Objective: To investigation HER2 status in gastric adenocarcinoma of Chinese and contributing factors to the HER2 expression. Methods: HER2 status of 40 842 gastric adenocarcinomas and clinical data were retrospectively collected from 23 hospitals dated from 2013 to 2016. The association between HER2 positivity and clinicopathologic features was analyzed. Results: Of the 40 842 patients the median age was 62 years, the male female ratio was 2.6∶1.0. The rate of HER2 positivity was 8.8% (3 577/40 842). HER2 expression was related to the tissue type, tumor location, Lauren classification and tumor differentiation (P values: 0.009, 0.001, <0.01 and <0.01, respectively). Different HER2 expression status was observed between primary and recurrent tumors in 7.6% (48/635) cases. The rates of HER2 positivity ranged from 2% to 10% among different institutions. The rates of HER2 FISH amplification were dramatically different among the 23 hospitals (0-100%) with an average rate of 10% (810/8 156) in patients with HER2 IHC 2+ . Conclusions HER2 expression is associated with clinicopathologic characteristics. HER2 re-assessment of tumor tissue and use of in situ hybridization techniques increase HER2 positivity. The current retrospective study should reflect the HER2 status in gastric adenocarcinoma of Chinese patients.

Purpose Sustained attention dysfunction is a common symptom of patient with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).To reveal the neural mechanism of the abnormality of sustained attention of patients with ADHD,the cerebral blood flow (CBF) abnormalities in patients were studied by perfusion imaging.Materials and Methods Sixteen children with ADHD and twenty normal controls treated at the 401st Hospital of PLA from June 2013 to September 2015 underwent 3D arterial spin labeling (3D-ASL)scanning with GE 3.0T MRI scanner.The participants were performed four continuous sections of sustained attention to response task (SART) for 20 minutes in the scanner.Using SPM 8 toolkit,the local CBF values of both groups were compared in a voxel-wise manner,and their correlations with response time and target accuracy of SART were analyzed.Results When performing the SART,the patients with ADHD showed significantly inhibited trend of increasing CBF in the anterior cortex like dorsal cortex,medial prefrontal cortex,and motor area;however,they presented enhanced trend of increasing CBF in the posterior cortex such as posterior cingulate cortex and parietooccipital sulcus (P＜0.01);the change of CBF in the dorsal prefrontal cortex and that in the precentral and postcentral gyrus had significant correlation with response time of SART task and targeting ratio (dorsal prefrontal cortex:r=0.745,P＜0.001;r=0.591,P＜0.001;r=-0.521,P＜0.001.Precentral and postcentral gyrus:r=0.579,P＜0.001).Conclusion Patients with ADHD show different CBF redistribution between anterior and posterior cerebral cortex in performing SART,and the abnormal CBF shows significant correlations with behavioral metrics,which reflects the mechanism of sustained attention dysfunction of patients with ADHD.

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms are a rare, heterogeneous group of neoplasms. The incidence has increased greatly during the past 40 years, partially due to the advanced endoscopic and imaging techniques. As a type of neoplasm with the specific morphology and immunophenotype, its nomenclature and classification have also been changed considerably over the past 40 years, from the past "carcinoid" to the current "neuroendocrine neoplasm". WHO currently recommends two-tiered classification, neuroendocrine tumors and neuroendocrine cancer, according to the differentiation, morphology and proliferation index. However, the neoplasms from different sites have different phenotypes, biological behaviors, and accordingly the different staging systems for the indication on prognosis and therapy selection. Recent research indicates that the tumor from different sites could express different molecular markers which are useful for the further study of molecular features, as well as the evaluation of the site of primary tumor. Along with the progress of the research on molecular mechanisms, including signal transduction, epigenetics and tumor microenviroment, the mode of diagnosis and treatment would also be changed accordingly. In this article, new advances in classification, clinical and pathological features and molecular mechanism of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms will be reviewed.
Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; classification ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Phenotype ; Prognosis ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Microenvironment

Chinese medical student's education system is quite different from that in western countries.Besides,Chinese residency training program is just starting.The professional training of pathologists,who make the final diagnosis in the hospital,is not satisfied.The present situation in China is that overall quality of pathologists is low and varied.The pathology department of Xijing Hospital started to carry out the pathology residency training program since 2009.It is expected to search for a model of pathology residency training program with Chinese characteristics.

