Humans ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics* ; Microspheres ; Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology* ; Mutation ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Fluoroquinolones ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics* ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology*

BACKGROUND: The ongoing new coronavirus pneumonia (Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19) outbreak is spreading in China, but it has not yet reached its peak. Five million people emigrated from Wuhan before lockdown, potentially representing a source of virus infection. Determining case distribution and its correlation with population emigration from Wuhan in the early stage of the epidemic is of great importance for early warning and for the prevention of future outbreaks. METHODS: The official case report on the COVID-19 epidemic was collected as of January 30, 2020. Time and location information on COVID-19 cases was extracted and analyzed using ArcGIS and WinBUGS software. Data on population migration from Wuhan city and Hubei province were extracted from Baidu Qianxi, and their correlation with the number of cases was analyzed. RESULTS: The COVID-19 confirmed and death cases in Hubei province accounted for 59.91% (5806/9692) and 95.77% (204/213) of the total cases in China, respectively. Hot spot provinces included Sichuan and Yunnan, which are adjacent to Hubei. The time risk of Hubei province on the following day was 1.960 times that on the previous day. The number of cases in some cities was relatively low, but the time risk appeared to be continuously rising. The correlation coefficient between the provincial number of cases and emigration from Wuhan was up to 0.943. The lockdown of 17 cities in Hubei province and the implementation of nationwide control measures efficiently prevented an exponential growth in the number of cases. CONCLUSIONS The population that emigrated from Wuhan was the main infection source in other cities and provinces. Some cities with a low number of cases showed a rapid increase in case load. Owing to the upcoming Spring Festival return wave, understanding the risk trends in different regions is crucial to ensure preparedness at both the individual and organization levels and to prevent new outbreaks.
Betacoronavirus ; China ; epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; Emigration and Immigration ; Epidemics ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; epidemiology

Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; epidemiology

This article summarized the clinical experience of professor QIN Yue-hao in treatment of sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease. Professor QIN believes that the main pathogenesis of sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease is "stagnation" and "stasis", "regulating qi, promoting blood circulation and alleviating pain" should be used. Therefore, based on modified Dangbao Zhitong Formula, professor Qin adds it with medicine combinations and insect medicine, which have achieved significant efficacy.

BACKGROUNDThe patients with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE) suffer from neurodevelopmental delay. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical manifestations and amplitude-integrated encephalogram (aEEG) characteristics of infants with EOEE with onset within the neonatal period, to make early diagnosis to improve the prognosis.

METHODSOne-hundred and twenty-eight patients with neonatal seizure were enrolled and followed up till 1 year old. Sixty-six neonates evolved into EOEE were as the EOEE group, the other 62 were as the non-EOEE (nEOEE) group. Then we compared the clinical and aEEG characteristics between the two groups to analyze the manifestations in neonates with EOEE.

RESULTSCompared to the nEOEE group, the incidence of daily seizure attacks, more than two types of convulsions, more than two antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) application, severely abnormal aEEG background, absence of cyclicity, and more than two seizures detection were significantly higher in the EOEE group (P < 0.05) (97% vs. 54.8%; 30.3% vs. 14.5%; 97.0% vs. 25.4%; 39.4% vs. 3.2%; 57.6% vs. 9.7%; and 56% vs. 3.2%, respectively). Severely abnormal background pattern (odds ratio [OR] = 0.081, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.009-0.729, P = 0.025) and more than two seizures detection by aEEG (OR = 0.158, 95% CI: 0.043-0.576, P = 0.005) were the independent risk factors for the evolvement into EOEE. The upper and lower margins of active sleep (AS) and quiet sleep (QS) were significantly higher in EOEE group than those of the control group (P < 0.05) (34.3 ± 13.6 vs. 21.3 ± 6.4; 9.9 ± 3.7 vs. 6.7 ± 2.2; 41.2 ± 15.1 vs. 30.4 ± 11.4; and 11.9 ± 4.4 vs. 9.4 ± 4.0; unit: μV, respectively). AS upper margin was demonstrated a higher diagnostic specificity and sensitivity for EOEE than another three parameters according to the receiver operating characteristic curves; the area under the curve was 0.827.

CONCLUSIONSThe clinical characteristics of the neonatal seizure which will evolve into EOEE were more than two AEDs application, high seizure frequency (daily attack), and more than two types of the seizure. Significant high voltage, severely abnormal background, absence of cyclicity, and more than two seizures detected on aEEG were the meaningful indicators to the prediction of EOEE.

