ObjectiveTo study the effect and mechanism of Xiangsha Liu Junzitang combined with phlegm-removing and detoxifying traditional Chinese medicine on immune escape in Lewis lung cancer mice. MethodA total of 60 specific-pathogen-free （SPF）-grade C57BL/6J male mice were injected subcutaneously with 0.2 mL of Lewis cell suspension （containing 2×10⁶ cells·mL^-1） in the right mid-axillary line. After 7 days， the mice that had been successfully modeled were randomly divided into six groups： the model group， the cisplatin group， the Xiangsha Liu Junzitang low-， medium-， and high-dose groups， and the combined group， with 10 mice in each group. The Xiangsha Liu Junzitang low-， medium- and high-dose groups were gavaged with 17.88， 35.75， 71.50 g·kg^-1 Xiangsha Liu Junzitang solution once a day， respectively， and the dosage of cisplatin intraperitoneally injected into the mice was converted to 5 mg·kg^-1 twice a week， and the tumour volumes of each group were measured every two days. The intervention lasted for 14 consecutive days. At the end of treatment， the tumour mass of mice in each group was weighed and the tumour inhibition rate was calculated. The morphological characteristics of tumours in each group were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Fluorescent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） assay was used to detect messenger ribonucleic acid （mRNA） contents of the natural killer group 2 member D （NKG2D） receptor， ribonucleic acid export-1 （RAE-1）， and γ interferon （IFN-γ） in the tumour tissues of each group. NKG2D， RAE-1， and IFN-γ mRNA in tumour tissues of each group. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） and Western blot were applied to detect the expressions of RAE-1， NKG2D， and IFN-γ in tumour tissues of each group， and Western blot was used to detect the expressions of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， Janus kinase 2 （JAK2）， p-JAK2， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， and p-STAT3 in tumour tissues of each group， as well as the protein levels of NKG2D， and RAE-1 in spleen tissues of each group. ResultCompared with that in the model group， the tumour mass decreased in all dose groups of Xiangsha Liu Junzitang， with no statistically significant difference. The tumour volume was reduced （P<0.05， P <0.01）. The pathological morphology was improved. The mRNA contents of NKG2D， RAE-1 and IFN-γ were increased in the medium-dose group （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the protein expressions of NKG2D， RAE-1， and IFN-γ in tumour tissues were elevated （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 protein expressions were decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In spleen tissues， the protein expressions of NKG2D and RAE-1 in all dose groups of Xiangsha Liu Junzitang were significantly elevated （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the cisplatin group， NKG2D， RAE-1 and IFN-γ mRNA contents were elevated in the middle-dose group of Xiangsha Liu Junzitang， and the difference was not statistically significant. IHC showed that the protein expressions of NKG2D and IFN-γ in the combined group were significantly elevated （P<0.01）， and Western blot results showed that the protein expressions of RAE-1， NKG2D and IFN-γ were elevated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 protein expressions were decreased in the combined group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. NKG2D and RAE-1 protein expressions were significantly increased in spleen tissues of the medium-dose groups and the combined group （P<0.01）. ConclusionXiangsha Liu Junzitang combined with phlegm-removing and detoxifying traditional Chinese medicine can inhibit the growth of tumours in Lewis lung cancer mice by up-regulating the expressions of RAE-1/NKG2D， promoting the activation of NK cells， and inhibiting immune escape， the mechanism of which may be related to down-regulation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Currently, clinically used drugs for the treatment of gout inflammation, such as colchicine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and glucocorticoids, can only relieve the pain of joint inflammation and have severe hepatorenal toxicity and multiple organ adverse reactions. The NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a key complex that induces the onset of gout inflammation and has become a crucial target in the development of anti-gout drugs. This article reviews the research progress of anti-gout small molecules targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome and their bioactivity evaluation methods in the past five years, in order to provide information for the development of specific drugs for the treatment of gout inflammation.

