Objective To investigate the effect of intermittent high glucose on oxygen-glucose deprivation/refurnish (OGD/R) neuronal survival.Methods The primary cultured hippocampal neurons of mice were sub-cultured when the cell fusion reached about 80％.Cells in logarithmic growth phase were placed in a hypoxic incubator (37 ℃,5％ CO2,95％ N2) to simulate cell hypoxia.The culture medium was replaced by glucose-free Hank equilibrium salt solution (HBSS) to simulate cell hypoglycemia.The normal glucose and oxygen control group was set up.Cell morphology was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope after 6 hours of hypoxia and hypoglycemia treatment,and cell viability was detected by CCK-8 cell proliferation assay kit,and then grouping experiment was carried out.The cells were randomly divided into four groups.The cells were cultured in different concentration glucose medium under normal oxygen,5％ CO2 and 37 ℃ for 72 hours to prepare OGD/R model of cell ischemia/reperfusion.The low-glucose control group was cultured in medium containing 5.5 mmoFL glucose.The constant high-glucose group was cultured in medium containing 33.0 mmol/L glucose.The intermittent high-glucose group was cultured in medium containing 33.0 mmol/L glucose for 3 hours then in medium containing 5.5 mmol/L glucose for 2 hours alternately for 3 times during the day,and overnight in medium containing 33.0 mmol/L glucose at night.The hyperosmotic control group was made up of 5.5 mmol/L glucose medium and mannitol.The osmotic pressure was the same as that of the constant high-glucose group,and the effective glucose concentration was the same as that of the normal glucose and oxygen group,so as to eliminate the effect of osmotic pressure changes caused by the high-glucose medium on the results.Cell morphology was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope after 72 hours of cell culture in each group.Cell viability was measured by CCK-8 kit,and apoptotic rate was measured by flow cytometry.Results The inverted phase contrast microscope showed that the cells in the normal glucose and oxygen control group were plump and refractive,and had obvious nucleus,clear processes and high cell activity.After 6 hours of hypoxia and hypoglycemia treatment,the cells were shrunk,refractive index was poor,the nucleus was unclear,the processes were not clear,and the cell activity was significantly lower than that of normal glucose and oxygen control group (A value:0.34±0.06 vs.1.09±0.06,P ＜ 0.01),which indicated that the model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was successfully prepared.After 72 hours of culture with different concentrations of glucose,the cells in the low-glucose control group were shrunk,the cell membrane was incomplete,the nucleus was unclear,and number of necrotic cells were more.In the constant high-glucose group,the refractive index of cells was poor,a large number of cells floated,and the nucleus was not obvious.In the intermittent high-glucose group,the cell morphology was normal,the refractive rate of cells was decreased slightly,and the necrotic cells were less.In the hypertonic control group,the cell status was close to that in the constant high-glucose group.Compared with the low-glucose control group or constant high-glucose group,the cell viability in the intermittent high-glucose group was significantly increased (A value:2.04±0.15 vs.0.64±0.18,1.16±0.16,both P ＜ 0.01),the apoptotic rate was significantly decreased [(59.60 ± 2.55)％ vs.(78.15 ± 15.77)％,(95.60± 0.14)％,both P ＜ 0.05].There was no significant difference in cell activity or apoptotic rate between the hypertonic control group and the constant high-glucose group [cell activity (A value):1.07 ± 0.07 vs.1.16 ± 0.16,apoptotic rate:(87.80 ± 4.53)％ vs.(95.60 ± 0.14)％,both P ＞ 0.05].Conclusion Intermittent high glucose within a certain range had protective effect on OGD/R neuronal survival.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the status of the clinic intern′s injury,analyze its risk factor and discuss the protection measures.METHODS A survey among 122 clinic interns was performed by questionnaires.RESULTS 31.15% of clinic intern had education about Professional protection,and 94.26% of clinic interns expected to have this kinds of educaion.Clinic interns were lack of knowledge about professional injury and protection obviously.CONCLUSIONS The hospitals and clinic teacher should strenghen the safety education for their clinic interns and provide necessities for their protection.

OBJECTIVE To set up the infectious disease monitoring platform upon the hospital information system(HIS).In order to study the infectious disease′s early discovery,early reporting,early therapy and early control,to improve the hospital′s capability of prevention and cure of the infectious disease,generally improving the medical treatment quality.METHODS The computer technic was used to auto-collect,save,process the patient′s information.RESULTS To realize the information be shared;play a role in real time effective monitor;to provide the basic information of medical treatment,scientific research,education and management.CONCLUSIONS Realizing the scientific,standardized,systematized management of hospital infectious disease is becoming an important part in the whole HIS as the hospital medical treatment control system.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the direct economic losses caused by nosocomial infection(NI) in patients with cerebral infarction.METHODS All patients(79 with NI as case group,300 without NI as control group) in pairs were investigated through case-control study retrospectively.RESULTS The average of expenses on medical service in NI group was higher when compared to that of control,the increased medical charge was 3 873.56 yuan and the increased hospitalized charge was 6 254.92 yuan.The average bed-staytime of NI group exceeded that of control by 11 days,there was a significant difference between two groups(P