Objective To compare the effect of the domestic infantile type video intubationscope (VIS) and stethoscope in positioning of double-lumen endobronchial tube (DLT). Methods 100 cases of patients underwent elective thoracic surgery requiring single lung ventilation were randomly divided into two groups: domestic infantile type video intubationscope group (group V) and stethoscope group (group S), with 50 cases in each. After intubating with a DLT, the positions of DLT were judged and adjusted by VIS (group V) and stethoscope (group S) respectively, and then reviewed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB), the positioning time and accuracy were recorded. Results Comparing with the group S, the positioning time of DLT was significantly shorter and the total positioning accuracy of DLT was significantly higher in group V (P < 0.05). Conclusion It is easy and quickly, high accuracy with domestic infantile type video intubationscope in positioning of DLT, which is worthy of clinical popularization and application.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between STXBP1 gene mutations and refractory seizures with unknown causes in newborns.

METHODSThe coding region of STXBP1 gene was detected using direct Sanger sequencing in 11 newborns with refractory seizures of unknown causes.

RESULTSSTXBP1 gene mutation was found in 1 out of 11 patients. It was a missense mutation: c.1439C>T (p.P480L).

CONCLUSIONSSTXBP1 gene mutation can be found in neonatal refractory seizures of unknown causes, suggesting a new approach of further research of this disease.

Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Munc18 Proteins ; genetics ; Mutation ; Seizures ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of microporous porcine acellular dermal matrix (ADM) combined with bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMMCs) population containing bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) of rats on the regeneration of cutaneous appendages cells in nude mice.

METHODSSplit-thickness dermal grafts, 20 cm×10 cm in size and 0.3 mm in thickness, were prepared from a healthy pig which was sacrificed under sanitary condition. Laser microporous porcine ADM (LPADM) was produced by laser punching, hypertonic saline solution acellular method, and crosslinking treatment, and nonporous porcine ADM (NPADM) was produced by the latter two procedures. Then the appearance observation, histological examination and scanning electron microscope observation were conducted. BMMCs were isolated and cultured from tibia and femur after sacrifice of an SD rat. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation experiments were conducted among the adherent cells in the third passage. Then they were inoculated to LPADM and NPADM to construct BMMCs-LPADM and BMMCs-NPADM materials. Twenty-one healthy nude mice were divided into BMMCs-LPADM+NPADM group (A, n = 6), LPADM+split-thickness skin graft group (B, n = 6), BMMCs-LPADM+split-thickness skin graft group (C, n = 6), BMMCs-NPADM+split-thickness skin graft group (D, n= 3) according to randomized block. After anesthesia, a 2 cm×2 cm full-thickness skin defect reaching deep fascia was reproduced in the middle of the back of each nude mouse, and a split-thickness skin graft of the same size was obtained, and then prepared skin grafts were transplanted to cover the wounds respectively. On post transplantation day (PTD) 5, 7, and 14, local condition and adverse effects observation was conducted; one nude mouse was sacrificed each time to harvest all the transplant for tissue structure observation with HE staining. On PTD 7 and 14, neonatal skin appendages in corresponding composite materials were observed with transmission electron microscope.

RESULTS(1) LPADM and NPADM appeared to be porcelain white, soft, and flexible. No cellular component was observed in acellular dermal matrix. Scanning electron microscope showed that the collagen fibers were orderly arranged. LPADM had microporous structure. (2) Cells in the third passage were orderly arranged with the shape similar to fibroblasts with high growth speed. (3) Induced differentiation experiments showed that cells could differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. (4) On PTD 5, the NPADM in group A was dry in part; skin grafts in group D were dry and necrotic, and there was no infection and inflammation in groups A and D; skin grafts in groups B and C survived. On PTD 7 and 14, the overlaying material in group A was black, dry, and hard in part; the skin grafts in group D turned to be completely black, dry, and necrotic, and pale yellow clear exudate was found in subcutaneous area; there was no obvious purulent discharge in groups A and D; the appearance of skin grafts in groups B and C was close to the surrounding skin. (5) On PTD 5 and 7, in groups A, B, and C, vascularization was apparent in the pores of dermal matrix, and red blood cells could be found. In group D, skin grafts were dry and necrotic. On PTD 14, in groups A, B, and C, the pore structure of dermal matrix was fully vascularized in which a large number of red blood cells were visible. In group A, the microporous dermal matrix survived, but the overlaying NPADM was not attached closely. In groups B and C, the skin grafts were closely connected to the dermal matrix, and no cutaneous appendages were observed. In group C, special monolayer cells were found at the junction between skin graft and dermal matrix. (6) Skin grafts in group D failed to survive; they were not observed with the electron microscope. On PTD 7, there were no significant differences among groups A, B, and C. On PTD 14, no sebaceous gland-like cell or sweat gland-like cell and no newborn nerve ending were observed in skin grafts in groups A and B, in spite of the immigration of fibroblasts. In group C, a large number of new capillaries were observed at the junction between the skin graft and dermal matrix; rough endoplasmic reticulum of fibroblasts proliferated exuberantly; newborn unmyelinated nerve endings were observed; single free sweat gland-like cells and sebaceous gland-like cells were observed in superficial dermal matrix.

