Phage therapy is one of the most important tools for the treatment of infections with multi-drug resistant bacteria. Such phages are usually isolated from hospital effluents, however, no systematic study on the distribution of phages in hospital effluents has been conducted so far. The aim of this study was to isolate the corresponding phages of common pathogenic bacteria isolated in the clinic as hosts, so as to assess the ecological distribution of phages in hospital wastewater and to provide a reference for the isolation and application of phages of drug-resistant bacteria in the clinic. A cross-sectional study design was used in this study. The 125 pathogenic bacteria (belonging to 16 different strains) isolated from the clinical microbiology laboratory of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from May to June 2023 were selected as the target strains, and the phages corresponding to these strains were isolated and purified from the hospital wastewater by using the double-layer plate sandwich method. At the same time, the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in the same batch of wastewater was analyzed with the help of mNGS sequencing technology, so as to preliminarily investigate the abundance correspondence between pathogenic bacteria and phages in wastewater. The results showed that a total of 56 phage strains were isolated from 125 clinical pathogens as hosts, corresponding to six pathogens, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. All six pathogenic bacteria contained strains with different degrees of drug resistance, with a higher percentage of multi-drug resistant strains in A. baumannii, Escherichia coli and P. aeruginosa. The phage acquisition rates of these six pathogens were, in descending order, Escherichia coli (80%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (75%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (70%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (66.67%), Acinetobacter baumannii (36.36%) and Staphylococcus aureus (12.5%). Preliminary mNGS sequencing results showed that the pathogenic bacteria with higher abundance in the batch of effluent were Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella aerogenes, Klebsiella michiganensis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In conclusion, phages of most common clinical Gram-negative pathogens were isolated from hospital wastewater with high isolation rates; however, phages of Gram-positive pathogens were isolated at lower rates, and only phages corresponding to Staphylococcus aureus were isolated in this study. The corresponding mNGS sequencing results showed that the distribution of Gram-negative pathogens in sewage may had a positive correlation with the ecological distribution of phages.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum long non-coding RNA FGD5-AS1(ln-cRNA FGD5-AS1),microRNA-103a-3p(miR-103a-3p)and puerperal infection(PI)in patients with gesta-tional diabetes mellitus(GDM)in late pregnancy.Methods A total of 168 late pregnancy GDM patients who were hospitalized and delivered in the hospital from January 2022 to June 2023 were retrospectively selected as the experimental group,and the patients were separated into an infected group(96 cases)and an uninfected group(72 cases)based on whether they had PI.At the same time,120 late pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination in the hospital and had normal gestational blood glucose were selected as the control group.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)was applied to detect the expression levels of ln-cRNA FGD5-AS1 and miR-103a-3p.Multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of PI in late pregnancy GDM patients.StarBase website was applied to analyze the relationship between lncRNA FGD5-AS1 and miR-103a-3p.Pearson was applied to analyze the correlation between lncRNA FGD5-AS1 and miR-103a-3p.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to evaluate the value of ln-cRNA FGD5-AS1 and miR-103a-3p in predicting the occurrence of PI.Results There was a statistically sig-nificant difference in the expression levels of serum lncRNA FGD5-AS1 and miR-103a-3p between the experi-mental group and the control group(P＜0.05),the expression level of serum lncRNA FGD5-AS1 in the infec-ted group was obviously higher than that in the uninfected group(P＜0.05),but the expression level of ser-um miR-103a-3p in the infected group was obviously lower than that in the uninfected group(P＜0.05).The expression level of lncRNA FGD5-AS1 was an independent risk factor for PI in late-pregnancy GDM patients(P＜0.05),and the expression level of miR-103a-3p was an independent protective factor for PI in late-preg-nancy GDM patients(P＜0.05).There was a negative correlation between lncRNA FGD5-AS1 and miR-103a-3p expression level(r=-0.409,P＜0.001).The efficacy of the combined detection of lncRNA FGD5-AS1 and miR-103a-3p for predicting PI in late pregnancy GDM patients was superior to that of serum lncRNA FGD5-AS1 and miR-103a-3p alone(P＜0.05).Conclusion LncRNA FGD5-AS1 is an independent risk factor for PI in late pregnancy GDM patients,while miR-103a-3p is an independent protective factor for PI in late pregnancy GDM patients.The combined detection has higher value for predicting PI in late pregnancy GDM patients.