By reviewing the research history on quality comparison between wild and cultivated Chinese crude drugs， this paper systematically combed the relevant research reports since the 1950s， and summarized and analyzed the results of existing comparative studies， and found that the existing comparative research on the quality of wild and cultivated Chinese crude drugs were mainly focused on several aspects， including characteristics， microstructures， chemical compositions， pharmacodynamic effects， and genetic diversity. Among these， comparative studies of chemical compositions have been the dominant approach， with a particular emphasis on comparing the contents of index components. However， research on pharmacodynamic effects remained relatively limited. Due to various factors such as sample quantity， sample origin， growth period and cultivation methods， the differences in quality between wild and cultivated Chinese crude drugs vary significantly. In general， most wild Chinese crude drugs exhibited higher quality than cultivated products， with significant differences in their characteristics. The contents and proportions of some chemical components underwent noticeable changes， particularly with a marked increase in the proportion of primary metabolites after cultivation. The quality of cultivated Chinese crude drugs is closely related to the cultivation practices employed. Chinese crude drugs produced through wild nurturing， simulated wild planting， ecological cultivation， and other similar methods demonstrate quality levels comparable to those of wild Chinese crude drugs. Based on the analysis results， it is recommended to explicitly specify the cultivation practices and cultivation period of cultivated Chinese crude drugs in comparative studies of the quality between wild and cultivated Chinese crude drugs. Multiple technical approaches， including characteristics， microscopy， non-targeted metabolomics combined with quantitative analysis of differential components， and bioefficacy evaluation， should be employed to comprehensively assess the quality disparities between wild and cultivated Chinese crude drugs. Moreover， research efforts should be intensified to investigate the changes in pharmacodynamic effects resulting from differences in plant cell wall composition， primary metabolites， and secondary metabolites， in order to guide the production of high-quality Chinese crude drugs.

ObjectiveBased on the traditional quality evaluation methods summarized in previous dynasties， this paper systematically contrasted cultivated Astragali Radix（CA） and wild-simulated Astragali Radix（WA） from the aspects of character， microstructure and chemical composition by modern technological means. MethodThe collected CA and WA were compared in characters and microscopic characteristics in cross section， and comparative analysis were performed on the contents of cellulose， extracts， carbohydrate， total flavonoids， total saponins， etc. Then ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging（DESI-MSI） were used to comparatively analyze the secondary metabolites and their spatial distributions in the xylem and phloem of CA and WA. ResultIn terms of characters， the characters and sectional features of WA was consistent with the characteristics of high-quality Astragali Radix， while the CA was quite different from the traditional high-quality Astragali Radix. In terms of microscopy， the phellem layer of CA was thin， and the section fissures were mostly distributed through the cambium in a long strip shape without obvious growth ring characteristics. The cork layer of WA was thick， and the cracks in the section were distributed in the center of the xylem and the outer edge of the phloem in an irregular cavity shape. The cambium was tight without cracks， and had obvious characteristics of a growth ring. In terms of chemical composition， the contents of water-soluble extract， 80% ethanol extract and sucrose of CA was significantly higher than those of WA， while the contents of total saponins， lignin and hemicellulose were significantly lower than those of WA. And the contents of 100% ethanol extract， total polysaccharides and total flavonoids in both of them were generally similar， but slightly higher in WA. The contents of 2 kinds of monoacyl-substituted flavonoid glycosides in the xylem of WA was significantly higher than those of CA， while the contents of 2 kinds of flavonoid aglycones and one flavonoid glycoside were on the contrary. The contents of 7 saponins in phloem of WA were significantly higher than those of CA. ConclusionThere are significant differences between CA and WA in characters， microstructure and chemical components， in which CA has a fast growth rate and a short planting period， and the primary metabolites such as water-soluble extracts and sucrose are more enriched， which is the reason for its firm texture and sweetness being significantly higher than those of WA. However， the contents of lignin， hemicellulose and some secondary metabolites in WA are significantly higher than those in the CA， which are close to the traditional description of characters and quality. Based on the results of this study， it is suggested to strengthen the production of WA， improve the supply capacity of WA， and gradually upgrade the current standard. It is recommended to increase the contents of monoacyl-substituted flavonoid glycosides， total saponins and other indicators that can characterize different production methods， so as to guide the high-quality production of Astragali Radix.