OBJECTIVE To understand the situation of pathogenic organism of surgical cut infection and germiculture result from incisal margin swab,analyze the characteristic of pathogenic organism,and provide the measures to control.METHODS To investigate the patients from Jun 2004 to Sep 2005,and analyze the data of pathogenic organism of surgical cut infection and germiculture result from incisal margin swab.RESULTS From 10278 surgical cases 124 cases(1.29%) were with surgical cut infection,From 94 samples of incisal margin swabs 58(61.70%) were positive with 59 bacterial strains,including 32(54.24%) Escherichia coli isolates,10(16.95%) of coagulase negative Staphylococcus(CNS),3(5.08%) Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and 3(5.08%) Streptococcus intermedius isolates.From 118 samples of surgical cut infection cases 102(86.44%) were positive with 120 strains,including 49(40.38%) E.coli isolates,25(20.83%) of CNS,and 7(5.83%) K.pneumoniae isolates.CONCLUSIONS The main bacteria of type Ⅰ surgical cut infection are Staphylococcus and that of types Ⅱ and Ⅲ surgical cut infection are E.coli.The rusults from incisal margin swabs have the important value to the treatment of surgical cut infection to guide the antibiotic use reasonably.

OBJECTIVE To explore associated factors of nosocomial infection and provide ways for control nosocomial infection.METHODS The associated factors of nosocomial infection were analyzed by using retrospective analysis in 29 842 cases from Jan 2004 to Dec 2005.RESULTS Among 29 842 cases,1917 cases were infected,the incidence was 6.4%.CONCLUSIONS The associated factors of nosocomial infection are age,the underlying diseases,the decrease in immunological function and the invasive manipulation.

OBJECTIVE To undersand neurosurgical hospital infection characteristics and bacterial resistance,and to provide reference information for the rational use of antibacterial drugs in clinics.METHODS Using the combined methods of initiative monitoring and recalling system to carry on the clinical informations' statistics,the analysis and the judgment for the 880 inpatients in the neurosurgery department in 2005.RESULTS The rate of neurosurgical hospital infection was 16.36%,significantly higher than the hospital average rate(9.18%) at the same period.Neurosurgical hospital infection pathogens were mainly Gram-negative bacteria.Infection sites occurred mainly in urinary tract(44.44%),followed by lower respiratory tract(35.42%).Sixty strains were Escherichia coli(20.2%),34 strains(11.44%) for Enterococcus faecium(D group),25 strains(8.42%) for Acinetobacter baumannii,25 strains(8.42%) for Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and 18 strains(6.06%) for Klebsiella pneumoniae.CONCLUSIONS Systematic monitoring of neurosurgical hospital infection characteristics and dynamics of bacterial resistance has important clinical reference significance to the rational use of antibacterial drugs.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated during Jan-Dec 2006.METHODS The clinically isolated P.aeruginosa strains were collected cultured and identified by paper diffusing method or trace dilution method(MIC),the results were evaluated according to the relevant documents of NCCLS of USA.RESULTS The in vitro susceptibility test of 244 P.aeruginosa isolates to 16 kinds of antibacterials indicated the resistance rate to SMZ was the highest(98.8%);then to minocycline,tetracycline and ticarcillin/clavulanicacid(70.1%,58.6% and 54.5% respectively).CONCLUSIONS To strengthen the continuous survezillance of drug resistance of P.aeruginosa,to sum up the resistance rules of main pathogens of departments in hospital and to reduce of production of resistant bacterica have the important significance.

OBJECTIVE To study resistance and the change of Pseudomonas aeruginosa of respiratory system infection,and instruct the antibacterial medicine to use rationally.METHODS The respiratory system infection patients from Jun 2004 to Dec 2005 were investigated.To the results of MICs with 229 P.aeruginasa strains were analyzed.RESULTS From inspected 5411 phlegm samples derived from Jun 2004 to Dec 2005,bacteria from 2291 samples(42.34%) were examined out,from them 229 strains(10.00%) were P.aeruginosa. The sensitive rate to tobramycin,imipenem/cilastatin sodium,piperacillin sodium,amikacin sulfate,ceftazidime,cefoperazone/sulbactam(Sulperazon),et al was greater than 60%.CONCLUSIONS We should consider the mechanism of P.aeruginosa resistance in treatment of respiratory system infection patients,and guide the management of antibacterial using.

OBJECTIVE To set up a multiple functional information system for prevention, health care and hospital infection management in order to substitute the primitive older methods.METHODS On the platform of hospital information system, to construct above mentioned system, adopting C/S framework, the backstage supporter adopted the large-scale database of SQL SERVER 2000 enterprises edition, the front application program used Power Builder7 programming. The application software where collected all data about happened public health event, infectious disease epidemic situation and hospital information management was integrated into the each work station of the information system of hospital management, in order to form the report related to any department of the hospital, and control network. RESULTS System could come down with the public health event to which every hospital department could find the infectious disease case, hospital infection case, etc. to check, put in order, report, count, analyze, have a look around, inquire about, feedback, and form the monitoring chart with excellent pictures and texts. CONCLUSIONS This software is a medical quality control system of a hospital, can to meet suddenly public health event, infectious disease epidemic situation and hospital infection control, and raise working efficiency in real time to control hospital infection.