Objective: To explore the relationship between related factors of non-suicidal self-injury behavior (NSSI) among middle school students in Guizhou Province, so as to provide the evidence for preventing high risk behaviors in adolescents. Methods: A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 1 034 junior and senior middle school students from Zunyi City, Qiannan Prefecture and Tongren City in Guizhou Province from April to October in 2023. Questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information including Adolescent Self injury Scale and Family Assessment Device. The R 4.4.1 software was employed for network analysis visualization, centrality indicators, and result stability assessment. Results: The detection rate of NSSI behavior among middle school students in Guizhou province was 29.6%, with a detection rate of 25.5% for boys and 33.1% for girls, showing a statistically significant difference ( χ 2=7.07, P <0.05). There were statistically significant differences in scores of emotional communication, egoism, family rules, positive communication, problem solving, expression of positive emotions and management of negative emotions self-efficacy, and bullying victimization in various dimensions between middle school students with and without NSSI ( Z =-13.66 to -7.05, P <0.01). NSSI among middle school students was positively correlated with social/relational bullying, depression and anxiety, and there were relatively close connections in the network ( r =0.35, 0.43, 0.42, P <0.01). Centrality indicators showed that the highest in strength and closeness centrality were stress ( Z =1.29, 1.58), the highest in betweenness centrality was for emotional communication ( Z =1.91), and the highest in expected influence index was for physical bullying ( Z =1.44)( P < 0.05). Conclusions Stress, emotional communication and physical bullying have significant impacts in the network of factors related to NSSI. Social/relational bullying, depression and anxiety have strong direct correlations with NSSI behavior among middle school students.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment modalities, and prognosis of parathyroid multiglandular disease (PTMGD) in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) .Methods:The clinical data of 29 patients with PTMGD who underwent surgery at the General Surgery Department of the Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from Dec. 2015 to Jul. 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, including the patients' preoperative and postoperative blood calcium and parathyroid hormone, the main clinical manifestations, the involvement of other systems, the main types of pathology, the accuracy of the various examinations, and the postoperative prognosis, etc., and were compared with the 291 patients who had undergone surgery for single-glandular lesion patients were compared. SPSS25 was used to analyze the data.Results:The age of onset of PTMGD was 52.7±1.9 years compared to 56.6±0.7 years in patients with monoglandular disease, P=0.047. Tumor diameter of PTMGD was (2.05±0.1) cm and (2.34±0.6) cm of monoglandular disease, P=0.006. The preoperative blood calcium was (2.56±0.59) mmol/L in PTMGD and (2.70±0.58) mmol/L in monoglandular disease, P=0.045. Preoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH), blood calcium, and Win values were positively correlated with maximum tumor diameter in patients with PTMGD (R-values of 0.362, 0.223, and 0.352, respectively) .Neck ultrasound, neck-enhanced CT and parathyroid nuclear imaging were used to localize and diagnose the diseased parathyroid glands in this group of cases.The accuracy rates were (14/25) 56%, (10/19) 53% and (11/24) 46% in patients with PTMGD, while in patients with monoglandular disease, the accuracy rates were (233/250) 89%, (131/152) 96% and (223/232) 86%. PTMGD accuracy rate was less than that of monoglandular disease,and was statistically significant ( P-value was less than 0.001 in all cases) .The accuracy of the combined localization diagnosis of the three tests in patients with PTMGD was then improved to (13/18) 72%. The pathology of PTMGD was predominantly parathyroid hyperplasia, 45/72 (63%), compared to that of monoadenopathy 18/291 (6%), P<0.001. Parathyroid adenomas predominated in patients with monoadenopathy compared to that of PTMGD, 237/291 (82%) vs. 24/72 (33%), and the proportion of parathyroid adenomas in patients with monoadenopathy was higher than that in patients with PTMGD, P<0.001. 23 patients with PTMGD were followed up, of whom 9 showed mild elevation of parathyroid hormone postoperatively, and 1 patient showed signs of hypoparathyroidism. Conclusion:The low age of onset of multiglandular lesions in primary hyperparathyroidism, mild biochemical tests, and the difficulty of accurately locating all lesions preoperatively warrant adequate preoperative evaluation to promptly identify patients with familial multiple endocrine adenomas, as well as intraoperative bilateral parathyroid exploration in patients with suspected multiglandular lesions.