ObjectiveBased on the experience of traditional quality evaluation， the quality of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma（AMR） with different production methods such as direct seeding， transplanting after seedling raising， topping and non-topping， and difference in growth years was compared. MethodVernier caliper was used to measure the trait data of AMR in different production methods. Paraffin sections of AMR with different production methods were made by saffron solid green staining， and the microstructure was observed. The contents of water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extracts in AMR with different production methods were determined according to the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The content of water-soluble total polysaccharides in AMR with different production methods was detected by sulfuric acid-anthrone method. Fiber analyzer was used to detect the content of fiber components in AMR with different production methods. The contents of monosaccharides， oligosaccharides and some secondary metabolites in AMR with different production methods were detected by ultra performance liquid chromatography（UPLC）， and the differences of chemical components were compared by multivariate statistical analysis methods such as principal component analysis（PCA） and partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA）. ResultIn terms of traits， the 3-year-old AMR with direct seeding and without topping was close to the high-quality AMR with "phoenix-head and crane-neck， strong sweetness and clear aroma" recorded in ancient materia medica， followed by the 3-year-old AMR with topping after transplanting， while the 2-year-old AMR with topping after transplanting with high market circulation rate was generally fat and strong with mild odor. In the microscopic aspect， the arrangement of xylem vessels and fiber bundles in the 3-year-old samples formed two obvious rings. Compared with the 2-year-old samples cultivated in Bozhou and Zhejiang， the 3-year-old samples without topping after transplanting had more wood fibers. In terms of chemical composition， the contents of 70% ethanol extract， fructose， glucose， sucrose， 1-kestose， atractylenolide Ⅰ， chlorogenic acid， neochlorogenic acid， cryptochlorogenic acid and other components in 3-year-old AMR with direct seeding and without topping were significantly higher than those in the other three samples（P<0.05）. The contents of cellulose， 70% ethanol extract， sucrose， atractylenolide Ⅰ， atractylone and other components in 3-year-old AMR with topping after transplanting were significantly higher than those in the 2-year-old AMR with high market circulation rate（P<0.05）， while the contents of water-soluble extract and water-soluble total polysaccharides in 2-year-old samples with topping after transplanting were significantly higher than those in the 3-year-old AMR with topping after transplanting， direct seeding and without topping（P<0.05）. ConclusionUnder the current mainstream production mode， too much manual intervention makes AMR heavily enriched in polysaccharides and increased the yield， but the accumulation of sweet substances， fragrant substances and fiber substances is insufficient， which affects its quality. The current quality standard of AMR has some shortcomings in guiding the high quality production of it， it is suggested to revise the quality standard of AMR， supplement the quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites， and strengthen the production of imitation wild AMR.

Objective:To clarify the spatio-temporal characteristics and changing trends of provincial health resources and medical pressure,and to provide suggestions for the high-quality development of medical and health services in China.Methods:Based on the panel data of 31 provincial administrative units from 2010 to 2020,a comprehensive evaluation system of provincial health resources and medical pressure was constructed.The global entropy method and exploratory spatial analysis were used to reveal the spatio-temporal differentiation and correlation pattern,and the Tapio decoupling index was illustrated to explain the evolution characteristics and trends.Results:During the observation period,health resources and medical pressure in the vast majority of provinces in China rose steadily,with positive spatial correlation and agglomeration,and a close relationship with economic development and population demand;the mainstream decoupling state of the country shifted from a negative decoupling to a positive decoupling,with an obvious progressive decoupling trend,and the development of regional health continued to improve.Conclusions and suggestions:Provinces need to take into account the status quo of health development in their own provinces,focus on the spatio-temporal coupling of elements and structures,and optimize the structure of health resource allocation and enhance the resilience of the health system as a means of bringing into play the comparative advantages of the regional health system.

Objective To analyze the literature on artificial intelligence in forensic research from 2012 to 2022 in the Web of Science Core Collection Database,to explore research hotspots and developmen-tal trends.Methods A total of 736 articles on artificial intelligence in forensic medicine in the Web of Science Core Collection Database from 2012 to 2022 were visualized and analyzed through the litera-ture measuring tool CiteSpace.The authors,institution,country(region),title,journal,keywords,cited references and other information of relevant literatures were analyzed.Results A total of 736 articles published in 220 journals by 355 authors from 289 institutions in 69 countries(regions)were identi-fied,with the number of articles published showing an increasing trend year by year.Among them,the United States had the highest number of publications and China ranked the second.Academy of Forensic Science had the highest number of publications among the institutions.Forensic Science Inter-national,Journal of Forensic Sciences,International Journal of Legal Medicine ranked high in publica-tion and citation frequency.Through the analysis of keywords,it was found that the research hotspots of artificial intelligence in the forensic field mainly focused on the use of artificial intelligence technol-ogy for sex and age estimation,cause of death analysis,postmortem interval estimation,individual identification and so on.Conclusion It is necessary to pay attention to international and institutional cooperation and to strengthen the cross-disciplinary research.Exploring the combination of advanced ar-tificial intelligence technologies with forensic research will be a hotspot and direction for future re-search.