CONCLUSIONSLPADM, which provides a "cell niche-like" micro-environment for the migration and differentiation of the BMMCs population, when combining with the split-thickness skin graft, can induce exogenous differentiation of BMSCs in vivo, thus achieving the reconstruction of skin appendages.

Acellular Dermis ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Extracellular Matrix ; transplantation ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regeneration ; Skin ; cytology ; Skin Transplantation ; Skin, Artificial ; Swine ; Wound Healing

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of natural killer (NK)/T cell lymphoma and to analyze its relationship with Epstein-barr virus(EBV). MethodsTotally, 36 cases of cutaneous NK/T cell lymphoma were collected from 2000 to 2010 at the Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, and classified into primary and secondary groups according to whether there is evidence of extracutaneous involvement within 6 months after diagnosis. Clinicopathological features were analyzed and Epstein-barr virus (EBV) was detected. ResultsOf these 36 cases, 13 (36.1％) were classified as primary cutaneous NK/T cell lymphoma, 20 (55.6％) as secondary, and 3 (8.3％) remained unclassified because of the lack of clinical data. Males were more likely to develop both primary and secondary cutaneous NK/T cell lymphoma than females, but there was no striking difference in sex ratio between the patients with primary and secondary lymphoma (P ＞ 0.05 ). Compared with the patients with primary cutaneous NK/T cell lymphoma, those with secondary cutaneous NK/T cell lymphoma showed a younger median age at onset(43.5 vs. 54 years, P ＜ 0.05), higher prevalence of B symptoms(including fever, night sweat, body weight loss) and multiple skin lesions (P ＜ 0.05 and 0.01, respectively). EBV was positive in 92.3％ (12/13) of the primary lymphoma cases and 85％(17/20) of the secondary lymphoma cases. Moreover, the median survival was 8 months in all the cutaneous NK/T cell lymphoma cases, and was significantly shorter in secondary cases than in the primary cases(6 vs. 18 months, x2 = 6.074, P ＜ 0.05). ConclusionsCutaneous NK/T cell lymphoma is an EBV-associated, clinica]ly aggressive disease entity. Patients with primary cutaneous NI/T cell lymphoma seem to have an older age at onset and a better prognosis as compared with those with secondary cutaneous NK/T cell lymphoma.

Objective To investigate the role and the mechanism of NgR (310)ecto-Fc in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods EAE models were successfully induced in 90 Lewis rats and equally randomized into group A (without treatment), group B (giving NgR(310)ecto-Fc treatment 1 d after the success of model making) and group C (giving NgR(310)ecto-Fc treatment right after onset of the disease). The clinical scores, pathological changes of the animals were observed and compared before and after treatment. Changes of NgR expression and counts of NgR(310)ecto-Fc positive cells in the myeloid tissue were tested by immunohistochemistry before and after treatment.Results Clinical scores in group B (3.020±1.017, 1.365±0.127) and group C (2.853±0.958, 1.275±0.092) were significantly lower than those in group A (4.476± 1.525, 1.894+0.135) on the 15th and 25th d of success of model making (P＜0.05), while no significant differences on the clinical scores were noted between group B and group C. NgR expression was observed in the myeloid tissue of all groups; the counts of NgR(310)ecto-Fc positive cells in the myeloid tissue in group B (79.07± 10.31, 45.89±4.77) and group C (70.47±7.40, 40.63±4.15) were obviously decreased as compared with those in group A (101.12±11.97, 62.95±7.11) on the 15th and 25th d of success of model making (P＜0.05); while no significant differences on the counts of NgR (310)ecto-Fc positive cells were noted between group B and group C (P＞0.05). Conclusion NgR (310)ecto-Fc can alleviate the clinical symptoms of EAE by suppressing the expression of NgR, leading to no activation of myelin-related inhibitory factor (Nogo-A, MAG and OMgp), and inducing the growth of axons in EAE.