Objective To study the requirement of exogenous phosphorus for 2-year-old and 3-year-old ginseng seedings.Methods Two-and three-year-old ginsengs were used as experimental materials.Calcium superphosphate and phosphorus-free Hoagland solution were used as fertilizer,and the concentrations of P2O5 were set to be 0 mmol·L-1,0.5 mmol·L-1,1.5 mmol·L-1,3 mmol·L-1,6 mmol·L-1,8 mmol·L-1,respectively.The effects of different concentrations of phosphorus fertilizer on agronomic indexes,photosynthetic characteristics and accumulation of ginsenosides Rg1,Rb1 and Re were studied.Results The plant height,stem diameter,root weight,leaf area,relative content of chlorophyll,net photosynthetic rate and total saponins content of different year-old panax ginseng were significantly increased by applying phosphorus at 1.5-3.0 mmol·L-1.Among them,compared with the phosphorus-free group,the root weight of second-year ginseng was increased by 16％and the saponin content was increased by 24％;the root weight of third-year ginseng was increased by 89％and the saponin content was increased by 132％.The appropriate application rate of phosphorus fertilizer(phosphorus pentoxide)during the growth of second and third year ginseng was 26.6 mg and 53.3 mg of plant,respectively.Conclusion External application of suitable concentration of phosphorus fertilizer can enhance the external morphological characteristics of ginseng,improve photosynthetic physiological properties and increase the content of active ingredients.

OBJECTIVES: Hypoxia can alter the oral bioavailability of drugs, including various substrates (drugs) of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), suggesting that hypoxia may affect the function of P-gp in intestinal epithelial cells. Currently, Caco-2 monolayer model is the classic model for studying the function of intestinal epithelial P-gp. This study combines the Caco-2 monolayer model with hypoxia to investigate the effects of hypoxia on the expression and function of P-gp in Caco-2 cells, which helps to elucidate the mechanism of changes in drug transport on intestinal epithelial cells in high-altitude hypoxia environment. METHODS: Normally cultured Caco-2 cells were cultured in 1% oxygen concentration for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. After the extraction of the membrane proteins, the levels of P-gp were measured by Western blotting. The hypoxia time, with the most significant change of P-gp expression, was selected as the subsequent study condition. After culturing Caco-2 cells in transwell cells for 21 days and establishing a Caco-2 monolayer model, they were divided into a normoxic control group and a hypoxic group. The normoxic control group was continuously cultured in normal condition for 72 h, while the hypoxic group was incubated for 72 h in 1% oxygen concentration. The integrity and polarability of Caco-2 cells monolayer were evaluated by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), apparent permeability (Papp) of lucifer yellow, the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and microvilli morphology and tight junction structure under transmission electron microscope. Then, the Papp of rhodamine 123 (Rh123), a kind of P-gp specific substrate, was detected and the efflux rate was calculated. The Caco-2 cell monolayer, culturing at plastic flasks, was incubated for 72 h in 1% oxygen concentration, the expression level of P-gp was detected. RESULTS: P-gp was decreased in Caco-2 cells with 1% oxygen concentration, especially the duration of 72 h (P<0.01). In hypoxic group, the TEER of monolayer was more than 400 Ω·cm², the Papp of lucifer yellow was less than 5×10^-7 cm/s, and the ratio of AKP activity between apical side and basal side was greater than 3. The establishment of Caco-2 monolayer model was successful, and hypoxia treatment did not affect the integrity and polarization state of the model. Compared with the normoxic control group, the efflux rate of Rh123 was significantly reduced in Caco-2 cell monolayer of the hypoxic group (P<0.01). Hypoxia reduced the expression of P-gp in Caco-2 cell monolayer (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia inhibits P-gp function in Caco-2 cells, which may be related to the decreased P-gp level.
Humans ; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 ; Caco-2 Cells ; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B ; Hypoxia ; Oxygen