Objective: To explore the balance of peripheral blood T helper 17 cells/regulatory T cell (Th17/Treg) ratio and the polarization ratio of M1 and M2 macrophages in lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO). Methods: A rat model of lower extremity ASO was established, and blood samples from patients with lower extremity ASO before and after surgery were obtained. ELISA was used to detect interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, and IL-17. Real-time RCR and Western blot analyses were used to detect Foxp3, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 expression. Moreover, flow cytometry was applied to detect the Th17/Treg ratio and M1/M2 ratio. Results: Compared with the control group, the iliac artery wall of ASO rats showed significant hyperplasia, and the concentrations of cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly increased (P<0.01), indicating the successful establishment of ASO. Moreover, the levels of IL-6 and IL-17 in ASO rats were pronouncedly increased (P<0.05), while the IL-10 level was significantly decreased (P<0.05). In addition to increased IL-6 and IL-17 levels, the mRNA and protein levels of Foxp3 and IL-10 in ASO rats were significantly decreased compared with the control group. The Th17/Treg and M1/M2 ratios in the ASO group were markedly increased (P<0.05). These alternations were also observed in ASO patients. After endovascular surgery (such as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and arterial stenting), all these changes were significantly improved (P<0.05). Conclusions: The Th17/Treg and M1/M2 ratios were significantly increased in ASO, and surgery can effectively improve the balance of Th17/Treg, and reduce the ratio of M1/M2, and the expression of inflammatory factors.

Objective To explore the characteristic categories of presenteeism among ICU nurses and analyse the influencing factor.Methods A convenience sampling method was adopted to select 391 ICU nurses as the study subjects from four Grade IIIA hospitals in Zhejiang Province in May 2023.A general information questionnaire,the Stanford presenteeism scale-6,and Maslach burnout inventor were used in the survey.R language was used for latent profile analysis,and univariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis were employed to explore the influencing factors of the latent profiles.Results A total of 391 ICU nurses completed the survey,with the score of presenteeism at 16.10±4.64,which was at medium level.The score of presenteeism was further divided into four latent classes:low work limitation-low work energy type accounted for 13.04%,high work limitation-moderate work energy type accounted for 24.55%,low work limitation-high work energy type accounted for 4.86%,moderate work limitation-moderate work energy type accounted for 57.55%.The influencing factors include average monthly income,the score of emotional exhaustion and personal fulfillment dimensions in job burnout(all P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of presenteeism among the ICU nurses has distinctive classification characteristics.Based on the identified influencing factors,nursing managers should provide individualised interventions to the ICU nurses with different latent profiles of characteristic categories to reduce the presenteeism among the nurses and thereby to improve the quality of nursing services.

Objective To understand the current situation of human brain donation in Hebei Province by analyzing the basic information of Human Brain Bank samples of Hebei Medical University in order to provide basic data support for subsequent scientific research.Methods The samples collected from the Human Brain Bank of Hebei Medical University were analyzed(from December 2019 to February 2024),including gender,age,cause of death,as well as quality control data such as postmortem delay time,pH value of cerebrospinal fluid and and RNA integrity number and result of neuropathological diagnosis.Results Until February 2024,30 human brain samples were collected and stored in the Human Brain Bank of Hebei Medical University,with a male to female ratio of 9∶1.Donors over 70 years old accounted for 53％.Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases(36.67％)and nervous system diseases(23.33％)accounted for a high proportion of the death causes.The location of brain tissue donors in Shijiazhuang accounted for 90％donations,and the others were from outside the city.The postmortem delay time was relatively short,90％within 12 hours and 10％more than 12 hours.69.23％of the brain samples had RNA integrity values greater than 6.Cerebrospinal fluid pH values ranged from 5.8 to 7.5,with an average value of 6.60±0.45.Brain weights ranged from 906-1496 g,with an average value of(1210.78±197.84)g.Three apolipoprotein E(APOE)alleles were detected including five genotypes(ε2/ε3,ε2/ε4,ε3/ε3,ε3/ε4,ε4/ε4).Eleven staining methods related to neuropathological diagnosis had been established and used.A total of 12 cases were diagnosed as neurodegenerative diseases(including Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,multiple system atrophy,corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy,etc.),accounting for 40％donated brains.The comorbidity rate of samples over 80 years old was 100％.Conclusion The summary and analyses of the data of brain donors in the Human Brain Bank of Hebei Medical University can reflect the current situation of the construction and operation of the brain bank in Hebei Province,and it can also be more targeted to understand and identify potential donors.Our information can provide reference for the construction of brain bank and provides more reliable materials and data support for scientific research.