Objective To calculate the leakage rate of the automated watering system in Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center, to evaluate the safety of the system, and provide references for selection, maintenance, and management of automated watering systems in animal facilities.MethodsThis study investigated the automated watering system installed in South and North Barriers of Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center (Phase II). Water leakage monitoring was conducted over two periods, one over a period of 3 years and the other over 1.5 years. The occurrence of water leakage events at the two barriers during the monitoring period was statistically analyzed, classifying the causes into four categories: mishandling by personnel, animal behavior, obstruction by foreign objects, and deformation of fittings. The total daily leakage rate due to these causes and the daily leakage rate caused by quality issues, i.e. obstruction by foreign objects and deformation of fittings were calculated. Further analysis and discussion focused on the causes of water leakage and its impact on the facilities. At the same time, the number of caretakers at the end of the monitoring period in the Phase I facility without automated watering system and the Phase II facility with automated watering system were counted. Finally the difference in the number of cages per capita under the two watering systems was calculated.ResultsA total of 52 water leakage incidents occurred in both areas during the monitoring period, with a total daily leakage rate of 0.000 13%. Among them, 31 were caused by personnel mishandling, accounting for approximately 60% of total leakages. Enhanced training, supervision, inspection, and effective reminder measures could reduce leakage caused by personnel mishandling. There were 2 cases of water leakages caused by animal behavior, 0 leakage due to obstruction by foreign objects, and 19 leakages due to system quality issues, with a daily leakage rate of 0.000 07%. According to the operation data of Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center, the average number of cages managed per person in facilities equipped with the automated watering system was 908, compared to 570 cages in facilities without the automated watering system. This represents an approximate 59% increase in the number of cages managed per person with the adoption of the automated watering system.Conclusion The daily leakage rate of the automated watering system in the Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center is significantly lower than the theoretical design rate of 0.003%, which demonstrates the system's safety and effectiveness. Additionally, the adoption of an automated watering system can significantly enhance caretaking efficiency. While initial investments in the system are required, the subsequent increase in efficiency leads to a continuous decrease in labor costs, thereby reducing the total operational expenses of the facility. In the context of modernizing animal facility construction, automated watering systems are becoming an essential consideration in facility design and operation.

Circular RNAs(CircRNAs)are a class of non-coding RNAs with a covalently closed-loop structure,high stability,and tissue specificity,with the production mechanisms different from linear RNAs.Recent studies have discovered that some CircRNAs can encode proteins via cap-independent translation mechanisms such as internal ribosome entry site,N6-methyladenosine,and rolling loop translation.The encoded proteins regulate homologous linear proteins or downstream signaling pathways via protein bait or other mecha-nisms,thereby exerting biological functions.Studies have shown that CircRNAs play a role in various diseases,especially in tumor progression,proliferation,invasion,and metastasis and immune regulation.Therefore,by elucidating the expression and roles of proteins encoded by CircRNAs in tumorigenesis and development,this pa-per is expected to provide new tumor markers and potential targets for tumor diagnosis and treatment.

Background: and Purpose Intravenous tenecteplase (TNK) efficacy has not been well demonstrated in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) beyond 4.5 hours after onset. This study aimed to determine the effect of intravenous TNK for AIS within 4.5 to 24 hours of onset. Methods: In this pilot trial, eligible AIS patients with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch were randomly allocated to intravenous TNK (0.25 mg/kg) or standard care within 4.5–24 hours of onset. The primary endpoint was excellent functional outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score of 0–1). The primary safety endpoint was symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Results: Of the randomly assigned 80 patients, the primary endpoint occurred in 52.5% (21/40) of TNK group and 50.0% (20/40) of control group, with no significant difference (unadjusted odds ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval 0.46–2.66; P=0.82). More early neurological improvement occurred in TNK group than in control group (11 vs. 3, P=0.03), but no significant differences were found in other secondary endpoints, such as mRS 0–2 at 90 days, shift analysis of mRS at 90 days, and change in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at 24 hours and 7 days. There were no cases of sICH in this trial; however, asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 3 of the 40 patients (7.5%) in the TNK group. Conclusion This phase 2, randomized, multicenter study suggests that intravenous TNK within 4.5–24 hours of onset may be safe and feasible in AIS patients with a DWI-FLAIR mismatch.

