Objective To observe the effect of Shenghui Granule on EC and CA1 regions of scopolamine-induced dementia rats and explore its mechanism based on p38 MAPK signal pathway.Methods 40 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups(blank group,model group,Shenghui granule group,donepezil group),and were treated with scopolamine.Morris water maze and open field test were used to evaluate the cognition and anxiety behavior of rats.The nerve injury of EC and CA1 was observed by HE staining.The activity of neurons in EC and CA1 regions was observed by c-Fos immunofluorescence staining.Western blot was used to detect p38 MAPK pathway related proteins.Results The behavioral experiment found that Shenghui Granule could improve the cognitive impairment and anxiety-like behavior of AD model rats.The results of HE staining showed that Shenghui granules had protective effects on EC and CA1 regions.The results of c-Fos immunofluorescence staining showed that Shenghui granules could increase the activity of neurons in EC and CA1 regions.Western blot results showed that Shenghui Granule could down-regulate the expression of Bax,reduce the levels of phosphorylated p38 and Tau,and increase the expression of Bcl-2.Conclusion Shenghui granule has protective effect on EC and CA1 regions of AD model rats,and may play a therapeutic role through p38 MAPK signal pathway.

Emerging research suggests a potential association of progression of Alzheimer's disease(AD)with al-terations in synaptic currents and mitochondrial dynamics.However,the specific associations between these pathological changes remain unclear.In this study,we utilized Aβ42-induced AD rats and primary neural cells as in vivo and in vitro models.The investigations included behavioural tests,brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)analysis,Nissl staining,thioflavin-S staining,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,Golgi-Cox staining,trans-mission electron microscopy(TEM),immunofluorescence staining,proteomics,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)detection,mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)and reactive oxygen species(ROS)assess-ment,mitochondrial morphology analysis,electrophysiological studies,Western blotting,and molecular docking.The results revealed changes in synaptic currents,mitophagy,and mitochondrial dynamics in the AD models.Remarkably,intervention with Dengzhan Shengmai(DZSM)capsules emerged as a pivotal element in this investigation.Aβ42-induced synaptic dysfunction was significantly mitigated by DZSM intervention,which notably amplified the frequency and amplitude of synaptic transmission.The cognitive impairment observed in AD rats was ameliorated and accompanied by robust protection against structural damage in key brain regions,including the hippocampal CA3,primary cingular cortex,prelimbic system,and dysgranular insular cortex.DZSM intervention led to increased IDE levels,augmented long-term potential(LTP)amplitude,and enhanced dendritic spine density and length.Moreover,DZSM intervention led to favourable changes in mitochondrial parameters,including ROS expression,MMP and ATP contents,and mitochondrial morphology.In conclusion,our findings delved into the realm of altered synaptic currents,mitophagy,and mitochondrial dynamics in AD,concurrently highlighting the therapeutic potential of DZSM intervention.

BACKGROUND: Endocrine therapy (ET) and ET-based regimens are the preferred first-line treatment options for hormone receptor (HR)-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer (HR+/HER2- MBC), while chemotherapy (CT) is commonly used in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and clinical outcome of ET and CT as first-line treatment in Chinese patients with HR+/HER2- MBC. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with HR+/HER2-MBC between January 1st, 1996 and September 30th, 2018 were screened from the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Breast Cancer database. The initial and maintenance first-line treatment, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 1877 included patients, 1215 (64.7%) received CT and 662 (35.3%) received ET as initial first-line treatment. There were no statistically significant differences in PFS and OS between patients receiving ET and CT as initial first-line treatment in the total population (PFS: 12.0 vs. 11.0 months, P = 0.22; OS: 54.0 vs . 49.0 months, P =0.09) and propensity score matched population. For patients without disease progression after at least 3 months of initial therapy, maintenance ET following initial CT (CT-ET cohort, n = 449) and continuous schedule of ET (ET cohort, n = 527) had longer PFS than continuous schedule of CT (CT cohort, n = 406) in the total population (CT-ET cohort vs. CT cohort: 17.0 vs . 8.5 months; P <0.01; ET cohort vs . CT cohort: 14.0 vs . 8.5 months; P <0.01) and propensity score matched population. OS in the three cohorts yielded the same results as PFS. CONCLUSIONS ET was associated with similar clinical outcome to CT as initial first-line treatment. For patients without disease progression after initial CT, switching to maintenance ET showed superiority in clinical outcome over continuous schedule of CT.
Humans ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism* ; Progression-Free Survival ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Disease Progression ; Treatment Outcome

In the past two decades, with the introduction of NCCN guidelines, the establishment of a standardized diagnosis and treatment system for breast cancer had begun. The Chinese version of the NCCN guidelines, which combines international standards and Chinese characteristics, was then developed to guide clinical practice. Since 2011, Chinese experts have entered St. Gallen International Expert Consensus Group, and to introduce the latest therapy concepts. On this basis, the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology has developed guidelines for diagnosis and treatment in line with product accessibility and expert opinions to help clinicians choose the best treatment option. The latest Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Breast Cancer Guideline will further contribute to the establishment of a standardized diagnosis and treatment system for breast cancer.

