Actin polymerization is a crucial process in cellular functions,impacting key processes like cell division,development,morphogenesis,motility,and polarity establishment.Abnormalities in actin polymerization can lead to various diseases,including cancer,highlighting its significance in both normal cell function and disease progression.While the amino acid sequences of actin are highly conserved across species,recent studies have revealed differences in their polymerization functions.The animal or plant actin can be used heterologously in yeast cells,but certain types like the rabbit skeletal muscle and maize pollen actin have unique polymerization properties.On the other hand,the yeast actin can interact with the animal or plant actin.This review explores the polymerization characteristics of the animal,plant,and yeast actin,highlighting functional disparities in polymerization both in vivo and in vitro.Additionally,we discuss drugs that target actin polymerization,aiming to offer potential avenues for treating human diseases and advancing our understanding of actin's molecular mechanisms.Further research in this area may uncover the underlying principles of actin diversity and functional evolution,providing valuable insights for related fields.

The concept of ethnic medicine is divided into a broad sense and a narrow sense. The broad concept refers to the traditional medicine of the Chinese nation, and the narrow concept refers to the traditional medicine of Chinese ethnic minorities. The external medicine is one of the main forms of ethnic medicine, and it is also the important content of ethnic medicine for external use, which is widely used in clinical practice. As the theory of ethnic medicine is unique, the application methods have certain characteristics, which are the key technical parts of clinical practice. However, the existing traditional Chinese medicine consensus formulation me-thods cannot meet the needs of the consensus formulation of the external ethnic medicine. Therefore, the methods suitable for expert consensus on external ethnic medicine are required. This article took Expert opinion on clinical application of Baimai Ointment as an exa-mple, and explorde a reasonable, effective, multi-dimensional, and multi-stage method to formulate expert consensus on the external ethnic medicine. In this research, three-dimensional sources of information, including ancient classics, clinical research evidence, and expert application experiences, were systematically and scientifically collected. After organization and analysis, the information was formed into comprehensive evidence. In a formal consensus meeting, part of the recommendations reached consensus. As to the issues that did not reach agreement, in-depth interviews were used to explore the reasons for the differences and resolve the disagreements. Finally, unanimous recommendations were reached. There are common problems during the formulation process of Expert opinion on clinical application of Baimai Ointment. This study is expected to provide references for the formulation of expert consensus on other external ethnic medicine.
Humans ; Biological Products ; Consensus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal

Objective Exploring the occurrence and clinical characteristics of adverse drug reactions caused by the treatment of malignant hematological diseases in children with pegaspargase,in order to provide reference for safe drug use in clinical practice.Methods Summarize and organize 24 cases of adverse reactions related to pegaspargase reported in the pediatric hematology ward of our hospital from January 2016 to June 2023 for analysis and re evaluation.The basic information,severity of adverse drug reaction(ADR),dosage,route of administration,clinical manifestations,occurrence time and outcome of ADR were analyzed statistically.Results Among the 24 ADR reports,there were 15 males(62.50％)and 9 females(37.50％).The age ranged from 2 to 15 years,with an average age of(7.79±4.68)years.There were 16 children under 10 years old(66.67％).The primary disease is acute lymphocytic leukemia(87.50％).The administration mode of 24 patients was intramuscular injection,and the dosage was 1200-3 750 U.A total of 30 AD Rs occurred in 24 patients,10 of which were serious ADRs.The most common organ involved in ADR was gastrointestinal system damage(8 cases,27.59％),followed by systemic(6 cases,20.69％)and skin and Subcutaneous tissue(5 cases,17.24％).The shortest occurrence time of ADR is 5 minutes after medication,and the longest is 56 days after medication.Conclusion Clinical attention should be paid to the occurrence characteristics of asparaginase ADR.After medication,patients need to be monitored for safety over a long period of time,closely monitoring their clinical symptoms and related test indicators,especially in young children,to reduce the damage caused by ADR to patients.