The main components and working principle of the fluid infusion and blood transfusion warmer were introduced,and the causes for the adverse events of the warmer were summarized based on National Medical Device Adverse Event Monitoring Information System and related literature in the world.The potential risks of the warmer were analyzed during operation,and the quality concerns and corresponding evaluation methods were proposed for the warmer from the aspects of device marking and documentation,structure,and temperature.References were provided for standard preparation,pre-market technical review and system verification of the fluid infusion and blood transfusion warmer.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2023,44(10):76-80]

Humans ; Stroke ; MELAS Syndrome

Age,a basic marker of the population,is an indispensable demographic characteristic in medicine.However,the grouping in medicine according to age have problems such as inconsistent grouping criteria and ambiguous definition of age-related terms.Therefore,this article reviews the age-based grouping criteria and the application of related terms in medicine.

There are 200-500 species of Potentilla(Rosaceae) worldwide, among which 90 species are widely distributed in China and have a long history of ethnic medicinal use. According to our statistics, a total of 367 compounds have been isolated and identified from plants of this genus, including terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, and phenylpropanoids. The medicinal materials made from these plants mainly have antioxidative, blood sugar-lowering, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, cardiovascular system-protecting, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. This study systematically reviews the research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Potentilla plants to provide a basis for further research and clinical application.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology* ; Antioxidants/pharmacology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology* ; Potentilla

Objective: To investigate the expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1, SP142) and PD-L1 (22C3) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and analyze their correlation with the clinicopathological factors and prognosis. Methods: The clinicopathologic data of 259 patients with TNBC treated in Cancer Hospital from August 2010 to December 2013 were collected. Whole section of surgical tissue samples were collected to conduct PD-L1 (SP142) and PD-L1 (22C3) immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and tumor infiltrating immune cells were visually assessed respectively, the relationship between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathologic characterizes were analyzed. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to test the correlations between PD-L1 expression and disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: The positive rates of SP142 (immune cell score, ICs≥1%) and 22C3 (combined positive score, CPS≥1) were 42.1%(109/259) and 41.3%(107/259) in TNBC tissues, respectively, with a total coincidence rate of 82.3%. The Kappa value of positive expression cases was 0.571 and the distribution difference of SP142 and 22C3 positive expression cases was statistically significant (P<0.001). The PD-L1 positive patients were less likely to have vascular invasion (P<0.05), but with higher histological grade and Ki-67 proliferation index (P<0.05). The recurrence/metastasis cases(8) of the patients with positive PD-L1 (SP142) was significantly lower than that of patients with negative PD-L1(SP142, 27, P=0.016). The positive expression of PD-L1 (SP142) patients were longer DFS (P=0.019). The OS of patients with positive PD-L1 (SP142) were longer than those with negative PD-L1 (SP142), but without significance (P=0.116). The positive expression of PD-L1 (22C3) was marginally associated with DFS and OS of patients (P>0.05). Conclusions: The expression of PD-L1 (22C3) is different from that of PD-L1 (SP142) in TNBC, and the two antibodies can't be interchangeable for each other in clinical tests. PD-L1 (SP142) status is an independent prognostic factor of DFS in TNBC. The DFS is significantly prolonged in patients with positive expression of PD-L1 (SP142).
B7-H1 Antigen/genetics* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prognosis ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology*

China ; Manganese/toxicity* ; Stainless Steel

Aim Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Alii) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the selective loss of upper and lower motor neurons.Its pathogenesis is complex and not yet fully understood.Accumulating evidences show that energy metabolism defieits and homeostasis imbalance lead to selective degeneration of motor neurons in ALS.Adenosine phosphate-activated protein kinase ( AMPK) and silent information regulator-1 (SIRT1) are known to sense energy metabolism at the cellular level, playing an essential part in regulating the energy homeostasis and autophagy by activating downstream pathways.AMPK activates SIRT1 to activate the deaeetylation and activation of downstream genes involved in energy metabolism such as peroxisome proliferator-aetivated receptor 7 ( PPAR-y) and eoaetivator la ( PGC-la) , thereby increasing the level of mitochondrial biosynthesis.Therefore, the mechanism by which AMPK/SIRT1 participates in the regulation of energy metabolism is highly likely to be a potential target for ALS treatment.Here we first review the important role of energy metabolism defects and mitochondrial abnormalities in the pathogenesis of ALS, and briefly address the therapeutic potential of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1 a pathway as a treatment target in ALS, and how targeted regulation of this signaling pathway makes it an effective therapeutic strategy for ALS.