Artificial intelligence clinical decision-support system is an important direction of artificial intelligence in the medical field. Both international and domestic researchers are exploring the application value of intelligent decision-making system in the field of cancer. But at the same time of the craze, there are still some problems in the intelligent decision-making system. Combining the work of the research groups in this field, this paper explores the current confusions and solutions, and hopes to help clinicians better understand intelligent decision-making. It is believed that with the deepening of the concept and the advancement of technology, intelligent decision-making will become a good help for doctors in the future.

The rigorous randomized clinical trials and qualified real world evidence have improved the domestic standardized diagnosis and therapy. Meanwhile, the recent consensus and guideline integrated with Chinese realities have also promoted the breast cancer therapy. To expound our views and to provide suggestions for the revision of breast cancer guideline of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology, we select ten hot issues to discuss with our experience.

Although circulating tumor cells(CTCs) have long been identified,it was not until the approval of CellSearch? system that CTCs are current lyunder in?depth investigation.The CTCs technology has advanced from simple cell counting into era of molecular subtyping. The development of sequencing technologies and liquid biopsy has made it possible to sequence single cell genomes. In the recent years, how to take advantage of CTCs as a useful tool to clarify the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and cancer development and to predict the patient survival have become a hot issue.

Although circulating tumor cells(CTCs) have long been identified,it was not until the approval of CellSearch? system that CTCs are current lyunder in?depth investigation.The CTCs technology has advanced from simple cell counting into era of molecular subtyping. The development of sequencing technologies and liquid biopsy has made it possible to sequence single cell genomes. In the recent years, how to take advantage of CTCs as a useful tool to clarify the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and cancer development and to predict the patient survival have become a hot issue.

To solve the problems in the illumination of the portable video monocular telescope for near-obser-vation. Some luminous lamp head and reflective lamp head were customerized for the telescope, and the lumi-nous lamp head was postpositively mounted at the side of the ocular lens, which or the reflective lamp head could be prepositively mounted at the side of the object lens. A wound pit on fresh pitaya was observed using portable video monocular telescope for near-observation equipped with illumination device or not. Luminous lamp head and re-flective lamp head custom-made was able to mount easily and gave the target ample illumination. Portable video monocular telescope for near-observation can be easily and cheaply equipped with luminous device giving ample il-lumination.

BACKGROUNDThis multicenter prospective study aimed to assess the utility of dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer.

METHODSThe research subjects were drawn from patients with primary early resectable breast cancer treated in the breast disease centers of six three-level hospitals in Beijing from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2012. The participants were allocated to a breast-conserving surgery group (breast-conserving group) or a total mastectomy group (total mastectomy group). Enhanced MRI was used to measure breast volume, longest diameter of tumor and tumor volume. The correlations between these measurements and those derived from histopathologic findings were assessed. The relationships between the success rate of breast-conserving surgery and MRI- and pathology-based measurement results were statistically analyzed in the breast-conserving group.

RESULTSThe study included 461 cases in the total mastectomy group and 195 in the breast-conserving group. Allocation to these groups was based on clinical indications and patient preferences. The cut-off for concurrence between MRI- and pathology-based measurements of the longest diameter of tumor was set at 0.3 cm. In the total mastectomy group, the confidence interval for 95% concurrence of these measurements was 35.41%-44.63%. Correlation coefficients for MRI and histopathology-based measurements of breast volume, tumor volume and tumor volume/breast volume ratio were r = 0.861, 0.569, and 0.600, respectively (all P < 0.001). In the breast-conserving group, with 0.30 cm taken as the cut-off for concurrence, the 95% confidence interval for MRI and pathology-based measurements of the longest diameter of tumor was 29.98%-44.01%. The subjective and objective success rates for breast-conserving surgery were 100% and 88.54%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThere were significant correlations between dynamic enhanced MRI- and histopathology-based measurements of the longest diameter of breast lesions, breast and tumor volumes, and breast volume/tumor volume ratios. Preoperative MRI examination improves the success rate of breast-conserving surgery.