Objective:Plateau hypoxia exposure causes changes in pharmacokinetic parameters and cerebral-blood distribution of drugs,including many substrates of P-glycoprotein(P-gp).Levetiracetam,a kind of antiepileptic drugs,is a substrate of P-gp.Whether plateau hypoxia exposure changes its pharmacokinetic characteristics and cerebral-blood distribution remains unclear.This study aims to investigate the effects of plateau hypoxia on the pharmacokinetics and cerebra-blood distribution of levetiracetam. Methods:Wistar rats were divided into a low-altitude control group,a high-altitude group,a solvent group,and a P-gp induction group.After 24 h of exposure at altitude of 4 010 m,rats in the high-altitude group were given levetiracetam orally or intravenously.The plasma was respectively collected at 0.083,0.25,0.5,0.83,1.25,2,4,6,8,10,12,and 24 h after oral administration of the drug,while both plasma and brain were respectively collected at 5,45,60,120 and 240 min after intravenous injection.After 3 days administration of dexamethasone,plasma and brain of rats in the P-gp induction group were collected at 120 min after intravenously giving levetiracetam.Plasma and brain concentrations of the drug were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS).The expression of P-gp in blood-brain barrier was detected by Western blotting. Results:Compared with the low-altitude control group,the area under the curve(AUC)and mean residence time(MRT)of levetiracetam were respectively decreased by 14.69%(P<0.01)and 15.42%(P<0.01),while the clearance(CL)was increased by 16.67%(P<0.01)in the high-altitude group.The ratio of brain/blood plasma drug concentration was decreased by 22.82%(P<0.05),12.42%(P<0.05),17.40%(P<0.01),and 13.22%(P<0.01)at 5,45,120,and 240 min after injection,respectively.The expression of P-gp on the blood-brain barrier was increased by 86.3%(P<0.05).Compared with the solvent control group,the expression of P-gp on the blood-brain barrier in the P-gp induction group was increased by 56.3%(P<0.05),the ratio of brain/blood plasma drug concentration was decreased by 19.3%(P<0.05). Conclusion:After acute plateau hypoxia exposure,the pharmacokinetic of levetiracetam in rats are altered,and the cerebral-blood distribution of the drug in rats is decreased,which may be related to the up-regulation of P-gp expression on the blood-brain barrier.

Chinese materia medica is the material basis of the development of traditional Chinese medicine， but the rapid growth of the demand for Chinese materia medica resources and environmental deterioration make a large number of wild medicine resources endangered. At present， artificial cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials is the main way to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand in the market， but the production and quality of medicinal materials are seriously affected by the lack of process control， specialization and fine management in medicinal plant cultivation. Early prediction and evaluation of the growth， yield， diseases and insect pests of medicinal plants is an important technical means to guarantee the yield and quality of Chinese medicinal materials， and effective and non-destructive process monitoring technology is the prerequisite for realizing the modernization of Chinese medicine agriculture. With the advantages of rapid， non-destructive and accurate detection， hyperspectral remote sensing has been widely used in recent years for plant growth information extraction and yield assessment， as well as monitoring crop growth and response to adversity stress， becoming an important technical tool for precision agricultural production such as quality monitoring and pest and disease prevention. Therefore， combined with hyperspectral data processing and analysis methods， the application of hyperspectral remote sensing technology in monitoring plant physiological characteristics， environmental stress， resource investigation and quality inspection of medicinal materials is systematically reviewed， and combined with the characteristics of medicinal plants， the application prospect of hyperspectral remote sensing technology in improving the monitoring ability of production process of Chinese medicinal materials， realizing real-time dynamic monitoring of medicinal materials cultivation， developing early diagnosis technology of pests and diseases for nondestructive detection， and establishing quality traceability of high-quality Chinese medicinal materials is discussed， in order to solve the related problems in precision cultivation of Chinese medicine agriculture by hyperspectral remote sensing technology， and provide new ideas and solutions for the sustainable utilization of Chinese medicine resources and the development of intelligent Chinese medicine agriculture.

Chronic periodontitis is a prevalent disease; if left untreated, it is a main indication for tooth extraction and can lead to tooth loss. The reactive soft tissue, formed as a result of the immune response to chronic inflammation, is left in the compromised socket. The major concern is how to deal with the residual reactive soft tissue. Conservative thought states that the reactive soft tissue should be completely debrided. In addition, novel practices concerning the reactive soft tissue were proposed in recent trials, which demonstrated that there might be merits for soft and hard tissue regeneration with preservation of the reactive soft tissue. Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells exist in inflammatory reactive soft tissue, stressing their potential in tissue regeneration. Although the therapeutic value is highly promising, the specific components of the reactive soft tissue and the standard on whether it should be preserved need further investigation.