Objective:To compare the detection success rates (DSRs) of different kinds of near-infrared spectrum non-invasive hemoglobin monitors in high-altitude environments.Methods:One hundred and forty-four healthy volunteers of either sex, aged 18-50 yr, were assigned to one of 3 groups using a random number table method: simulated high-altitude 3 500 meter group ( n=35), 4 000 meter group ( n=55) and 4 500 meter group ( n=54). Hemoglobin was detected by Radical-7, NW-9002SHM, A5 and TensorTip MTX type hemoglobin monitors in plain environment and simulated environment at different altitudes, and the DSRs were compared.Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the risk factors affecting the success rate of instrument detection, and the cut-off value was determined by ROC curve and the Youden index. Results:In the simulated high-altitude environment of 3500, 4000 and 4500 m, the DSR of TensorTip MTX was significantly higher than that of Radical-7, NW-9002SHM and A5 ( P<0.001), and there was no significant difference in the DSR among Radical-7, NW-9002SHM and A5 ( P>0.05). Low SpO 2 was the main factor affecting the DSRs of the Radical-7, NW-9002SHM and A5 type hemoglobin monitor in high-altitude environment ( P<0.001), and the cut-off value of SpO 2 in determining the success of detection was 88.5%, 87.5% and 89.5%, respectively.The DSR of TensorTip MTX was not affected by low SpO 2. Conclusions:The DSR of TensorTip MTX hemoglobin monitor is minimally affected by the high-altitude environment and can be preferred in the absence of oxygen supply; when Radical-7, NW-9002SHM or A5 hemoglobin monitor applied in high-altitude environments, oxygen saturation needs to be increased to ensure a high DSR.

Bone Neoplasms ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Osteoblastoma/surgery*

Six new bisabolane-type phenolic sesquiterpenoids, including plakordiols A-D (1-4), (7R, 10R)-hydroxycurcudiol (5) and (7R, 10S)-hydroxycurcudiol (6) were isolated from the marine sponge Plakortis simplex collected from the South China Sea. Their structures were determined based on extensive analysis of spectroscopic data. Their configurations were assigned by coupling constant analysis, NOESY correlations, and the modified Mosher's method. Furthermore, their cytotoxic and antibacterial activities were evaluated.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology* ; China ; Molecular Structure ; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology* ; Pacific Ocean ; Plakortis/chemistry*

BACKGROUND: Shenyankangfu Tablet (SYKFT) is a Chinese patent medicine that has been used widely to decrease proteinuria and the progression of chronic kidney disease. OBJECTIVE: This trial compared the efficacy and safety of SYKFT, for the control of proteinuria in primary glomerulonephritis patients, against the standard drug, losartan potassium. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION: This was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Primary glomerulonephritis patients, aged 18-70 years, with blood pressure ≤ 140/90 mmHg, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 45 mL/min per 1.73 m MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was change in the 24-hour proteinuria level, after 48 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: A total of 735 participants were enrolled. The percent decline of urine protein quantification in the SYKFT group after 48 weeks was 8.78% ± 2.56% (P = 0.006) more than that in the losartan 50 mg group, which was 0.51% ± 2.54% (P = 1.000) less than that in the losartan 100 mg group. Compared with the losartan potassium 50 mg group, the SYKFT plus losartan potassium 50 mg group had a 13.39% ± 2.49% (P < 0.001) greater reduction in urine protein level. Compared with the losartan potassium 100 mg group, the SYKFT plus losartan potassium 100 mg group had a 9.77% ± 2.52% (P = 0.001) greater reduction in urine protein. With a superiority threshold of 15%, neither was statistically significant. eGFR, serum creatinine and serum albumin from the baseline did not change statistically significant. The average change in TCM syndrome score between the patients who took SYKFT (-3.00 [-6.00, -2.00]) and who did not take SYKFT (-2.00 [-5.00, 0]) was statistically significant (P = 0.003). No obvious adverse reactions were observed in any group. CONCLUSION: SYKFT decreased the proteinuria and improved the TCM syndrome scores of primary glomerulonephritis patients, with no change in the rate of decrease in the eGFR. SYKFT plus losartan potassium therapy decreased proteinuria more than losartan potassium therapy alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02063100 on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Division ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/genetics* ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/genetics* ; Replication Protein A/genetics*