Phage therapy is one of the most important tools for the treatment of infections with multi-drug resistant bacteria. Such phages are usually isolated from hospital effluents, however, no systematic study on the distribution of phages in hospital effluents has been conducted so far. The aim of this study was to isolate the corresponding phages of common pathogenic bacteria isolated in the clinic as hosts, so as to assess the ecological distribution of phages in hospital wastewater and to provide a reference for the isolation and application of phages of drug-resistant bacteria in the clinic. A cross-sectional study design was used in this study. The 125 pathogenic bacteria (belonging to 16 different strains) isolated from the clinical microbiology laboratory of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from May to June 2023 were selected as the target strains, and the phages corresponding to these strains were isolated and purified from the hospital wastewater by using the double-layer plate sandwich method. At the same time, the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in the same batch of wastewater was analyzed with the help of mNGS sequencing technology, so as to preliminarily investigate the abundance correspondence between pathogenic bacteria and phages in wastewater. The results showed that a total of 56 phage strains were isolated from 125 clinical pathogens as hosts, corresponding to six pathogens, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. All six pathogenic bacteria contained strains with different degrees of drug resistance, with a higher percentage of multi-drug resistant strains in A. baumannii, Escherichia coli and P. aeruginosa. The phage acquisition rates of these six pathogens were, in descending order, Escherichia coli (80%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (75%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (70%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (66.67%), Acinetobacter baumannii (36.36%) and Staphylococcus aureus (12.5%). Preliminary mNGS sequencing results showed that the pathogenic bacteria with higher abundance in the batch of effluent were Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella aerogenes, Klebsiella michiganensis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In conclusion, phages of most common clinical Gram-negative pathogens were isolated from hospital wastewater with high isolation rates; however, phages of Gram-positive pathogens were isolated at lower rates, and only phages corresponding to Staphylococcus aureus were isolated in this study. The corresponding mNGS sequencing results showed that the distribution of Gram-negative pathogens in sewage may had a positive correlation with the ecological distribution of phages.