[摘 要] 目的：探索南蛇藤提取物齐墩果烷型五环三萜（28-hydroxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-2-oic acid）协同miR-451对人胃癌AGS细胞增殖、迁移的影响及其可能的分子机制。方法：用miR-451过表达慢病毒感染AGS细胞，并用盐酸多西环素（DOX）10或100 ng/ml诱导24 h，构建过表达miR-451的细胞AGS/miR-451+。采用10、20、40、80、160 μmol/L的齐墩果烷型五环三萜处理AGS/miR-451+细胞，MTT法、划痕实验分别检测细胞增殖和迁移能力的变化，WB法检测细胞中mTOR通路及凋亡相关蛋白表达水平的变化。结果：成功构建过表达miR-451的AGS/miR-451+细胞。与未加药对照组相比，齐墩果烷型五环三萜处理后AGS/miR-451+细胞的增殖抑制率均呈时间和浓度依赖性升高（P<0.05或P<0.01），细胞迁移率均显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）。齐墩果烷型五环三萜处理组细胞中，mTOR 信号通路相关蛋白的表达量均有所降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）；凋亡相关蛋白中，Bcl2的表达量下降，BAX、caspase-3、caspase-1及细胞色素c的表达量升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论：齐墩果烷型五环三萜能够协同miR-451抑制人胃癌AGS细胞的增殖与迁移，其机制可能与影响凋亡和mTOR信号通路相关蛋白的表达有关。

Objective:In this study, a gait acquisition and analysis system is developed to provide a cheap, easy-to-use solution for quantitative recording and analysis of patients' gaits.Methods:From April 2017 to October 2018, we collected the gait data of 19 patients with knee osteoarthritis and 19 healthy volunteers in the orthopaedic outpatient department. Among 19 patients, there were 9 males and 10 females, aged 50.1±9.4 years old. Among 19 healthy volunteers, there were 8 males and 11 females, aged 50.7±10.3 years old. Then, from the collected gait data, the static gait features such as gait speed, step length, stride, and dynamic gait features were automatically calculated, and the statistical difference analysis was finished to determine the correlation between these quantitative gait features and knee osteoarthritis.Results:Firstly, the gait data collected by the depth camera was compared with the data from the multi infrared camera-based motion analysis system (gold standard). The average angle error of the collected knee joint angle was 0.98 degrees, which proved the correctness of the gait data recorded by the depth camera. The statistical difference analysis of gait characteristics between the patient group and the healthy group showed that the gait characteristics with P<0.05 included: gait speed ( r=-0.922, P<0.001), step length ( r=-0.897, P=0.004), stride ( r=-0.914 , P<0.001), dynamic characteristics of angle of knee joint ( r=0.775, P=0.001). Conclusion:The gait acquisition and analysis system based on the depth camera can accurately record and store the gait data of the patients with knee osteoarthritis. Moreover, the extracted quantitative gait features have statistical differences between the patients and the healthy group, which is helpful for the gait analysis of bone joint.

Objective:To investigate nurses' knowledge, attitude and behavior status about the safety management of enteral nutrition tube in a tertiary Class A hospital in Beijing.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire based on reliability and validity was used. Besides, a convenient sampling method was used to select 309 nurses working on enteral nutrition from the hospital.Results:Nurses scored (28.58±6.09)for knowledge, (37.65±5.03)for attitude and (70.01±5.45)for behavior. The percentage of average scores in the three indicators were 57.16%, 94.13% and 93.35%. According to the single factor analysis, the score of behavior differed among nurses with different working years( F=23.61, P=0.032). The score of knowledge differed among nurses with different titles( F=4.48, P=0.012). Besides, the frequency of tube feeding operations had great effects on nurses′ knowledge and behavior ( F=9.64, P<0.001; F=34.59, P=0.018). But there was no statistical difference in the knowledge, attitude, and behavior scores among nurses trained at different frequencies( F=0.85, P=0.497; F=12.56, P=0.231; F=18.97, P=3.479). Conclusions:Nurses have a positive attitude towards the safety management of enteral nutrition tube, but their knowledge level is poor and their behavior needs to be further regulated. It is necessary to carry out relevant training to standardize clinical operations and ensure the safety management of enteral feeding tube.