of perchlorate in the urine of primary school students aged 10-15 years old was 0-74.56 μg/L. Conclusion Through the measurement and analysis of a large number of samples, a normal reference range for the content of urinary perchlorate in primary school students have been recommended.

Objective To construct a recombinant poxvirus vector vaccine, rVTTδTK-RBD, and to evaluate its safety and immunogenicity. Methods The receptor-binding domain (RBD) gene was synthesized with reference to the gene sequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and was inserted into the polyclonal site of the self-constructed recombinant plasmid pSTKE, to construct the recombinant poxvirus shuttle vector pSTKE-RBD. This was then transfected into BHK-21 cells pre-infected with the vaccinia virus Tiantan strain (VTT). The recombinant poxvirus rVTTδTK-RBD was successfully obtained after several rounds of fluorescence phage screening. The effect of rVTTδTK-RBD on the body mass of BALB/c mice was detected after immunizing mice by intra-nasal vaccination. The levels of specific and neutralizing antibodies produced by rVTTδTK-RBD on BALB/c mice were analyzed after immunizing mice intramuscularly. The effect of rVTTδTK-RBD on T cell subsets in BALB/c mice was detected by flow cytometry. Results Through homologous recombination, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) screening marker, and multiple rounds of fluorescent phosphorescence phage screening, a recombinant poxvirus rVTTδTK-RBD, expressing RBD with deletions in the thymidine kinase (TK) gene, was successfully obtained, which was validated by PCR. The in vivo experiments on BALB/c mice showed that rVTTδTK-RBD was highly immunogenic against SARS-CoV-2 and significantly reduced toxicity to the body compared to the parental strain VTT. Conclusion The recombinant poxvirus vaccine rVTTδTK-RBD against SARS-CoV-2 is successfully constructed and obtained, with its safety and immunogenicity confirmed through various experiments.
Animals ; Mice ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics* ; COVID-19 ; Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics* ; Genes, Reporter ; Bacteriophages ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

OBJECTIVE To explore suitable storage and transportation conditions for “internet plus drug delivery” under high- temperature conditions. METHODS A survey on high-temperature conditions in summer in Beijing was conducted； a retrospective analysis was conducted on “internet plus drug delivery” orders in our hospital from July 2021 to June 2022， summarizing the proportion and delivery range of drugs under different storage and transportation conditions. Additionally， simulation and validation experiments were performed to investigate optimal drug storage and transportation devices for “internet plus drug delivery” in Beijing under high-temperature conditions in summer. RESULTS The monthly average temperature in Beijing from June to August consistently exceeded 25.0 ℃ between 1991 and 2022. From July 2021 to June 2022， a total of 104 drugs were required to be stored below 25.0 ℃， accounting for 31.23% of the 333 drugs listed in our hospital’s “internet plus drug delivery” catalog in Beijing. These drugs were delivered 1 058 times， accounting for 19.63% of the total deliveries. Simulation and validation experiments demonstrated that the average maximum temperature during the next-day delivery process of “carton + foam box + composite aluminum film pearl cotton + 500 g ice bag×2 + gas column bag” was 9.6 ℃， the average minimum temperature was 2.7 ℃， and all the temperatures remained below 15.0 ℃， which could effectively ensure the quality of drugs. CONCLUSIONS Under the high-temperature conditions in summer in Beijing， the storage and transportation device of “carton + foam box + composite aluminum film pearl cotton + 500 g ice bag×2 + gas column bag” can meet the temperature requirements specified in the drug storage instructions for Beijing intra-city drug delivery.