Objective:To observe the role of neuroinflammation in cognitive dysfunction induced by 1-bromopropane (1-BP) in rats.Methods:Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, 1-BP group, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC)+ 1-BP group and PDTC group, with 15 rats in each group. Rats in 1-BP group and PDTC+ 1-BP group were given 800 mg / kg 1-BP by gavage, and rats in control group and PDTC group were given equal volume corn oil once a day for 12 days; rats in PDTC group and PDTC+ 1-BP group were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg / kg PDTC 30 minutes after gavage, while rats in control group and 1-BP group were injected with equal volume of normal saline once a day for 12 days.From the 7th to 12th day of the experiment, ten rats in each group were randomly selected and subjected to Morris water maze test for detect the cognitive function. In the positioning navigation test, the learning ability of rats was evaluated by the escape latency and total swimming distance respectively. In the space exploration experiment, the memory ability of experimental animals was evaluated by the number of times crossing the target platform. After the experiment, ten rats were sacrificed, the cerebral prefrontal cortex was harvested. The cytosolic and nuclear NF-κB expression and phosphorylation were detected by Western blot, the mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were detected by qRT-PCR. After cardiac perfusion fixation, the brains of 5 rats were taken to make frozen sections for immunohistochemical staining and Nissl staining. SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis, repetitive measurement deviation analysis was used for the analysis of the swimming distance and the escape latency in positioning navigation test, One-way ANOVA was used for the analysis of the number of times crossed the target platform in spatial probe test and other data. Tukey's test was used for Post hoc comparison.Results:The results of Morris water maze showed that there was significant interaction between group and training time in the total swimming distance of rats in the four groups ( F=3.762, P<0.05). Simple effect analysis showed that the total swimming distance of 1-BP group in 1-4 days were longer than those of control group (all P<0.05), while the total swimming distance of PDTC+ 1-BP group in 1-4 days were shorter than those of 1-BP group (all P<0.05). There was significant interaction between group and training time in the escape latency among the four groups ( F=6.541, P<0.01). The escape latencies of 1-BP group in 1-4 days were longer than those of control group (all P<0.05), while the escape latencies of PDTC+ 1-BP group in 1-4 days were shorter than those of 1-BP group (all P<0.05). The results of space exploration experiment showed that there was significant difference in the number of crossing the platform among the four groups ( F=75.333, P<0.01). The number of crossing the platform (1.08±0.29) in 1-BP group was lower than that in the control (3.35±0.05) ( P<0.01). The number of crossing the platform (1.95±0.26) in PDTC+ 1-BP group was higher than that in 1-BP group ( P<0.01). It had significant difference both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of the NF-κB protein level in prefrontal cortex among rats of the four groups ( F=20.865, 23.877, both P<0.01). The levels of NF-κB in cytoplasm and nucleus of rats in 1-BP group were both higher than those in control group (cytoplasm: (177.3±32.1)%, (100.0±8.4)%, P<0.01; nucleus: ( 173.2±27.1)%, (100.0±8.4)%, P<0.01). While the levels of NF-κB in cytoplasm and nucleus of 1-BP+ PDTC group were both lower than those of 1-BP group (cytoplasm: (148.7±22.0)%, (177.3±32.1)%, P<0.01; nucleus: (149.7±18.8)%, (173.2±27.1)%, P<0.01). The results of qRT-PCR showed that there were significant differences in the mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the prefrontal cortex among the four groups ( F=17.464, 17.382, both P<0.01). The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA in 1-BP group were higher than those in control group (both P<0.05), and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA in PDTC+ 1-BP group were both lower than those in 1-BP group (both P<0.05). The results of immunohistochemistry showed that compared with the control group, the number of microglia and astrocytes in the 1-BP group increased (microglia: (158.30±9.68), (110.20±16.30), P<0.05; astrocytes: (122.76±4.35), (80.24±6.96), P<0.05), and the morphology was also activated, with light staining and reduced number of Nissl bodies in neurons.The number of microglia and astrocytes in PDTC + 1-BP group was lower than that in 1-BP group (microglia: (131.70±14.67), (158.30±9.68), P<0.05; astrocytes: (101.54±4.55), (122.76±4.35), P<0.05), and the Nissl body staining of neurons was significantly deepened. Conclusion:NF-κB signaling pathway might be the key mechanism of 1-BP neurotoxicity. PDTC intervention could significantly improve the neuroinflammatory response and behavioral disorders of experimental animals intoxicated with 1-BP.

Objective:To observe the changes of corneal curvature and ocular surface after congenital ptosis.Methods:A total of 188 patients with congenital blepharoptosis were treated with frontal muscle flap suspension, levator eyelid muscle shortening and fixation, and levator aponeurosis according to different conditions. The postoperative correction effect, corneal curvature, and ocular surface changes were observed.Results:There was no significant difference in the good correction rate among the three methods ( P>0.05). The corneal curvature at 3 months after operation was lower than that before operation and 7 days after operation ( P<0.05). The fluorescein staining score at 7 days after operation was higher than that before operation and 3 months after operation ( F=2 910.05, P<0.05). The tear film rupture time at 7 days after operation was significantly shorter than that before operation and 3 months after operation ( F=758.12, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in tear secretion test before operation, 7 days after operation and 3 months after operation ( P>0.05). The conjunctival congestion score at 3 months after operation was lower than that at 7 days after operation, and the incidence of meibomian gland dysfunction and abnormal eyelash angle at 3 months after operation was lower than that at 7 days after operation ( t=113.56, χ 2=11.02, 11.46, P<0.05). 3 months after operation, the average diopters of 3 mm and 5 mm were higher than those before operation ( t=12.35, 15.19, P<0.05). Conclusions:Frontal muscle suspension, levator eyelid muscle shortening and fixation, and levator aponeurosis are effective in treating congenital blepharoptosis, and can effectively improve the ocular surface and corneal curvature. Clinically, the appropriate one can be selected according to the condition of the child correction method.