Objective: To analyze non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by bioinformatics methods to find key pathways and potential therapeutic targets for NASH. Methods: GSE61260 chip was downloaded from the public microarray database and liver biopsy samples from 24 NASH cases and 38 healthy controls were included. The Limma software package in R language was used to screen DEGs under the condition of difference multiple > 1.5 and adj. P < 0.05. The clusterProfiler software package was used for GO analysis and KEGG analysis. The STRING online database was used for protein-protein interaction analysis, and the L1000 and DrugBank databases were used for drug prediction. Results: Compared with healthy control group, 857 DEGs were screened out in NASH group including 167 up-regulated genes and 690 down-regulated genes. GO analysis showed that DEGs were mainly involved in inflammation and cholesterol metabolism. KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in PPAR, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, oxidative phosphorylation and other signaling pathways. Among them, eight genes of ACSL4, CYP7A1, FABP4, FABP5, lipoprotein lipase, ME1, OLR1 and PLIN1 were enriched in PPAR signaling pathway, and 165 interaction nodes were formed with 47 DEGs-encoded proteins. Lipoprotein lipase interacted with 21 DEGs, and its up-regulated expression had improved lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and anti-inflammatory effects. Four drugs (gemfibrozil, bezafibrate, omega-3 carboxylic acid and glycyrrhizic acid) were screened by L1000 and DrugBank to activate lipoprotein lipase. Presently, these four drugs are clinically used to treat hypertriglyceridemia or to improve inflammation. In this regard, we speculated that the pharmacological effects of these four drugs had improved NASH by activating lipoprotein lipase to promote liver lipid metabolism and alleviate inflammation. Conclusion PPAR signaling pathway is closely associated to the occurrence and development of NASH, and thereby lipoprotein lipase agonist is a new attempt to treat NASH.

OBJECTIVE: To follow up the participants of the randomized clinical trial "Efficacy and Safety of Niaoduqing Particles () for Delaying Moderate-to-Severe Renal Dysfunction", and assess the long-term effects of Niaoduqing Particles on delaying the progression of renal dysfunction. METHODS: Participants, who had previously been randomly assigned to receive Niaoduqing Particles or placebo for 24 weeks (146 cases in each group), were invited to follow-up and all were administered Niaoduqing Particles 5 g thrice daily and 10 g before bedtime for 24 weeks. The primary endpoints were changes in baseline serum creatinine (Scr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after completion of the open-label treatment period. RESULTS: After the double-blind period, the median (interquartile range) changes in Scr were 1.1 (-13.0-24.1) and 11.7 (-2.6-42.9) μmol/L for the Niaoduqing Particle and placebo groups, respectively (P=0.008), and the median changes in eGFRs were-0.2 (-4.3-2.7) and-2.21 (-5.7-0.8) mL•min•1.73 m, respectively (P=0.016). There were significant differences in the double-blind period changes in renal function between groups. After the open-label period, the median changes in Scr were 9.0 (-10.0-41.9) and 17.5 (-6.0-50.0) μmol/L for the Niaoduqing Particle and placebo groups according to baseline grouping, respectively (P=0.214), and the median changes in eGFRs were-2.3 (-6.4-1.9) and-3.7 (-7.5-1.1) mL•min•1.73 m, respectively (P=0.134). There were no statistical differences in the open-label period changes in renal function between groups. The eGFR reduction of participants who accepted Niaoduqing Particle treatment for 48 weeks was projected to 2.5 mL•min•1.73 m per year. CONCLUSION Niaoduqing Particles appear to have long-term efficacy for patients with moderate-to-severe renal dysfunction. Although there was no statistical difference, the early use of Niaoduqing Paticles seems to ameliorate the worsening of renal function. (Trial registration No. ChiCTR-TRC-12002448).
Adult ; Disease Progression ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; drug effects ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care)