OBJECTIVE: To review the characteristics changes of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) as drug delayed release carrier before and after carrying different drugs, analyze dynamic principle and influential factors of drug delayed release system, and summarize new advances of CPC in animal experiments and clinical studies.DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of CNKI (www.cnki.net/index.htm) and PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) was performed for articles published between 1985 and 2009 with the key words of "calcium phosphate cement, CPC, drug delivery system, release" in Chinese and English.DATA SELECTION: Articles highly related with CPC; articles concerning CPC as drug delivery system. Repetitive articles were excluded.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in physico-chemical properties and drug release dynamics of CPC as delivery carrier of different drugs.RESULTS: CPC is an outstanding skeletal defect restorative material. Considering physico-chemical properties, drug release dynamics and histocompatibility, CPC is good delayed release carrier of drugs. However, its clinical application is limited only in bone defect repair of unloading sites due to its bad compressive strength and adhesivity. Therefore, studies on these aspects require exploration.CONCLUSION: CPC as a drug delivery system is a novel administration method. It can repair bone defect and release drug to achieve favorable treatment effects. CPC has been extensively used in osteomyelitis, bone tuberculosis, bone tumor, bone fracture, bone nonunion, and artificial joint replacement.

AIM: To prepare Nano-Liposome encapsulated MAGE3/HSP70(NL M3H) and study its character and antitumor immunity in mouse. METHODS: NL M3H was prepared by the thin film-dispersion ultrasonic. The shape and size of NL M3H were detected by electron microscope. The encapsulation rate, drug-carrying capacity, stability and the releasing character were tested by Sephedex-G100 gel filtration. The mouse was immunized by NL M3H, and the antitumor immunity was detected by ELISPOT and LDH release assay. RESULTS: The mean size of NL M3H was lower than 100 nm. The encapsulation rate was 38％.The drug content was 0.038 g/L. NL M3H has good stability after stored in 4℃ for 6 months. The releasing profile showed that 74 percent of proteins was released during the first 24 hours in saline. The results of ELISPOT and LDH release assay showed that NL M3H generated tumor specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)to damage tumor cel1. CONCLUSION: NL M3H has novel characters, it can generate specific CTL to kill tumor cell, and can be used as new kind of vaccine agsinst tumor.

Hapten-carrier protein conjugates were made using ciprofloxacin (CPFX) and two carrier proteins by 1-ethyl-3-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) method. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry were used to demonstrated that the molecule conjugate ratio of CPFX to ovalbumin (OVA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) are 6:1 and 13:1 respectively. Nondenaturing gel electrophoresis results revealed that the conjugate band migrates differently from that of the carrier protein alone and of the EDC-treated protein when as few as 6 molecules of CPFX are attached to the carrier protein. The results indicate that nondenaturing gel electrophoresis and ultraviolet spectrophotometry can be employed to analyze the molecule coupling ratio of CPFX to carrier proteins qualitatively and quantitatively.

Objectives:To study the pathological behavior and the value of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) in predicting prognosis in pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart disease.　Methods:Lung tissues from 29 patients with congenital heart diseases associated with pulmonary hypertension were examined by surgical biopsy of the lung. All samples were examined for the expression and localization of TGF-β1 by immunohistochemical technique with anti-TGF-β1 antibody.　Results:Twenty-six out of 29 showed positive staining of intracellular endotheliocyte TGF-β1(89.65%),16 samples showed extracellular matrix TGF-β1 staining(55.17%).Statistically, there was significant difference between Ⅰ～Ⅱ and Ⅲ～Ⅵ pathological degrees in extracellular matrix(P<0.05).　Conclusions: TGF-β1 plays an important biological role in the formation of pulmonary hypertension after congenital heart disease. It is conductive in predicting prognosis.