Objective:To explore the factors influencing patient safety behavior of nursing students during clinical practice.Methods:A cross-sectional study was used, in which a total of 214 participants completed the online survey related to the undergraduate nursing students ′ clinical teaching satisfaction scale, safety attitude questionnaire and nurse safety behavior questionnaire. Results:The mean scores of clinical teaching satisfaction, safety attitude and nurse safety behavior were (3.83±0.81), (3.70±0.65) and (3.93±0.79) respectively. There were positive correlations between clinical teaching satisfaction, safety attitude with the nurse safety behavior ( r=0.82, 0.75, P<0.01). The results also showed that the same shifts with their clinical instructors, clinical teaching satisfaction and safety attitude could affect safety behavior of nursing students ( F=67.81, R2=0.753, ΔR2= 0.742, P=0.00), which accounted for 74.20% of total variation. Conclusions:The same shift arrangement for both clinical instructors and nursing students, enhancement of the demonstration and guidance from clinical instructors, as well as strengthening the cultivating patient safety attitude would be beneficial to promoting the safety behavior of nursing students during clinical practice.

The optic nerve is the only pathway that transduct visual signals into visual centers, and is consisted of retinal ganglion cells and glial cells. Astrocytes, the most abundant neuroglia in center nerve system (CNS), are considered as structural supporter and carrier of metabolic components of neurons. In recent years, astrocytes have become treasure of neurological study due to their dual effects after nerve injury. The neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are termed as A1-type, and the neuroprotective ones are termed as A2-type. For the purpose of reducing neuron loss after optic nerve injury, it is critical to find out proper management methods of astrocyte reactivity. In this paper, we will concentrate on the inducers, mechanisms and influences of astrocyte reactivity in optic nerve and CNS, and then, summarize present possible interference ways to a neuroprotective outcome.

As the basic concept and terminology of the theory system of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Wuxing has rich philosophical connotations. This research takes the term Wuxing as the object, based on the relevance translation theory to analyze the accuracy of the translation of the three authoritative versions of the dictionary, and finally proposes the reference for English translation of core terms of TCM.

Objective: To determine the expression of TAZ and its role in angiogenesis in gastric carcinoma. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was performed to investigate the expression of TAZ and to determine whether a direct relationship exists between TAZ and β-catenin. Transfection with TAZ overexpression plasmid in MKN28 cells was conducted to induce exogenous expression of TAZ and a TAZ knockdown plasmid was transfected into MGC803 cells to reduce TAZ levels. The effects on endothelial cell formation, proliferation, and migration were determined by Matrigel three-dimensional culture, MTT proliferation assay and Transwell migration assay. In addition, the expression of TAZ and β-catenin in transfected gastric cancer cells was detected by Western blot. Results: Immunohistochemistry showed that TAZ protein was expressed in 64 of 150 gastric cancer sample tissues (43%), TAZ was localized in the nucleus, and its expression was associated with tumor grade, TNM stage, metastasis, and microvessel density (MVD) (P<0.05). In addition, the expression frequency of β-catenin in the TAZ positive group was 67.2%, which was significantly higher than that in the TAZ negative group, and the expression of TAZ was positively correlated with β-catenin. After transfection, TAZ overexpression increased the expression of β-catenin and enhanced HUVECs tube formation, proliferation, and migration. In the MGC803 cells transfected with the knockdown plasmid, β-catenin levels were decreased and HUVECs motility was inhibited. Conclusions: TAZ may promote angiogenesis in gastric cancer by promoting β-catenin expression.

Objective To study the effect of estrogen on proliferation of astrocytes in hippocampus of mice following middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).Methods One hundred and eight Kunming mice were randomly divided into estrogen group(n=54)and saline group(n=54).The animals in two groups underwent right MCAO with tissue samples taken at 3,6,12,24,48and 72h after MCAO.The ischemic site was detected and the ischemic size was measured with TTC staining,the damage of neurons in hippocampus was assayed with HE staining,the expression of GFAP in hippocampal astrocytes was detected with immunohistochemical staining.Results The cerebral infarction size was significantly smaller in estrogen group than in saline group at different time points after MCAO(P＜0.05,P＜0.01)especially at 12hafter MCAO(31.50％±3.36％vs 54.50％±5.68％,P=0.019).The damage of hippocampal neurons aggregated with the prolonged ischemia time in two groups and was milder in estrogen group than in saline group at the same time points.The expression level of GFAP positive cells in bilateral hippocampal areas was higher when the ischemia time was prolonged and was significantly higher in ischemic hippocampus of estrogen group than in that of control group except at 6hin CA3ischemic area(P＜0.05).Conclusion Estrogen can protect mice against focal cerebral ischemia,stimulate the genesis of astrocyte synapses,alleviate neuronal damage after ischemia,and can thus reduce the size of cerebral infarction.